SARS In Children Research Articles

Pollen-related food allergy in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis.

IntroductionSeasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and bronchial asthma are typical manifestations of pollen-food sensitization in adults. There is limited information regarding the sensitization patterns of pollen-food allergy in children.AimTo evaluate the prevalence of SAR in children with pollen-food sensitization and assess the impact of food allergens on nasal symptoms.Material and methodsForty-three children with pollen-food sensitization aged 2–14 years were evaluated for evidence of SAR. The inclusion criteria was IgE-mediated sensitization to pollen and homologous food allergens. The control group consisted of 19 children with SAR caused by pollen without sensitization to homologous food allergens.ResultsAllergic rhinitis was the main symptom in 65.1% of children; in 25.6% an association between ingestion of pollen-related foods and nasal symptoms was observed. The simultaneous sensitization to animal origin food allergens was stated in 63.3% of children with SAR. In 25.6% anaphylactic reactions to foods were registered. 37.2% of children were asymptomatic to pollen origin foods despite pollen-food sensitization. The statistically significant differences between values were noticed in comparison to the control group.ConclusionsAllergic rhinitis is a common manifestation of pollen-food sensitization in children and this type of immunological hyperreactivity should be taken into account regardless of age. The lack of association of symptoms with plant origin foods in the majority of cases and the asymptomatic course of food sensitization in more than one third of patients indicates the need for follow-up and being careful in routine recommending the avoidance diet.

COVID-19 vaccine race: analysis of age-dependent immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 indicates that more than just one strategy may be needed.

In December 2019, a novel respiratory coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 appeared in China, causing the disease termed COVID-19 that has caused millions of infections worldwide. In this article, we have analyzed existing evidence on the immune response against SARS coronaviruses in order to understand the possible outcome of a vaccine for COVID-19. From our analysis, it becomes clear that there is a big difference in the immune response against SARS in children, young adults and the elderly, both at the innate and adaptive levels. Taking this information into account, we have studied the strategies that are being used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. We discussed the perspectives for obtention and worldwide distribution of reliable vaccines using this perspective. The conclusion is that different vaccines may be protective for different age segments within the population, depending on the strategy used for their design. Therefore, it will become necessary for several vaccines to reach the finish line, not only to ensure availability, but also to guarantee an adequate immune response at the individual level.

ОРВИ у детей. Возможные пути решения проблемы.

ОРВИ у детей. Возможные пути решения проблемы.

Perinatal HIV-infection in Sankt Petersburg and Modern Therapy Concomitant Viral Infections

The study included 338 HIV-infected children (B-23) and 350 children with perinatal contact HIV infection (R-75), consisting on the dispensary in the department of maternal and child the St. Petersburg City AIDS Center. In 32 persons (9.5%) diagnosed with secondary infections. In the structure of viral opportunistic infections (herpesvirus, SARS) amounted to 39.8%, bacterial (bronchitis, tonsillitis, pyoderma, tuberculosis) — 34.8%, fungal and parasitic (candidiasis of the oral mucosa, PCP) — 25.4 %. Combined therapy (causal, pathogenetic, symptomatic) SARS in children with B-23 and R-75, allows you to get in early (6th d. Treatment) regress the main symptoms of acute respiratory diseases. Modern therapy of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (VTSMI) in children with B-23 and R-75 of the first year of life with antitsitomegalovirusnogo immunoglobulin and preparation of human recombinant interferon alfa-2b in the form of rectal suppositories — VIFERON, causes persistent normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters.

Influence of electromagnetic polarization on the whole-body averaged SAR in children for plane-wave exposures

The present study investigated the whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (WBSAR) in an infant model with the finite-difference time-domain method. The focus of the present study is the effect of polarization of incident electromagnetic waves on the WBSAR. This is because most previous studies investigated the WBSAR for plane-wave exposure with a vertically aligned electric field. Our computational results revealed that the WBSAR for plane-wave exposure with a vertically aligned electric field is smaller than that with a horizontally aligned electric field for frequencies above 2 GHz. The main reason for this difference is attributed to be the component of the surface area perpendicular to the electric field of the incident wave.

Variation of the dielectric properties of tissues with age: the effect on the values of SAR in children when exposed to walkie–talkie devices

In vitro dielectric properties of ageing porcine tissues were measured in the frequency range of 50 MHz–20 GHz, and the total combined uncertainties of the measurements were assessed. The results show statistically significant reduction with age in both permittivity and conductivity of 10 out of 15 measured tissues. At microwave frequencies, the observed variations are mainly due to the reduction in the water content of tissues as an animal ages. The results obtained were then used to calculate the SAR values in children of age 3 and 7 years when they are exposed to RF induced by walkie–talkie devices. No significant differences between the SAR values for the children of either age or for adults were observed.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, a Pathological Immune Response to the New Coronavirus—Implications for Understanding of Pathogenesis, Therapy, Design of Vaccines, and Epidemiology

Findings coming from autopsies and serum of SARS patients suggest an important immune-inflammatory implication in the evolution to respiratory distress. Conditions such as HIV infection or treatment with immunosuppressors (in cancer or autoimmune diseases) are not among the bad prognosis factors for development of distress. To date, there have been no reported case fatalities in children, probably due to their more immature immune system. Our conclusions follow: (1) The milder form of SARS in children and the apparent protective factor that immunosupression represent rules out a significant viral cytopathic effect (they would be the most affected). (2) The evidence for immune implication in distress strongly supports immunomodulators for therapy: phosphodiesterase inhibitors (due to their down-modulating activity on proinflammatory cytokines); inhaled corticoids (aimed at producing a local immunomodulation); teophylline or nedocromil sodium (which prevents inflammatory cell recruitment into the airway wall). (3) An early immunomodulatory therapy, based on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and clinical parameters to evaluate the respiratory function such as arterial oxygen saturation, could prevent the occurrence of distress. (4) Vaccine design should consider the immune origin of distress. (5) Physicians should be aware of mildly symptomatic patients (children, immuno-compromised hosts) to avoid transmission to immunocompetent adults.

Ribavirin for SARS in children.

Ribavirin for SARS in children.