The influence of the lipid fraction from the aqueous EtOH extract of brown seaweed Sargassum pallidum thallus and the commercial reference drug Essentiale® on the physiological characteristics of rat erythrocytes and the lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes after CCl4-induced toxic injury was studied. CCl4 intoxication (50% solution in olive oil, s.c., 2 mL/kg for 4 d) was associated with changes of all studied physiological and biochemical erythrocyte parameters that did not return to normal after withdrawing the toxicant. Intragastric administration to rats through a probe of the lipid fraction from S. pallidum extract at a dose of 80 mg of total lipids per kg of mass for 7 d after CCl4 intoxication gave membrane protection that manifested as a restoration of the characteristic erythrocyte dimensions (average volume and diameter), extension of the threshold to their hemolysis stability, and retention of the lipid constituent ratio in the membrane. The lipid fraction from brown seaweed S. pallidum was comparable to Essentiale® for restoring erythrocyte physiological characteristics and the lipid composition of their membranes after CCl4-induced damage. The pronounced protective effect of the S. pallidum lipid fraction for repairing erythrocyte membranes was evidently determined by the combined action of the marine lipids in it.