Sasang Constitution Research Articles

Physiome and Sasang Constitutional Medicine

Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) is a traditional Korean form of medicine widely used in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease. This paper reviews the main aspects of SCM and "physiome" with emphasis on integrative and holistic characteristics. Methodological and physiological aspects of SCM are summarized with reference to existing studies. The main characteristics of SCM, such as the four physical constitutions and diagnostic methods, are introduced. Moreover, physiome and systems medicine are introduced as plausible candidates for integrative medicine and are compared to reductionism-based molecular biology. We also discuss the conceptual similarity of SCM with predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) medicine. It is emphasized that the integrative and creative combination of SCM and physiome will unlock a new era of holistic medicine.

The discriminant analysis about the Sasang constitution on physical fitness

The discriminant analysis about the Sasang constitution on physical fitness

A validation study on Sasang constitutions and genetic influences

A validation study on Sasang constitutions and genetic influences

A study on the different prevalence of chronic diseases according to Sasang constitution

Focus on Alternative and Complementary TherapiesVolume 12, Issue s1 p. 28-28 A study on the different prevalence of chronic diseases according to Sasang constitution ES Jang, ES Jang Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 461–24, South Korea, E-mail: esjang@kiom.re.krSearch for more papers by this authorHJ Kim, HJ Kim Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 461–24, South Korea, E-mail: esjang@kiom.re.krSearch for more papers by this authorSW Lee, SW Lee Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 461–24, South Korea, E-mail: esjang@kiom.re.krSearch for more papers by this author ES Jang, ES Jang Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 461–24, South Korea, E-mail: esjang@kiom.re.krSearch for more papers by this authorHJ Kim, HJ Kim Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 461–24, South Korea, E-mail: esjang@kiom.re.krSearch for more papers by this authorSW Lee, SW Lee Karl und Veronica Carstens-Stiftung, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 461–24, South Korea, E-mail: esjang@kiom.re.krSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2007.tb05886.xRead the full textAbout ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume12, Issues1December 2007Pages 28-28 RelatedInformation

뇌경새(腦梗塞) 환자(患者)와 건강인(健康人)의 맥상(脈象)과 사상체질(四象體質)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

This study was performed to determine whether a pulse analyzer was useful 1) to characterize the variables of pulse wave of cerebral infarction patieno (CI), compared with those of healthy subjects, as well as 2) to determine Sasang Constitution in CI and healthy subjects. 1. Calibrated in Gwan, the amount of energy(Energy), height of main peak(H1), height of aorticvalley(H2), height of aortic peak(H3), total area of pulse wave(At), and area of main peak width(Aw) of the CI group were higher than those of the healthy group. 2. Calibrated in Cheek, Energy, H1, H2, H3, height of valve valley(H4), At, Aw, and main peak angle(MPA) of the CI group were higher than those of the healthy group. 3. Among the healthy (subjects) group, Taeumin showed the highest contact pressure(CP) and height of valve peak(H5) calibrated in Chon. The main peak width divided by whole time of pulse wave(MPW/T) calibrated in Gwan and Cheok, was highest in Soyangin and was lowest in Taeumin. The H3 divided by H1(H3/H1) and the time to valve valley minus the time to main peak and divided by T[(T4-T1)/T] calibrated in Cheek were highest in Soyangin. The time to main peak(T1) was longest in Soumin. 4. Among the CI group, At calibrated in Chon was widest in Taeumin and was narrowest in Soumin The time to aortic peak(T3) calibrated in Cheek was longest in Soumin and was shortest in Soyangin. The time to valve peak(T5) was shortest in Soyangin. 5. There were main effects of cerebral infarction in the area of systolic period(As) and area of diastolic period(Ad) calibrated in Chon, Energy calibrated in Cwan, and Energy, H1, H2, H3, (H4+H5)/Hl, and MPA calibrated in Cheek. 6. There were main effects of Sasang Constitution in (T4-T1)/T, area of systolic period(As), and Ad calibrated in Chon. 7. The interactions between the cerebral infarction and Sasang Constitution were observed in H5/H1 , T, At, As, Ad, and MPA calibrated in Chon, H4, T4, (T4-T1)/T, As, and Ad calibrated in Cwan, and 74,75, and MPW calibrated in Cheok. Therefore, we concluded that pulse analyzer was useful to determine the risk degree of cerebral infarction and Sasang Constitution.

Genetic Correlates of Chinese Medicine: in Search of A Common Language

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary MedicineVol. 13, No. 2 EditorialGenetic Correlates of Chinese Medicine: in Search of A Common LanguageHeather Zwickey and Heather C. SchiffkeHeather ZwickeySearch for more papers by this author and Heather C. SchiffkeSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:27 Mar 2007https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.7026AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail "Genetic Correlates of Chinese Medicine: in Search of A Common Language." , 13(2), pp. 183–184FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySmall talk is a big deal: A discursive analysis of online off-topic doctor-patient interaction in Traditional Chinese MedicineSocial Science & Medicine, Vol. 317Understanding the Co-construction of Medical Consultations in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Discourse Structural Analysis2 June 2020Der Blick über den Tellerrand – Fünf mutige Beispiele10 March 2015Pathways Involved in Sasang Constitution from Genome-Wide Analysis in a Korean Population Bu-Yeo Kim, Sung-Gon Yu, Jong-Yeol Kim, and Kwang Hoon Song15 November 2012 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 18, No. 11Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Sasang Constitution in the Korean Population Bu-Yeo Kim, Hee-Jeong Jin, and Jong Yeol Kim15 March 2012 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 18, No. 3Der Blick über den Tellerrand ‒ Fünf mutige BeispieleGenome-Wide Association Study of the Four-Constitution Medicine Chang Shik Yin, Hi Joon Park, Joo-Ho Chung, Hye-Jung Lee, and Byung-Cheol Lee15 December 2009 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 15, No. 12Genetic Approach to Elucidation of Sasang Constitutional MedicineEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 6, No. s1Ayurvedic Genomics: Establishing a Genetic Basis for Mind–Body Typologies Bhushan Patwardhan and Gerard Bodeker19 June 2008 | The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Vol. 14, No. 5Der Blick über den Tellerrand — Fünf mutige Beispiele Volume 13Issue 2Mar 2007 InformationMary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Heather Zwickey and Heather C. Schiffke.Genetic Correlates of Chinese Medicine: in Search of A Common Language.The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.Mar 2007.183-184.http://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.7026Published in Volume: 13 Issue 2: March 27, 2007PDF download

Sasangin Diagnosis Questionnaire: Test of Reliability

The concept of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) has been in existence in Traditional Korean Medicine for more than 100 years. It is of great importance that the Sasang constitution type be determined accurately before any therapeutic treatment. Reliability analyse were carried out to evaluate the Sasangin Diagnosis Questionnaire (SDQ). The data were collected through multi-center research in collaboration with the Departments of SCM in the nine Korean Colleges of Oriental Medicine. The internal consistency test and the test-retest method were applied in the reliability analysis. The test-retest data of 88 respondents were used to analyze the reliability. The internal consistency reliability analysis was carried out using the data collected from 423 respondents. The test-retest reliability was examined using the Pearson's correlation coefficients, which ranged from 0.44 to 0.74. The chi-square test results showed that there were five independent items in the retest that demanded careful attention. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that all items were acceptable. All the categories of SDQ can be accepted as being reliable scales.

건강과 질병치료 효능 증진을 위한 한방영양과 현대영양관리의 비교

Good health and longevity are the goal of human beings. Dietary treatment for the improvement of health and chronic diseases therapy has been occupied an important position in Oriental and Western medicine. In this paper, the viewpoints of dietary treatment in Oriental and Western medicine were compared. The principle of Yin-Yang and five elements, as a standing rule that establishes the theory of Oriental medicine and origin of the oriental philosophy, it provides the based of the Oriental medicine's outlook of the world. The principles of dietary treatment in Oriental medicine was reasonable combination of food, balance of Oh-Mi and temperance of food. Nutritional therapy in Oriental medicine has done the phase of Bian Zheng by individual characteristics. The theory of Yin-Yang and five elements, Ki-Mi, Sasang Constitution Medicine and Kyi-Kyung were obviously recognized the theory of nutrition therapeutics in Oriental medicine. In Western medicine, dietary treatment supplies individuals with a recipe of calorie and specific nutrients. The Food Exchange System was very convenient way of practice in nutrition therapy. But each of dietary treatment in Oriental and Western nutrition has strong and week points. So we need to study enough materials to treatment of Oriental nutrition and Western nutrition for the improvement of health and chronic diseases therapy.

INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST GENE POLYMORPHISM AND TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION IN OBESE WOMEN

Cytokines appear to be the major regulators of adipose tissue metabolism. Interleukin- 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) serum levels are increased in human obesity, and are under strong genetic control. The hypothesis was tested that the IL-1ra gene might be a candidate for obesity. Furthermore, the relationship was investigated between Sasang constitution and IL-1ra polymorphism. The frequency of a penta-allelic 86-bp tandem repeat (VNTR) in the intron 2 of IL-1ra gene in 67 lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2), 133 overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and 61 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) otherwise healthy Korean subjects was investigated. Total fat mass and percentage body fat were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were discriminated into four types by QSCC II program as well as clinical data (weight, height, blood pressure, etc.); Teaeumin, Taeyangin, Soyangin, and Soeumin. Genomic DNA was extracted and used for polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping of IL-1ra. The genotypic, or allelic distribution did not differ markedly between the three groups. The relative risk of being obese in comparison with lean was twofold increased in allele 2 carriers, although it was not statistically significant. Carriers of the allele 2 did not show a significant difference in physical and clinical characteristics. However, the relative risk of being obese in comparison with lean was increased in Taeumin subjects (p = .050), and so was in IL-1ra A2- carriers (p = .047). No relationship was found between the IL-1ra polymorphism and BMI in Korean women, but the authors first attempted to find an association among IL-1ra polymorphism, obesity, and Sasang constitution.

A relationship between Stroke and Sasang Constitution in Korean

Experts of Sasang Constitution Medicine of Traditional Korean Medicine have classified stroke patients with four types of Sasang constitutions in their clinical practice and some types of Sasang constitutions have been regarded as risk factors of stroke, but this is uncertain because there were no evidences by large scale of prospective studies. The purpose of this was to study the association between strokes and Sasang constitutions. Case-control study has been conducted to the patients admitted to the research hospitals. The patients were confirmed stroke by brain MRI or CT scans and recruited from May 2003 to August 2005. The subjects who met the requirement of inclusion and exclusion criteria were 108 patients as the cases and 107 as healthy controls. Data collection has been performed by the trained specialists majoring neurologists through interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory testes. No statistical significance was obtained between the strokes and Sasang constitutions, yet Taeumin, and Soyangin types showed a trend of increase in the incidence of strokes as compared with Soeumin. To acquire more concrete data on this theme, we need further and large scale of prospective researches.

Menstrual cycle and Yin–Yang in healthy nursing college students

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between several menstrual characteristics and Yin-Yang, using the traditional Korean Sasang typology in 565 female college students. Using the questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification, which consists of 121 forced-choice items, subjects were classified into three groups: So-Yang (small Yang, n=194), Tae-Eum (large Yin, n=164) and So-Eum (small Yin, n=207). Tae-Eum-type subjects showed significantly higher body mass index (BMI) values than other types. There was also a significant difference in menstrual duration between the Tae-Eum and So-Eum groups. However, there were no differences in the cycle or pattern of menstruation, or in the amount of menstrual blood among the groups. There were also no significant differences in the menstrual variables between Yin and Yang subjects. In conclusion, our results regarding the relationship between menstrual cycle and Yin-Yang types are inconsistent with traditional theory. However, this study shows that menstrual duration and BMI differ significantly among Sasang types.

Candidate genes of cerebral infarction and traditional classification in Koreans with cerebral infarction

Sasang constitutional medicine is a major branch of Korean traditional Oriental medicine. The differences of disease susceptibility to be shown in Sasang constitution may be due to genetic factors. Therefore, the authors examined relationship between candidate genes of cerebral infarction (CI) and Sasang constitution. The homozygous deletion allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE/DD), homozygous threonine allele of the angiotensinogen gene (AGN/TT), and the ϵ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE/ϵ4) are reported to be associated with ischemic heart disease. CI is another atherosclerotic disease; and the effects of these polymorphisms on CI have been confusing. This study investigated whether ACE/DD, AGN/TT, and ApoE/ϵ4 genotypes are associated with CI and whether genetic risk is enhanced by Sasang constitutional classification. The authors ascertained these genotypes in patients with CI (N=211), diagnosed by brain computed tomography. Control subjects for the infarction group were randomly selected from 319 subjects matched for age, sex, and history of hypertension with patients. The ACE/DD genotype was not associated with CI. However, there was significant association between ApoE polymorphism and CI (χ2=15.089, p<.05). Furthermore, frequency of AGN/TT genotype was higher in the patients with CI than in the controls (χ2=20.072, p<.05). The frequency of T allele was 0.91 in patients and 0.82 in controls (χ2=17.237, p<.05). However, Sasang constitutional classification did not increase the relative risk for CI in the subjects with ApoE/ϵ4 or AGN/T allele. These results suggest that ApoE and AGN polymorphism predict CI, but Sasang constitutional classification does not enhance the risk for CI associated with ApoE/ϵ4 or AGN/TT in a Korean population.

Association Between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Polymorphism and Sasang Constitution in Cerebral Infarction

During the last decade, a growing corpus of evidence has indicated an important role of cytokines in the development of brain damage following cerebral ischemia. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a potent immunomodulator and pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in many pathological processes. In this study, we examined whether promoter region polymorphism in the TNF-alpha gene at position -308 affects the odds of cerebral infarction (CI) and whether genetic risk is enhanced by Sasang constitutional classification. Two hundred and twelve CI patients and 610 healthy controls were genotyped and determined according to Sasang constitutional classification. A significant decrease was found for the TNF-alpha A allele in CI patients compared with controls (p = 0.033, odds ratio, OR: 0.622). However, there was no significant association between TNF-alpha polymorphism and Sasang constitution in CI patients. Our finding suggests that TNF-alpha promoter region polymorphism is responsible for susceptibility to CI in Koreans.

Life guidelines of the Sasang constitutional medicine in the management of ‘Mibyou’ in Korea

‘Mibyou’ is taken as a presymptomatic clinical stage between the healthy and ill status. In Korea, Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) provides life guidelines for each of the constitutional types, and these guidelines have been adopted in the management of ‘Mibyou.’ The SCM claims that human constitutions are classified into four constitutional types and those are Tae‐yang, Tae‐eum, So‐yang, and So‐eum type. Tae‐yang type is recommended to be diligent, calm down, and be gentle. Fresh and plain foods such as marine products and vegetables are desirable for this type. Tae‐eum type is recommended to try to be outgoing. Foods with animal and bean protein are recommended for Tae‐eum type. So‐yang type is recommended to be patient. Fresh and cold foods such as vegetables and marine products are good for this type. So‐eum type is recommended to be positive and active. The suitable foods for So‐eum type are warm ‘Qi’ foods or foods which are easy to digest. In conclusion, there is a recent trend to manage ‘Mibyou’ by controlling the individual's behaviors, exercise, and diet according to the life guidelines suggested by the SCM in Korea. This has proven highly effective in preventing the diseases each constitution type can easily suffer.

Gene-gene interaction in cerebral infarction patients: Relationship between apolipopreotein E gene polymorphism and Sasang-constitution

Sasang Constitutional Medicine is a major branch of Korean Traditional Oriental Medicine. The differences of disease susceptibility to be shown in Sasang constitution may be due to genetic factors. Therefore, we examined interrelationship among cerebral infarction (CI), apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism, and Sasang constitutional classification. ApoE is a key protein modulating the highly atherogenic apoB containing lipoproteins and is a candidate gene for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The <TEX>${\varepsilon}2\;and/or\;{\varepsilon}4$</TEX> alleles were the first to be implicated in premature CAD, which resulted in this polymorphism being extensively studied. We investigated the association between apoE genotype and CI by case-control study in a Korean population. We also classified CI patients and control group into groups according to Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 196 CI patients and 379 controls without CI were examined. ApoE genotype was determined by 8% polyacrylamide gel separation after DNA amplification. A significant difference in the apoE genotype distribution was observed in the CI patients compared with that in controls (<TEX>$X^{2}$</TEX>=14.920, df=4, P=0.005). Also, the frequency of Taeumin constitution in patients with CI was significantly higher than that in controls (58.0% vs. 36.9%; P<0.001). However, the Taeumin constitution did not enhance the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apoE <TEX>${\varepsilon}2\;and/or\;{\varepsilon}4$</TEX> alleles. No differences in the apoE genotypes frequencies were observed in the Taeumin compared with that in the other constitutions. In addition, we investigated whether the DD genotype of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, a candidate gene for CI, was associated with CI, Taeumin constitution, and apoE polymorphism. As a result, the frequency of Taeumin constitution was significantly higher in CI patients with both apoE <TEX>${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$</TEX> and ACE ID/DD genotypes than in the remaining Sasang constitutions (14.5% vs. 8.3% and 0%) (<TEX>$X^{2}$</TEX>=13.521, df=6, P=0.035). In summary, we concluded that the apoE polymorphism is a major risk factor for CI in Koreans and the ACE ID/DD genotype enhanced the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apoE <TEX>${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$</TEX> genotype and Taeumin constitution.

Related Factors with Sa-Sang Constitution(International Conference on Mind Body Science : Physical and Physiological Approach joint with The Eighteenth Symposium on Life Information Science)

Related Factors with Sa-Sang Constitution(International Conference on Mind Body Science : Physical and Physiological Approach joint with The Eighteenth Symposium on Life Information Science)

The Effects of Step Aerobics on the Physique and Health-related Fitness in the Middle School Girl's Sasang Constitution

The Effects of Step Aerobics on the Physique and Health-related Fitness in the Middle School Girl's Sasang Constitution

사상체질병증(四象體質病症)과 맥진(脈診)의 상관성(相關性)에 대(對)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation Among Sasang Constitutional Disease and Examination of the pulse. I have gone over literatures of mainly Dongyi Soose Bowon and the others Oriental Medical book was studied about the Pulse Diagnosis. And then I came to get some conclusion as follows. 1. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage symptoms of wulkwang disease(울광증) ; when the Superficial Pulse and the Superficial+ Moderate Pulse is made a diagnosis, Ceongunggyegitang(천궁계지탕) and Gunggyuhyangsosan(궁귀향소산) can be used. 2. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage blood disease symptoms of wulkwang disease(울광증) ; when the Minute+deep Pulse is made a diagnosis, Palmulgnnjatang(팔물군자탕) and Guakhyanggeonggisan(곽향정기산) can be used. 3. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage symptoms of mangyang disease(망양증) ; when the Yang region Superficial Pulse and the Yin region Weak Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hwanggigyegitang(황기계지탕), Bojungikgitang(보증익기탕) and Sengyangikgitang(승양익기탕) can be used. 4. Soeumin(소음인) the symptoms of taeum disease(태음증) ; when the Minute Pulse and Deep+Thin Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 5. Soeumin(소음인) the symptoms of soeum disease(소음증) ; when the Minute+Thin Pulse, Deep Pulse and Thin+Deep+Rapid Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 6. Soyangin(소양인) Wind of soyang disease(소양상풍증) ; when the Superficial+Tight Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbangpaedogsan(형방패독산) can be used. And when the Deep+Full with strong power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hyungbangdojeoksan(형방도적산) can be used. 7. Soyangin(소양인) the symptoms of mangyeum disease(망음증) ; when the Superficial+Large+Rapid Pulse and Flood+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbangsabaeksan(형방사백산) can be used. And when the Wiry+Thin Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbanggiwhangtang(형방지황탕) can be used. 8. Soyangin(소양인) the chest-phrenic fever syndrome(흉격열증) ; when the Superficial Pulse, Flood+Full+Rapid Pulse and Flood+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 9. Soyangin(소양인) the after fever syndrome(음허오열증) ; when the Empty+Soft+Rapid Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 10. Taeumin(태음인) the upper neck exterior disease caused by Cold(배추표병) ; when the Superficial and Superficial+Tight Pulse is made a diagnosis, Mawhangbalpoytang(마황발표탕) can be used, And when the Superficial and Superficial+Tight with strong power on left hand Pulse is made a diagnosis, Ungdamsan(웅담산) and Handayulsotang(한다열소탕) can be used. 11. Taeumin(태음인) the Coldness syndrome in esophagus(위완한증) ; when the Superficial+Tight Pulse with weak power on left hand Pulse is made a diagnosis, Taeumjowetang(태음조위탕) can be used. 12. Taeumin(태음인) the Dryness-Heat syndrome(조열증) ; when the Flood+Large Pulse, Long Pulse and Long+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Galgeunhaegitang(갈근해기탕) can be used. And when the Tight+Full+Rapid Pulse with deep region is made a diagnosis, Yuldahansotang(열다한소탕) can be used. And when the Superficial+Slippery Pulse is made a diagnosis, Chungsimyunjatang(청심연자탕) can be used. 13. Taeumin(태음인) the symptoms of Yin-blood Exhaustion(음혈모갈증) ; when the Superficial with weak power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Nokyongdaebotang(녹용대보탕) can be used. And when the Deep with weak power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Gongjinheukwondan(공진흑원단) can be used. 14. Taeyangin(태양인) a slight Lumbar vertebrae disease(외감경증) ; when the Superficial+Hollow Pulse is made a diagnosis, Gunshitang(건시탕) can be used. 15. Taeyangin(태양인) the Generalized and Fatigue syndrome(해역증) ; when the Moderate+Choppy Pulse with left hand chi region(척맥) is made a diagnosis, Ogapijangchuktang(오가피장척탕) can be used. 16. Taeyangin(태양인) a slight Small Intestine disease(내촉경증)

사상체질형태에 따른 여대생의 식습관

사상의학에 대한 인지도는 조사대상자의 50% 정도였으며, 체질비율은 전체적으로 태음인이 51.6%로 가장 높았고 소양인은 33.0%, 소음인은 15.4%였으며 태양인은 한명도 없었다. 체질별 체형만족도에서는 체중, 신장, BMI 수치가 가장 높았던 태음인의 만족도가 가장 낮았으며 이는 체형관심도가 태음인이 가장 높게 나타나는 것과 연관성을 보였다. 식생활태도에서는 태음인, 소양인에 비해 소음인이 음식을 적당히 먹는 편이었으며, 음식을 먹는 속도에 있어서도 태음인, 소양인에 비해 소음인은 천천히 먹는 편이었다. 스트레스시 식사량에는 태음인이 가장 큰 영향을 받았고 소음인은 영향을 덜 받는편이었다. 맛의 선호도에서는 태음인과 소양인은 매운맛에 대한 선호도가 높았고, 소음인은 단맛에 대한 선호도가 높았다. 전체적으로는 매운맛에 대한 선호도가 가장 높았으며 신맛과 짠맛에 대한 선호도는 비교적 낮았다. 체질별 식품기호도는 육류에서 p＜0.01의 유의차를 보였으며 소양인의 육류 기호도가 가장 높았고 소음인은 육류에 대한 기호도가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과에서 사상체질과 식생활태도에서는 문헌에 기재된 내용과 일치하는 항목이 많았는데, 이는 체질별로 식생활을 개선시키는데 참고가 되리라보며, 식품기호도에서는 체질간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았는데 이는 단일식품이 아닌 큰 범주의 식품군으로 보았기 때문으로 사료된다.

Upper Face Characteristics According to the Sa-sang Constitution

Upper Face Characteristics According to the Sa-sang Constitution