Satellite Channel Research Articles

Adjoint‐based observation impact on meteorological forecast errors in the Arctic

AbstractAccurate weather forecasting using numerical weather prediction in the Arctic remains a challenge owing to the complex atmospheric dynamics and relatively sparse observations of the region. Nevertheless, the impact of observations used for data assimilation (DA) on forecast errors (observation impacts, OIs) in the Arctic has not been fully explored. This study evaluated the OIs on 24 hr forecast errors in the Arctic by the adjoint‐based forecast sensitivity OI (FSOI) method using the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, three‐dimensional variational DA, and adjoint model of WRFPLUS. The time‐averaged FSOI during August 2018 was analyzed in terms of the type, variable, satellite channel, altitude, and horizontal location of the observations. The results showed that the total FSOI was greatest for aircraft observations (AIRCRAFT), followed by sonde observations, scatterometer sea‐surface winds, advanced microwave sounding unit‐A radiance data from each satellite, and surface synoptic observations. The impact of AIRCRAFT in reducing forecast errors was greater in the Arctic than in other regions of the globe. The total FSOI of the advanced microwave sounding unit‐A radiance data from all four satellites was the greatest among the total FSOI of the individual observation types. For both AIRCRAFT and sonde observations, the FSOI per observation increased at higher latitudes, indicating that forecast errors in the Arctic could be reduced when upper atmospheric in‐situ observations at higher latitudes are used for DA. The beneficial ratio of the Global Positioning System precipitable water in the Arctic was greater than that in the midlatitudes with relatively moist atmospheres that cause greater uncertainties in converting zenith wet delay. The results of this study can contribute to configuring an optimal observing system in the Arctic by presenting the relative importance of observations for reducing forecast errors.

Inter-beam handover schemes for LEO satellites in 5G satellite–terrestrial integrated networks

Unlike terrestrial handover schemes, the handover schemes in 5G satellite–terrestrial integrated network (STIN) face several challenges, such as large propagation delay, complex channel environment, and fast satellite movement. Therefore, the handover schemes designed in the 5G terrestrial network is not suitable for the 5G STIN. In view of this, this paper considers the inter-beam handover problem for the 5G STIN with a low earth orbit satellite and a ground user. We establish the satellite channel model, which includes path loss, rain attenuation, and multi-beam antenna gain. To model the mobile feature of the user, we consider a two-dimensional random walk model. Then, we propose A5 event-based conditional handover (CHO) scheme, time factor-based CHO scheme, and load factor-based CHO scheme to achieve efficient inter-beam handover. Considering that there may be multiple beams that meet the triggering condition in each handover scheme, we also propose three kinds of beam selection schemes, namely random beam selection scheme, maximum power-based beam selection scheme, and minimum distance-based beam selection scheme. To evaluate the performance of the proposed handover schemes, key performance indicators, such as handover frequency, ping-pong handover rate, unnecessary handover rate, handover failure rate, and average transmission rate are analyzed. Simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed handover schemes by comparing them with the benchmark scheme.

Odissi on Screen: A Meditation on Regional Television

This article aims to interrogate the role of the television screen in creating, re-creating, disseminating, and deconstructing the dancing body. It presents a study of the contemporary landscape of odissi dance, a nationally recognized Indian traditional art form from the eastern Indian state of Odisha, through its on-screen representation. As an odissi soloist, I register, analyze, and interpret screenic data, mainly televised interviews of dancers, live telecasts of dance festivals in Odisha, and performances recorded for the camera in the studios. I focus on content primarily broadcast on the state-owned satellite channel broadcasting in Odia, the official language in Odisha. My position is of a Sahrdaya, an observer tutored in the codes and conventions of the art form and critically responsive to the structure of emotion in the presentation. I locate the dancing body across discursive, disseminative, and choreographic renditions. This subjective positioning, I argue, democratizes the expressive ethos of odissi embodiment. Commenting on the contemporary curation of the dancing body by the state network, this essay brings larger questions around the representation of gender, sexuality, caste, and regionalism on the television screen.

A Pragmatic Study of Media Disinformation: Yemeni Conflict as a Representative

The concept of disinformation is widely spread in media discourse, particularly in relation to the Yemeni conflict. The study examines the impact of media coverage on shaping an unfavorable disinformation among the population by Al-Hadath satellite channel. Regarding the channel, it exhibits hostility towards the Houthi government in Yemen and shows support for the opposing party. In terms of linguistic means, the study aims to examine media disinformation in order to identify the pragmatic tools employed to fabricate this disinformation and deceive the audience with a false version of the truth. The data under scrutiny represent selected an interview and a news report that are broadcasted by Al-Hadath satellite channel. The study adopts two models to examine media disinformation: the first one is an ideological (Van Dijk, 1998), aiming at investigating ideology behind media disinformation while the second is an eclectic pragmatic model, including Levinson (1983) and Yule (1996), aiming at analyzing the pragmatic strategies, particularly the types and triggers of presuppositions. Ultimately, the study concludes that the media discourse of Al-Hadath satellite channel addressing the Yemeni conflict is disinforming, as it seeks to vilify the Houthi government and create a negative impression of them among the public by highlighting fabricated negative features. Keywords: Pragmatics; media; disinformation; presupposition; Yemeni conflict.

TRENDS OF TV NEWS COVERAGE IN BANGLADESH

The media booming especially the rise of satellite television channels is a significant phenomenon in the landscape of Bangladesh media which was initiated after the fall of autocratic regime in 1990. At present, twenty four satellite TV channels are in operation under the corporate ownership. These satellite channels are presenting hour-round news and views on different events and affairs. The state-owned BTV was the sole medium to cover and disseminate news, information and entertainment to the country-wide audience till 1999. Within a period of one and a half decade, ‘the media boom’ that Bangladesh is experiencing is not noticed in many other countries of the South-Asian region. In spite of this significant change in terms of quantity and ownership pattern, there still lacks a comprehensive broadcast policy to guide day-to-day operations of the channels. The article, in this backdrop, presents trend of the ever-growing satellite channels in covering news. The article also explores interests of the TV channels in terms of news selection, treatment and presentation

Lost in subtitling: do Arabic satellite TV channels and DVDs speak the same language?

Subtitling taboo comedy has recently emerged as one of the most complex issues in audiovisual translation in the Arab world. Translating this genre across language and cultural barriers demands meticulous attention to the norms and expectations of the target viewers’ culture. However, despite the growing interest in this area, further research is necessary to understand this phenomenon and its mechanisms. Therefore, this paper delves into this thorny issue and investigates the various levels of censorship and their frequency in the Arabic subtitles displayed on satellite TV channels and DVDs. The corpus analysed consists of 16 episodes from seasons 9, 10, and 11 of the American sitcom Two and a Half Men aired on MBC4, one of the most prominent Arabic TV channels, and the DVD version of these episodes. A comparative linguistic analysis was conducted on the original dialogues of the selected episodes and their Arabic subtitles, highlighting instances of censorship and identifying the strategies employed. The results of the analysis indicate that Arab subtitlers have implemented a more rigorous censorship approach in rendering taboo language, such as sexual references and swear words on TV channels compared to DVDs. Based on descriptive translation studies, the analysis reveals that Arab subtitlers working for MBC4 relied on three main strategies of censorship: euphemisation, semantic mistranslation, and omission. Furthermore, it is observed that the satellite channel has implemented rigorous censorship protocols pertaining to homosexuality, leading to the omission of certain scenes altogether. This action was taken to avoid any potential discomfort or offence to Arab viewers. It is evident that dominant ideologies and relevant censorship practices play a significant role in modifying the linguistic and visual content of the original sitcom, hindering the target viewers from following the storyline of the episodes and grasping the intended humour.

Sparse representation for massive MIMO satellite channel based on joint dictionary learning

AbstractA constrained joint dictionary learning (CJDL) algorithm for high‐precision channel representation in massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) satellite systems is proposed. Furthermore, taking into account the angular reciprocity of massive MIMO satellite systems, joint dictionary learning can establish a common support basis for both uplink and downlink. Previous deterministic dictionary has utilized deterministic basis, such as discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or orthogonal DFT (ODFT) basis, which tend to represent noise interference as part of channel characteristics. Furthermore, this deterministic dictionary is not able to adapt to dynamic communication environments. However, dictionary learning has shown the potential to significantly improve the accuracy of channel representation. Nevertheless, current research on training dictionary lacks analysis regarding constraints and boundary requirements, resulting in a suboptimal basis. To address this issue, conditional constraints associated with joint dictionary for channel representation are analysed. To screen for optimal basis, the joint dictionary is subject to constraints, including uplink and downlink constraints. Furthermore, the authors aim to quantify the maximum boundary of joint dictionary learning. Additionally, a joint dictionary updating method with singular value decomposition under constraint boundary conditions is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CJDL algorithm provides a more accurate and robust channel representation.

The exposure level media teachers for the news (eight o'clock PM) of Kurdish television channels

The aim of this research is to understand the idea and direction of the media instructors for the news at 8:00PM in the Kurdish Satellite Channels. The majority of the viewers of the satellite channels pay more attention to the news at 8:00 PM, as the habit of the international channels. The Kurdish satellite channels solicitude to the news of 8:00 PM. The Kurdish channels are preparing special news covering and the companies that are working in the economic fields are emphasizing on showing their advertisements at 8:00 PM news as it is considered as Golden Time by some of the Media Analysts. This research is considered as descriptive research and depends on media theory (Media Tools) and relies on questionnaire forms as a used tool in the research. In the end, the researchers concluded some outcomes such as; decrease the percentage of the News and TV viewers in general as there are alternatives for the Satellite channels. There are some kinds of debate during watching the news at 8:00 PM among family members and, friends and on the other side with the sample of the research, the mass majority of this research samples come first to follow the Political news, then Miscellaneous news, Economy news and then the social news. Most of the research samples show that the Kurdish channels are not alternative for the other news resources

The impact of commercial advertising on Facebook on the economy of Kurdish satellites in the Kurdistan Region

The impact of commercial advertising in Facebook on the economy of Kurdish television channels in the Kurdistan Region is the subject of this study, which is part of a PhD thesis. The aim of this study is to reveal the reality of advertising and other economic resources of the media in Kurdish satellite channels in the Kurdistan Region, and understanding level of knowledge and of these channels to the process of commercial advertising in Facebook and its characteristics. And determine the impact of commercial advertising in Facebook on the rate, price and revenues of advertising in Kurdish satellite channels. And determine the extent to which these channels have taken various measures to address the impact that commercial advertising in Facebook may have on the economy of their channels. This study is descriptive in nature and its approach is to survey the public opinion. As for the study community is the Media cadres of Kurdish satellite channels in the Kurdistan Region. But the sample is the Media cadres of seven Kurdish news and political channels, they are: GK, Rudaw, KNN, NRT, K24, Kurdsat news, Payam. The data collection tools for this study are interviews and questionnaire format which distributed to 70 media personnel who are also those concerned with the economics of Kurdish satellite channels. This study is also benefited from these previous studies.The most important findings of this study are that commercial advertising in Facebook has had a cognitive, emotional and behavioral impacts on the economy of Kurdish satellite channels in the Kurdistan Region. And advertising is just accounts for 25% of these channels' revenue.

The impact of commercial advertising on the public

Throughout the world, commercial advertising’s have become an art and effective method of communication. It is a recent necessity for all countries, nations, classes, and races. All of them are working on commercial advertising and commercial advertising are the work of all. It is crucial that the Commercial advertisements are used properly and must at a high level, Kurdish satellite channels can live and manage business in this way. Advertisements can provide facilities for citizens and consumers especially when The commercial advertisings were used properly and correctly of the direction and goals of the right and bright way. In Kurdistan Region, commercial advertisements have passed through a short period of time. In the early stages they were at a very low level, until they were within technology development and the emergence of necessary instructions to organize advertising ,becoming more advanced and developed.The significance of this research which is a scientific attempt to demonstrate and determine the effect of the commercial advertisements of The Kurdish Channels in encouraging behavior of transaction by a pattern of This research ambition is to certify the emphasis extent of advertising Commercial advertisements on Kurdish channels. To what extent Kurdish satellite channels encourage consumer’s behavior to acquisitions Goods? Which are the business rhetoric that attracts more consumer attention to buy equipments. This research is a described research, we have used the method of surveying that is the most appropriate The method is set because the most accurate data and information can be obtained in this way. This research in which the theory of relying on practical media tools.It is one of the most significant theories in the domain of media. The society of this research consists of the population of Kurdistan region which consists of 500 individuals of male and female in all four provinces of Region (Erbil ,Sulaymaniyah ,Duhok and Halabja) participated in it. the researcher to collect data and Knowledge and achievement of research studies survey formused it, and in this study, the statistical text known as the SPSS system It's used.The most important results of the research are: the relationship between commercial advertising and Kurdish channels which Are a strong and effective direct connection, and a connection between commercial advertising and buying, it is a strong and effective direct relationship, in addition to commercial advertisements on Kurdish-sourced satellite channels.the importance of user information in selecting the necessary goods and services for the election It's the best choice. In addition, commercial advertising on Kurdish airlines has an important role to play in building trust and agreement with the Kurdistan Regional Government, particularly on topics that have been advertised commercially.

Statistical channel modeling for low-elevation in LEO satellite communication

Channel modeling plays a crucial role in measuring wireless communication performance. This paper describes statistical channel modeling for a recorded signal from a ground station in an urban area in Tehran. This signal was recorded from the GRBALPHA satellite at 170–180° elevation and fixed azimuth. The three-state Markov channel modeling is used for this case. Markov models are often used for Land Mobile Satellite Channels (LMSC) because when the user is moving at different speeds between different environments, this causes, Variety in received power. By analyzing the communication channel in the lower elevations, the link budget can be designed with a suitable margin by considering the channel specification and its limitations. In addition to increasing communication time, reducing the bit error rate (BER), lowering costs, etc., this causes a more accurate channel analysis from the beginning to the end of the satellite passage.This work presents a statistical model for channel simulation using the Markov multi-state chain, estimating the Markov channel model between a fixed ground station and a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite at low elevations. The comparison of simulation data with recorded data demonstrates the proposed approach's effectiveness in modeling the channel.

Terrorism and Intellectual Extremism in Egypt: An Analytical Study on Satellite channels oriented in Arabic

Terrorism and Intellectual Extremism in Egypt: An Analytical Study on Satellite channels oriented in Arabic

Demagogic Discourse of Iraqi Political Figureson Satellite Channels

Demagogic Discourse of Iraqi Political Figureson Satellite Channels

Analyzing the performance of secondary users in satellite-terrestrial systems with cognitive radio assistance

<p>The paper investigates the outage probability (OP) of a cognitive radio-based satellite-ground transmission system. In this configuration, both direct and relay links are activated to facilitate transmission from the primary satellite source to terrestrial users. The primary metric under scrutiny is the outage probability for both the primary and secondary networks. Utilizing the Shadowed-Rician fading model, commonly applied to satellite channels, for the satellite segment, and Nakagami-m fading models for terrestrial channels, we assess the OP by analyzing the expressions for both primary and secondary users. Additionally, we explore the impact of key system parameters on the OP’s performance. Indeed, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and target rate are the main factors affecting the outage behavior of users on the ground. We identify certain conditions necessary to achieve improved performance by controlling key system parameters. Furthermore, this paper provides guidelines for designing cognitive radio (CR) systems in satellite configurations to meet the quality requirements of received signals on the ground. The analysis results are validated through Monte Carlo simulations implemented using MATLAB.<strong></strong></p>

Dynamic channel selection based on vertical sensitivities for the assimilation of FY‐4A geostationary interferometric infrared sounder targeted observations

AbstractTarget observations have garnered significant attention owing to their successful applications in enhancing forecasting skills of extreme weather events, particularly tropical cyclone (TC) events. The key step of implementing target observation is to determine the sensitive area in advance. Previous studies often obtained the sensitive areas for TC forecasting by vertically integrating the energy of optimal perturbation and taking the horizontal area of large energy, in an attempt to use it to represent roughly the sensitivity of the whole atmospheric layer. The advent of the geostationary interferometric infrared sounder on the FY‐4A satellite and then corresponding satellite data assimilation have opened up a new possibility for identifying the vertical sensitivity for TC forecasting to improve the forecasting skill. This article proposes a targeting satellite channel (TSC) approach to accurately capture the sensitivity along vertical directions of the atmosphere that allows one to preferentially select the channels whose observations locate on the sensitive vertical atmospheric layers. Numerical experiments demonstrate that, when preferentially assimilating the channel observations obtained from the TSC approach, the TC tracks achieve a considerably smaller forecast error than the information entropy channel selection approach. The TSC approach, therefore, has the potential for the satellite data assimilation to improve TC track forecasting skill very effectively, which can also provide guidance to targeting observations in field campaigns for TC forecasting.

The Use of Television Visual Technologies in Presenting Terrorism

Abstract This study examines how RT Arabic and Sky News Arabia channels present the news about ISIS through their newscasts; revealing the visual technologies these networks adopted in covering ISIS. This study centers its analysis on a sample of news stories solely about ISIS in two international news networks, RT Arabic and Sky News Arabia as broadcast on their satellite channels and their websites from the period 2014 to 2017. The study found that among the eleven different types of newsroom visual technologies identified in the study, both channels relied on graphs most frequently to present ISIS news visually. However, unlike Sky News Arabia, RT Arabic employed limited usage of visual technology to cover the brutality and violent acts of ISIS in its coverage.

Prevalence of COVID-19 among high school teachers in Erbil city

Background and objective: An outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Cases of epidemic pneumonia have been linked to the Huanan Seafood Market; thus, it has been dubbed the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The global spread of thousands of deaths from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led the WHO to declare a pandemic on March 12, 2020. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of COVID-19 disease and vaccination coverage among public preparatory school teachers in Erbil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the target group of 772 teachers in 76 public preparatory schools. The study population was 3157 teachers, 1263 male and 1894 female, in Erbil city, from September 1, 2021, to March 30, 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews using a simple random sampling method. Results: The study sample ages ranged from 26 to 62 years; the mean age, ±standard deviation, was 40.53 ± 9.75. The prevalence rate of COVID-19 was 63.1%. Of the study samples, 58.5% received information about COVID-19 disease from social media and 23.8% from satellite channels. 68.9% of the study samples received the COVID-19 vaccine, and the majority preferred the Pfizer vaccine. Conclusion: The majority of the study samples were infected with COVID-19 disease; many of the study samples received the COVID-19 vaccine; misconceptions need further correction; an increase in updating information regarding mode of transmission; an explanation of COVID-19 disease preventive measures; raising awareness of COVID-19 vaccination; more interesting health campaigns; and using mass media and community programs to change health behavior and reduce future health consequences of COVID-19 disease.

Deep-Learning-Based ModCod Predictor for Satellite Channels

Deep-Learning-Based ModCod Predictor for Satellite Channels

News coverage of the Iraqi brain drain issue: an analytical study of the news bulletins of Al Iraqiya TV channel during the period from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022

The public today navigates a vast landscape of hundreds of satellite channels offering diverse intellectual discourse. Amidst this multitude, Al-Iraqiya Satellite Channel, the official Iraqi state broadcaster, consistently claims the top spot in viewership and engagement according to local opinion polls. The channel grapples with various issues relevant to the Iraqi public, and prominent among them is the critical phenomenon of Iraqi talent migration. It is this issue's prominence in Al-Iraqiya's news programming that drew the researcher's attention, leading to a detailed analysis of broadcast content focused on brain drain during the year 2022. This research seeks to answer the following question: How did news bulletins on Al-Iraqiya Satellite Channel address the issue of Iraqi talent migration? Employing a descriptive research approach, the researcher utilized a survey method and defined the research population as all news bulletins aired by the channel in 2022. To ensure comprehensiveness, a complete inventory sample of all bulletins addressing the brain drain phenomenon within the specified timeframe was adopted . This analysis yielded several key findings: News coverage of Iraqi talent migration occupied a substantial portion of total news bulletin airtime, amounting to 70 minutes out of a total 540 minutes. The majority of the televised content addressing brain drain took the form of news segments, followed by reports, interviews, analyses, and commentaries, respectively.

The role of Iraqi satellite channels in reducing the spread of the drug phenomenon in Iraq01:57 PM

تسهم وسائل الاعلام بمختلف اشكالها في توعية المجتمع من المخاطر المحيطة به وتحاول ايجاد الحلول المناسبة، وذلك من طريق مناقشة الموضوع بشكل تحليلي ومعمق، وبعد الانتشار الكبير للقنوات التلفزيونية الفضائية في العراق. يتطلب من هذه القنوات خدمة المجتمع العراقي وان تقدم برامج ثقافية تسهم في نشر الوعي البيئي والصحي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي، وانتشرت في العراق بعد عام 2003 مشاكل كبيرة منها تجارة المخدرات وتعاطيها ؛ لذا هدف هذا البحث للتعرف على (دور القنوات الفضائية العراقية في الحد من انتشار ظاهرة المخدرات في المجتمع) واعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليل واعد استمارة استبانة وزعها على عينة مكونة من (512) فردًا من طلبة الدراسة المتوسطة والاعدادية والجامعية وعند تفريغ نتائج الاستبيان توصل الى ما يلي: ضعف تطبيق القانون بحق تجار المخدرات والمتعاطين لها. يجب دعم القوات الامنية والرقابة الشعبية من أجل السيطرة على هذه الظاهرة التي تفتك بالمجتمع. لوسائل الاعلام وخاصة القنوات الفضائية أثر بارز في الحد من انتشار المخدرات. معالجة الفقر والتفكك الاسري؛ لأنها احد العوامل التي تشجع على انتشار ظاهرة المخدرات. بعض القنوات العراقية الفضائية لم تسهم في انتاج برامج تعالج مشاكل المخدرات. هذا وختم البحث بالتوصيات والمقترحات وقائمة المصادر.