肉瘤样癌是一种形态学和免疫组织化学显示上皮和间叶分化的、少见的恶性肿瘤,有关其名称、病理诊断标准和组织发生尚有争议[1-4].膀胱肉瘤样癌非常少见,目前文献中大多为病例报道.虽然膀胱肉瘤样癌很早就被病理医师所认识,但对其进行的合适分类所达成的共识以及对其来源的阐明却是最近研究结果.我们主要就膀胱肉瘤样癌的名称分类、组织发生、临床病理学特征、免疫表型、鉴别诊断以及治疗和预后综述如下。
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