Satirical Poem Research Articles

Segmentarity in W.H. Auden's The Unknown Citizen

Wystan Hugh Auden, an Anglo-American poet, was regarded as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. His diverse and influential body of work spans various genres and themes, reflecting the complexities and nuances of modern life. Among his notable contributions is the satirical poem The Unknown Citizen, which poignantly critiques the reduction of individuals to mere numbers and data under the pervasive surveillance of authorities. This poem serves as a profound commentary on the dehumanizing effects of bureaucratic systems and the loss of individual identity in the face of societal conformity. In this essay, we will delve deeper into the themes presented in Audens The Unknown Citizen by employing the theoretical frameworks of Gilles Deleuze and Flix Guattari, particularly their conceptions of segmentarity, lines of flight, and related ideas as elaborated in their co-authored work A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Through this lens, we aim to explore how individuals are systematically segmented and monitored in modern society. We will analyze the mechanisms through which societal structures impose rigid segmentarity on individuals, effectively stripping them of their unique identities. Furthermore, we will investigate the potential for individuals to break free from these constraints, utilizing lines of flight to escape rigid societal structures and reclaim their self-identities. This interdisciplinary approach will provide a nuanced understanding of the interplay between societal control and personal autonomy in contemporary contexts.

An Analysis of Ibn Taimmiyah's Hijā' in Qasīdah Lāmiyah as the Identity of the Mahdzab Hambali

This research aims to analyze the style of satire (hijā’) used by Ibn Taymiyyah in his book titled "Qasīdah Lāmiyah (The Satirical Poem)". It is a work by Ibn Taymiyyah that contains satirical poetry directed towards those who questioned his scholarly identity. Hijā’ style is poetry used to mock other poets in a distinctive manner, often in the form of self-praise or disparagement of a group. However, since the advent of Islam, this style has frequently been used to defend Islam, whether individuals or groups, including scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah. This research employs a qualitative approach using content analysis method. Content analysis, according to Creswell, is a qualitative research method used to identify specific patterns or themes within text. The analysis results indicate that verses of satirical poetry (shiʿr hijâ) were found in Qasīdah Lāmiyah, consisting of 2 types of ethical satire (al-hijâ al-akhlâqî) and 14 verses of religious satire (al-hijâ al-dînî).

From Satirical Poems and Invisible Poisons to Radical Surgery and Organized Cervical Cancer Screening-A Historical Outline of Cervical Carcinoma and Its Relation to HPV Infection.

Over the last century, the narrative of cervical cancer history has become intricately tied to virus research, particularly the human papillomavirus (HPV) since the 1970s. The unequivocal proof of HPV's causal role in cervical cancer has placed its detection at the heart of early screening programs across numerous countries. From a historical perspective, sexually transmitted genital warts have been already documented in ancient Latin literature; the remarkable symptoms and clinical descriptions of progressed cervical cancer can be traced back to Hippocrates and classical Greece. However, in the new era of medicine, it was not until the diagnostic-pathological accomplishments of Aurel Babeş and George Nicolas Papanicolaou, as well as the surgical accomplishments of Ernst Wertheim and Joe Vincent Meigs, that the prognosis and prevention of cervical carcinoma were significantly improved. Future developments will likely include extended primary prevention efforts consisting of better global access to vaccination programs as well as adapted methods for screening for precursor lesions, like the use of self-sampling HPV-tests. Furthermore, they may also advantageously involve additional novel diagnostic methods that could allow for both an unbiased approach to tissue diagnostics and the use of artificial-intelligence-based tools to support decision making.

Urban Election System in Russia at End of 19th Century: Criticism in Provincial Periodicals

The article provides a first-time examination of the evaluations of the urban election system in the Russian Empire during the period of 1890-1892, when the preparation and implementation of the new City Regulations were taking place. The study is based on materials from private provincial periodicals. The author highlights the essence and content of the criticism of the provincial press towards the institution of urban elections. The article presents the attitudes towards the issue of social composition of urban self-government bodies as revealed in the periodical press. Positions on the issue of suffrage and proposals for its expansion through tax and educational qualifications are identified. The analysis includes assessments of the national composition of city councils and urban administrations on the outskirts and within Jewish settlements. It demonstrates how the formation of parties based on national identity in urban self-government bodies was covered in the periodicals. Discussions on the merger of powers between the heads of administrative and executive bodies of urban self-government are examined. Satirical poems, which characterize the recorded attitude towards council members and provincial assemblies in pre-revolutionary Russia, who dishonestly perform their duties and disrupt city council meetings, are introduced into scholarly circulation. Satire targeting corrupt intentions of council members is also discussed.

The path road of the satirical poem from Zakir to Mirza Alakbar Sabir

The path road of the satirical poem from Zakir to Mirza Alakbar Sabir

Vom vergeblichen und vergänglichen Leben. Es sei denn, andere schreiben darüber. Was Hinko Gottlieb über Lavoslav Schick (und sich selbst) 1934 schrieb

Abstract In his poem »Memento«, Hinko Gottlieb (1886–1948) – a lawyer and a poet – portrayed a trait of his contemporary and companion Lavoslav Schick (1881–1941) – a historian and a lawyer too – with wit and humor. His approach is biographically, at the same time he uses irony to make fun of Schick’s own biographical approaches to other Croatian Jews. As a result of the analysis of this commemorative poem, published in 1934, questions are raised about the source value of a satirical poem. Likewise, about the meaning, form and about (political) intentions of biographical depictions in general. For the contemporaries, but also for today’s researches.

Evolutionary Science, Empire, and Disenchantment in May Kendall’s That Very Mab

Abstract One of the more remarkable satires of English society and thought of the 1880s came in the guise of a fairy story, That Very Mab (1885), in which the eponymous fairy queen is driven out of Samoa by imperialists and on her return to England finds it overrun by evolutionists and the proponents of modern material progress. Written by the satirist and popular Punch contributor May Kendall, That Very Mab excoriates Victorian England by satirizing its passion for explanatory frameworks, including scientific materialism, philistinism, nihilism, novel metaphysics, evolutionary progress, and imperialism, all subjects that Kendall also attacked in her comic verse (published between 1885 and 1894). Kendall has recently received critical attention for her satiric poems about evolutionary science, materialism, and modern disenchantment. While That Very Mab’s satiric concerns in many ways dovetail with those of these poems, the wider scope of its fantastic narrative allows Kendall to enact a more sustained assault on the concept of empire and its justifications from evolutionary anthropology. Highly skeptical of teleologies that promote a belief in the evolutionary progress of humankind, her fairy fantasy links evolutionary anthropology to the dishonest blandishments, corruption, and violence of imperial adventures.

明末淸初 香奩詩의 예술사회학적 분석

During the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, Poetry of trousseau formed positive perceptions and values of human individuality and desires, and became a literary genre that was widely enjoyed by female writers as well as the literary class regardless of origin and status. At that time, writers recognized Poetry of trousseau as a genre of independent lyric poetry by honestly expressing their experiences in poetry without being bound by traditional values in expressing individual emotions. In particular, writers were active in the popularization of Poetry of trousseau, such as creation, creation, engraving, and distribution, using their reputation and human network, so they responded to the trends and trends of the times and naturally jumped on the sensibility and social trend. Because it was created based on sensuous materials, the readership was very thick, and in particular, it became a major means of cultivation and creation of writers, which served as a major opportunity for Poetry of trousseau to have a status as a lyric poetry that sincerely expresses individual emotions. In addition, in the era of destruction called the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, Poetry of trousseau also contains the genre characteristics as a satirical poem that reveals the dissatisfaction that writers kept in their hearts.

Fugitive Print: Robert Southey and S. T. Coleridge’s Devil-Ballad

The article examines the print history of Robert Southey and S. T. Coleridge’s co-written but anonymously published ‘The Devil’s Thoughts’ (1799). Over more than three decades, the ballad was transcribed, reprinted, and imitated. Most notably, an illustrated edition of 1830—erroneously ascribed to the classical scholar Richard Porson—enjoyed much popularity in the market for print, allegedly selling fifteen-thousand copies. The satirical poem aims its barbs at lucrative but immoral professions (lawyers, apothecaries, and booksellers), but government policies on prisons and support for war with France are also criticised. The article aims to discuss the poetical and political reasons why the two poets were reluctant to acknowledge the authorship of the satire. Examining the ballad’s various reproductions provides an illuminating case study of how nineteenth-century print culture could exploit popular texts that were placed in the public domain. The discussion will be divided into three sections. The first section will examine the poem’s genesis and unpack its most significant allusions in the context of contemporary print satire. The second section will document the reproduction trajectory of a Romantic-period poem that was dispossessed for most of its popular lifespan. The final section will critically examine how entrepreneurs in the book market cashed in on the popularity of the illustrated version (1830) by publishing several derivative compositions in hasty succession.

The Use of Animals in Satire: Al-Taremmah

Objectives: This study aims to uncover the unique aspects of Al-Taremmah bin Hakim's poetry, specifically in the realm of satire, within the context of the Umayyad era. It seeks to shed light on his poetic compositions, which engaged in battles of wit with renowned poets such as Al-Farazdaq, triumphing over them. One of the notable distinguishing features of Al-Taremmah's satire—unmatched or incomparable by any other poet—is his skillful use of animals to mock and deride his targets.
 Methods: The study employed a descriptive approach, analyzing the phenomenon through an examination of the poet's body of work.
 Results: Al-Taremmah's poetry demonstrates the incorporation of more than twenty different animals in his humorous compositions, ranging from birds and reptiles to savage creatures and pets. In fact, in his Diwan (collection of poetry), every satirical poem I encountered prominently featured an animal, with the creature assuming dominance over the scene's details. This represents a novel approach to satire within Umayyad poetry, surpassing the extent and intensity of animal usage exhibited by any pre-Islamic or Umayyad poets before him, to the best of my knowledge.
 Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of exploring the poetic collections of various authors, discerning the artistic phenomena that distinguish each poet from others, and identifying the distinctiveness that sets them apart.

Exposing impropriety and the degeneration of ubuntu through satire in selected isiZulu poems

This article examines the skill employed by poets in creating satirical isiZulu poems and the extent to which these satirical elements have been used in exposing indecent and immoral acts that reveal the degeneration of ubuntu culture. IsiZulu writers and researchers have not dealt with the aspects of satire as a literary genre much. As a result, this article discusses model satirical poems to unearth rare skills used in isiZulu satire. This is beneficial to reluctant writers and those who have little exposure to satire. The article is centred on five poems by four prominent writers chosen for their richness in elements of satire. The study adopts a discourse analysis method as a qualitative approach to textual analysis. Critical discourse analysis is used to support the interpretation and analysis of the idiomatic language used in the poems. The author argues that some of the satirical isiZulu poems resemble traditional praise poems where the poets criticise and ridicule those in power for their stupidity or vices. The study concludes that the poets use certain elements of satire depending on the context of the poems.

“Strange Sight this Congress!”. Byron’s The Age of Bronze (1823) and the Congress of Verona

Byron’s satirical poem The Age of Bronze, a ‘hit’ at the Congress of Verona, targets the sycophancy of artists who celebrated the Congress and other manifestations of political power. The Age of Bronze asserts a different, more active and critical task for the artist, than the decorativeness expected within the European Congress system. “I am Diogenes”, states the poet, speaking truth to power in an age of obfuscation. Byron’s biting allusions to prominent public poetry and sculpture are selectively compared with other contemporary satire. The antisemitic terms of Byron’s critique of global financialisation are analysed, as is Byron’s self-conscious undermining of his chosen poetic form.

Review of Janet Afary and Kamran Afary MOLLĀ NASREDDIN The making of a modern trickster (1906–1911), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022.

The legendary satirical magazine "Molla Nasreddin" was founded by the famous Azerbaijani educator and writer Jalil Mammadguluzade in 1906 and in a short time became a significant social and political event in the life of the countries of the Muslim East. Sharp satirical poems, articles and cartoons in a short time made the magazine the most popular publication, influencing the thinking of an entire generation. Reformation, the struggle against despotism, the struggle for the civil and political rights of women, education issues are only a small part of the problems raised in this first satirical magazine in the Middle East. The magazine also played an important role in the fact that in 1919 the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first in the entire Muslim East to grant women the right to participate in elections. Despite strict censorship and prohibitions, the magazine continued to be published until 1931.

Review of Janet Afary and Kamran Afary MOLLĀ NASREDDIN The making of a modern trickster (1906–1911), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2022.

The legendary satirical magazine "Molla Nasreddin" was founded by the famous Azerbaijani educator and writer Jalil Mammadguluzade in 1906 and in a short time became a significant social and political event in the life of the countries of the Muslim East. Sharp satirical poems, articles and cartoons in a short time made the magazine the most popular publication, influencing the thinking of an entire generation. Reformation, the struggle against despotism, the struggle for the civil and political rights of women, education issues are only a small part of the problems raised in this first satirical magazine in the Middle East. The magazine also played an important role in the fact that in 1919 the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first in the entire Muslim East to grant women the right to participate in elections. Despite strict censorship and prohibitions, the magazine continued to be published until 1931.

THE MANIFESTATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL IDEAS OF MUHAMMAD AMIN-KHOJA MUKIMI

The article dwells on the specific features of the creativity of Mukimi and the manifestation of educational ideas in his poetic works. Special attention is paid to his satirical poems, which directly and directly express not only his educational ideas, but also his moral and aesthetic views.

The Night the Epic Poem Died: Ends of Poetry in Giuseppe Parini’s La Notte

During the eighteenth century, the Italian peninsula witnessed many cultural changes coming from abroad, among which figured a new way of conceptualizing and experiencing the night. The dissemination of Enlightened ideas accelerated societal changes and solicited new literary endeavors. As the neoclassical season was burgeoning, there was an absence in the literary canon of acclaimed and national epic poems, a once-prestigious genre that elsewhere in Europe had already been replaced by the novel. This essay focuses on Il Vespro and La Notte, the last two unfinished sections of Il Giorno, Giuseppe Parini’s epic and satirical poem, and investigates the ways in which the Milanese poet analyzes the changes in his representation of the night. Through textual and thematic analysis, the essay underlines the original aspects of Parini’s antiphrastic depiction of the night.

Образ большевиков в сатирической поэме Lolo «О черте лысом и о всех его присных (Конец красной сказки)»

The paper is devoted to the analysis of Lolo’s 1922 satirical poem “About the Bald Devil and All His Kind (the End of the Red Fairy Tale)”. Scientific novelty of the study is accounted for by the fact that the poetic satire of the Russian émigré community of 1920-1925 is little studied. The analysed image of the Bolsheviks is one of the key images in the satirical poetry of the Russian émigré community in the first half of the 1920s. The study expands our understanding of relevant topics and problems in the poetry of the Russian émigré community and also makes it possible to introduce into scientific use a work that has not yet become the object of research. The aim of the paper is to identify the features of the satirical depiction of the Bolsheviks and the means of achieving a satirical effect in the poem under consideration. As a result, it has been found that in order to achieve a satirical effect, the poet uses hyperbolisation, gradation, oxymoron, juxtaposition and such vices as immorality, greed, cruelty, bloodlust are castigated through the images of the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks are portrayed as the main cause of Russia’s internal ills, in particular poverty and hunger. The author also emphasises the commonality between the image of the Bolsheviks in the poem and the images of the Bolsheviks found in satirical poems published in periodicals of the Russian émigré community.

Laughter through the invisible world of tears (Ostap Vyshnia in the «Diaries» and in life)

In the offered attention of the readers, the intelligence outlines several little-known worldview constants, which defined in the poetry of one of the greatest humorists and satirists of the 20th century – Ostap Vyshnia, not only a special way of understanding the tragic realities of the past century by a Ukrainian, but also the very way of the presence and in destructibility of Ukrainianness in the totalitarian intervening time. In the poetic and axiological dimension, Ostap Vyshnia is a direct heir of the laughing tradition, which originates from the domestic baroque polemicists – Ivan Vyshenskyi and his opponent – Adam-Ipatiy Potiy, to the philosophical and satirical fables of Hryhoriy Skovoroda. And then – to the humorous and satirical prose of Mykola Hohol and the satirical poems of Taras Shevchenko. The article examines the specifics of the hither to insufficiently researched receptions of the phenomenon of Ostap Vyshnia’s work presented by his contemporaries. For example – Mykola Khvylovyi, Yuriy Smolych. Likewise, his diaries, which he kept in the Russian Soviet concentration camp «Chibyu», the key concepts of which are analyzed in this article, are a unique source of updating the figure of Ostap Vyshnya. Among these leading constants of the writer’s individual philosophy should be attributed his inherent Christian humanism – it is no coincidence that in the 1920’s, Ostap Vyshnia was considered by Ukrainian peasants to be a kind of institution, to which numerous readers of his stories, feuilletons, smiles, and poems turned for help when they were offended and humiliated by the authorities. associated with such Christian worldview humanism is the desire and ability to help in times of need, to provide effective practical help even when the writer himself needed support and help. The figure of Ostap Vyshnia, under this review, receives a dimension that is not trivialized by other people’s stereotypes and narratives.
 It opens in its still unexplored in the 21th century power of a passionate personality, which was a prominent Ukrainian satirist and humorist. As a unique document, Ostap Vyshnia’s diaries under the name «Chibyu» are not only evidence of the key priorities of his immanent worldview, of ten not declared due to the nature and specificity of his work, but also one of the most objective testimonies about the true essence and character of the Soviet totalitarian days. It is not by chance that the word-symbol «Chibyu» was immortalized much later as a sign of totalitarian repression and abuse of Ukrainians in concentration camps by the great poet Vasyl Stus in the poem «Moscow – Chibyu». Despite all the obvious differences, it is precisely in this sense that the diaries of Ostap Vyshnia «Chibyu» are next to other important documents of the era – the «Diaries» of academician Serhiy Yefremov and the «Diary» of the great film director and writer Oleksandr Dovzhenko.

A dog and his man

In 1634 the chief judicial officer of Leiden’s strict Counter-Remonstrant government, Willem de Bont, held an extravagant funeral for his pet dog Tyter. News of the event produced a flurry of satirical songs (by the persecuted Remonstrants) and poems (by Vondel and others), castigating the childless Bont for giving his dog a funeral normally reserved for a child of the elite. These satires illuminate aspects of the human-dog relationship amidst the theological-political turmoil of early seventeenth-century Leiden. The popular assumption that the Remonstrants hanged Tyter leads to a study of contemporary criminal prosecution of animals and humans alike, and a look at contradictions in the treatment of Leiden’s dogs. Visually, the serenity of Jan Miense Molenaer’s pendant paintings of the event belie the satires. Ironically, Bont thought of his dog as a fellow human but treated the Leiden Remonstrants like dogs, while many regarded Bont himself as a beast.

Стихотворная сатира 1920 года в парижской газете «Последние новости»

The article is devoted to the analysis of the poetic satirical works of the Russian diaspora of 1920, which had not previously attracted the attention of researchers, published in the Paris newspaper “Latest news”. The paper pays attention to the topics addressed by satirists in their poems, the images and motives that poets use, the connection of satirical works with the reflection of events in the international arena. The purpose of the work is to identify the nature of the selection of objects of satirical images, their artistic interpretation and means of achieving a satirical effect. The most significant poems of 1920, reflecting the topicality and efficiency of satirical poetry, were selected for analysis. The poems are presented as they are published in the publication. The most characteristic objects of denunciation are revealed: dissatisfaction with the Anglo-Soviet trade negotiations caused a number of satirical poems addressed to British Prime Minister Lloyd George; Bolsheviks as the cause of emigrant misfortunes; European politicians who cannot resolutely oppose the Soviet government; sympathizers of the Bolsheviks, both inside Soviet Russia and in the Russian diaspora.