SANTA CRUZ Research Articles

Sedimentology and stratigraphic evolution of the Early Cretaceous regressive cycle at the northern edge of the Austral-Magallanes Basin, Santa cruz, Argentina

The northern edge of the Austral-Magallanes Basin in southern Patagonia (Argentina) contains a 200–300 m thick regressive section of Barremian-Aptian age. The conformably stratigraphic sequence consists of outer-shelf deposits of the Río Mayer Formation, evolving to a shallowing-upward, mixed-energy deltaic sequences of the Río Belgrano Formation, covered by fluvial deposits of the Río Tarde Formation. We evaluated their sedimentary evolution by analyzing facies, paleocurrents, stratigraphic stacking patterns, and conducting a paleohydrological study of the fluvial succession in five areas along a north-south transect. Twenty sedimentary facies were identified and grouped into six facies associations: (I) prodelta, (II) delta front, (III) delta plain, (IV) fluvial channels, (V) proximal floodplain, and (VI) distal floodplain deposits. The progradation of the depositional systems occurred from north to south, exhibiting notable temporal and spatial changes in deltaic processes and the characteristics of its feeder rivers. A funnel-shaped marine physiography controls the relative influence of tidal and storm processes in the Río Mayer and Río Belgrano formations, whereas the river-dominated nature of the deltaic deposits is associated with fluvial systems evidencing significant discharge variations in a semiarid climate. Additionally, the Río Tarde Fm. Shows spatial changes in fluvial styles, a southward reduction in i) channel sizes, ii) associated water discharge, and iii) stacking density, allowing for interpretating a distributive fluvial system. Our results indicate that the evolution of the Lower Cretaceous units was controlled by the inherited topography of previous extensional settings, with no evidence of coeval tectonic activity during their deposition. Furthermore, the completeness of the deltaic components, lack of large erosional surfaces, and negligible seaward shift of facies suggest no significant base level drops. Currently, climatic influence is manifested only by a considerable variation in river discharge of the feeder fluvial systems to the coastal environment, but further studies should reinforce its importance in the organization of the depositional systems.

Black Carbon and Particulate Matter Concentrations: Air Pollution Levels in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This research explores the concentration of black carbon (BC) in particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from ten monitoring stations in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (MRRJ), Bonsucesso (BS), Botafogo (BOT), Copacabana (COP), Gavea (GAV), Gericino (GER), Lagoa (LAG), Recreio dos Bandeirantes (REC), Santa Cruz (SC), Castelo (CAS) and Urca (URC), covering a range of pollution sources (vehicular, industrial, and residential). PM samples were collected using filter units every week from January 2018 to December 2019. Results revealed high concentrations of PM10 in BS (86 ± 22 µg m-3) and PM2.5 in REC (30 ± 11 µg m-3). Likewise, both monitoring stations exceeded the international limits. In 2019, BC in PM10 decreased in the following order: BS > CAS > GER > BOT > SC > GAV. For 2018, BC in PM2.5 decreased as follows REC > LAG > SC, while 2019 REC > GAV > LAG > COP > URC. REC and BS have industrial and commercial activities and intense vehicular traffic. During the period of study, average BC concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 were 3.3 ± 1.5 and 1.9 ± 0.70 µg m-3, respectively. These findings indicate that BC concentrations should be monitored and regulated in locations with high levels of traffic-related air pollution for offering new insights and guiding efforts to minimize emissions and enhance public health.

Clinical significance and oncogenic function of NR1H4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

BackgroundNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 (NR1H4) have been reported in various cancer types, however, little is known about the clinical values and biological function in clear cell Renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).MethodsThe expression pattens of NR1H4 in ccRCC were investigated in clinical specimens, cell lines and publicly‑available databases. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2' -deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell and cell wound healing assays were performed to assess the biological functions of NR1H4 in 786-O ccRCC cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Flow Cytometry, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of NR1H4 in ccRCC. We explored the early diagnostic value, prognostic value, genetic mutation and DNA methylation of NR1H4 by a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis based on the data published in the following databases: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Kaplan‐Meier Plotter, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ Xena (UCSC Xena), cBio Cancer Genomics Portal, MethSurv, SurvivalMeth and The University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis Portal (UALCAN). Its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in ccRCC was analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0) and Tumor Immune System Interactions Database (TISIDB).ResultsIn this study, NR1H4 was found to be highly expressed in ccRCC tissues and ccRCC cell lines. Knockdown of NR1H4 significantly suppressed cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, tumor‐associated signaling pathways were enriched in the NR1H4 overexpression group and si-NR1H4 could induce the downregulation of Cyclin E2 (CCNE2). By bioinformatics analysis, NR1H4 was identified as highly expressed in stage I ccRCC with a high diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.8). Genetic alteration and DNA methylation of NR1H4 were significantly associated with prognosis in ccRCC patients. Moreover, NR1H4 expression associated with immune cell infiltration levels in ccRCC, which provides a new idea for immunotherapy.ConclusionsOur study indicated that NR1H4 might be a potential tumor biomarker and therapeutic target for ccRCC which could promote cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion via regulating CCNE2.

Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

BackgroundUsing bioinformatic methods to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to elucidate the pathogenesis of IPF from the genetic level.MethodsThe GSE110147 gene expression profile was downloaded from the GEO database. The data of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples and normal samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. DEGs between IPF patients and healthy donors were analyzed using the GEO2R tool. Use the “clusterprofiler” package in R software to perform gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and then perform function annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction in the STRING online tool. The Genome Browser tool of the university of california santa cruz (UCSC) online website was used to predict transcription factors (TFs) of genes. In the final, the results were analyzed synthetically.ResultsA total of 9,183 DEGs were identified, of which 4,545 genes were down-regulated, and 4638 were up-regulated. MMP1, SPP1, and BPIFB1 were the top three DEGs with the highest significant up-regulation. These DEGs played an important role in the occurrence of IPF through the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway. Furthermore, 50 DEGs were enriched in the expression of PD-L1 and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, of which 11 genes were re-enriched in the pathway of non-small cell lung cancer. The expression of the 11 genes were extensively regulated by CTCFL, SP2 and ZNF341. Most of them were differentially expressed between lung cancers and normal lung tissues. The overall survival (OS) curve of LUAD were significantly stratified by AKT2, KRAS, PIK3R1, meanwhile the OS curve of LUAC was significantly stratified by MAPK3.ConclusionsBioinformatics analysis revealed that DEGs including MPP1 might be potential targets and biomarkers of IPF, and the MAPK signaling pathway is related to the occurrence and development of IPF. The development of IPF lung cancer complications may be related to the activation of genes enriched in PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway, which provides clues to the pathogenesis of IPF combined with lung cancer.

Cambios en las frecuencias de inversiones cromosómicas en poblaciones experimentales de Drosophila pseudoobscura

Se determinaron las fluctuaciones temporales en cuatro poblaciones experimentales de Drosophila pseudoobscura; a partir de cromosomas politénicos se determinaron los genotipos y frecuencias relativas durante 4-6 muestreos mensuales Poblaciones de ésta especie muestran 2-3 inversiones principales con frecuencias conjuntas del 90% del total y de 4-7 secundarias que completan la muestra. Los cambios se presentan fundamentalmente en los componentes principales, provocando oscilaciones a través del tiempo. Se obtuvieron los cambios siguientes: población Tulancingo, la inversión TL (Tree Line) pasa de 54 a 70% y su contraparte CU (Cuernavaca) de 34 a 17%. Población Zirahuén, SC (Santa Cruz) de 34 a 36%, TL de 25 a 30% y CU de 23 a 5% y de los secundarios OA (Oaxaca) de 10 a 5% y EP (Estes Park) de 3 a 12%. Población Xochimilco CU de 51 a 16%, TL de 33 a 44%, EP de 8 a 10% con un máximo intermedio de 17% y OL (Olympic) de 1 a 18%. Población Nevado de Colima SC de 65 a 45% con oscilación máxima de 74%, TL de 20 a 29% y un mínimo de 16%, OL de 5 a 17%. En general en las cuatro poblaciones el resto de las inversiones secundarias fluctuaron en promedio dos por ciento.

The Hobnail Hemangioma

Hobnail Hemangioma is a rare entity, first described by Santa cruz and Aronberg in 1988, it’s a lesion of vascular origin, probably lymphatic. The most common clinical feature is a solitary violaceous papule surrounded by a pale, thin area and a peripheral ecchymotic ring, simulating a target. We report a rare case of hobnail hemangioma.

Accumulation of CD4 and CD8 T Cells in Placenta of Malaria Infected Mice Induces the Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and Low Birth Weight (LBW) of the Fetus

Placental malaria involves the sequestration of infected erythrocytes and infiltration of monocytes, helper T cells (CD4), cytotoxic T cells (CD8) as well as T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) in placental intervillous space. These may interferes the nutrient and oxygen transport, causing placental hypoxia and insufficiency that may affect the fetal growth. This study aimed to prove whether the infiltration of lymphocytes in placental malaria mice increases the expression of HIF-1α thus causes fetal Low Birth Weight (LBW). Nine pregnant BALB/c mice that infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain on day 9 post mating were used as treatment group and 8 non infected pregnant mice were used as control group. The mice were sacrificed on day 18 post mating; then the fetus was weighed individually and the placentas were isolated separately. Expression of CD4, CD8 and HIF-1α were counted by immunohistochemistry using CD4 monoclonal Ab (Santa cruz, sc-59031 CD4) and CD 8 monoclonal Ab (NeoMarker RM-9116-S0) as well as anti-HIF-1α antibody (H1α67) ChIP Grade from Abcam. There was a higher expression of CD8, CD4 and HIF-1α in infected placenta compare to normal placenta. Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed expression CD8 and CD4 caused an increase expression of HIF-1α in placenta (t ≥1.96). Expression of HIF-1α caused low fetal weight (t ≥1.96). In placental malaria, the expression of CD4 and CD8 induce placental hypoxia characterized by increased expression of HIF-1α that causes LBW.

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Variation in metabolic rate and a test of differential sensitivity to temperature in populations of woolly sculpin (Clinocottus analis)

Variation in water temperature can have important effects on the energetics underlying metabolism, growth, and reproduction of many organisms. In order to anticipate how a species' allocation of energy may change in a warming ocean, we need to know the degree to which processes such as metabolic rate change with temperature (i.e., the thermal sensitivity of metabolism, Q10). In the context of long-term climate change, it will also be helpful to know whether local populations that experience different thermal regimes exhibit differences in thermal sensitivity. If so, it would indicate that thermal sensitivities of populations may adjust via acclimation or adaptation. We measured metabolic rates of Woolly Sculpin collected from two distant populations (Santa Cruz (SC) and Los Angeles (LA) counties, California, USA) and housed in a common environment. Using respirometry, we estimated resting mass-specific oxygen consumption (MO2) and calculated metabolic rates (MR) at temperatures of 12 °C, 16 °C, and 20 °C for 59 fish. The Q10 value across this range of temperatures was 2.92. Populations did not differ with respect to overall MO2, nor did they vary in their degree of thermal sensitivity. However, the LA population had greater variation in MO2 among individuals when compared to the SC population. Larger variation in overall MO2 among individuals within specific populations may reflect greater genetic diversity, and this may buffer some populations against the effect of future increases in water temperature.

Multiple Modes of Adaptation: Regulatory and Structural Evolution in a Small Heat Shock Protein Gene.

Thermal tolerance is a key determinant of species distribution. Despite much study, the genetic basis of adaptive evolution of thermal tolerance, including the relative contributions of transcriptional regulation versus protein evolution, remains unclear. Populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus are adapted to local thermal regimes across their broad geographic range. Upon thermal stress, adults from a heat tolerant southern population, San Diego (SD), upregulate several heat shock proteins (HSPs) to higher levels than those from a less tolerant northern population, Santa Cruz (SC). Suppression of a specific HSP, HSPB1, significantly reduces T. californicus survival following acute heat stress. Sequencing of HSPB1 revealed population specific nucleotide substitutions in both promoter and coding regions of the gene. HSPB1 promoters from heat tolerant populations contain two canonical heat shock elements (HSEs), the binding sites for heat shock transcription factor (HSF), whereas less tolerant populations have mutations in these conserved motifs. Allele specific expression of HSPB1 in F1 hybrids between tolerant and less tolerant populations showed significantly biased expression favoring alleles from tolerant populations and supporting the adaptive divergence in these cis-regulatory variants. The functional impact of population-specific nonsynonymous substitutions in HSPB1 coding sequences was tested by assessing the thermal stabilization properties of SD versus SC HSPB1 protein variants. Recombinant HSPB1 from the southern SD population showed greater capacity for protecting protein structure under elevated temperature. Our results indicate that both regulatory and protein coding sequence evolution within a single gene appear to contribute to thermal tolerance phenotypes and local adaptation among conspecific populations.

The Many Lives of Justiniano Roxas: The Centenarian Fantasy in American History and Memory

The Many Lives of Justiniano Roxas:The Centenarian Fantasy in American History and Memory Boyd Cothran (bio) and Martin Rizzo (bio) SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA. December 1873. The sweet smell of burning redwood met the visitors as they entered the small apartment. The last rays of the winter solstice shone through the window, casting gossamer shadows across the bare pine floor. Earlier that morning, the old man had attended mass at the Holy Cross Church, one of the original twenty-one California missions. But on this cool afternoon, the elderly Justiniano Roxas sat on the floor of his twelve-by-six-foot suite at the county hospital on Mission Hill. He huddled close to the fire, surrounded by chopped wood, and he sewed a patch onto his coat.1 Residents of the central California coastal village of Santa Cruz had known of Roxas for some time. A recent illness had forced him to seek the aid of the Sisters of Charity, who, for their own reasons, took on his care, placing him in the county hospital, which they managed. Roxas received a room, a warm fire, and regular access to food and tea. And then the sisters informed the local newspaper of their benevolence. The Sisters of Charity had saved "the oldest living inhabitant on the face of the globe!" they said. He was, they claimed, 121 years old and "the last of his race."2 The Santa Cruz Sentinel sent a reporter to interview Roxas. But when the reporter entered the room, Roxas remained quiet. The parish priest of Santa Cruz, Father Joaquin Adam, accompanied the reporter. He approached the elderly man and placed his hand upon his shoulder. He might have whispered, "Mi hijo, tienes invitados." With a jerk, the old man woke from his thoughts and, according to the reporter, "looked around and commenced jabbering in Spanish to the Father—shaking his head at every word." The reporter was convinced that the Indian, hoary and frail, was aged. But could he really be 121 years old? To prove the sisters' claim, Father Adam produced the mission's baptismal record and translated it for the reporter. As the Sentinel later reported, the entry read: "On the 4th of March, of 1792, in this church of the Mission of Santa Cruz, I [Father Isidro Salazar] solemnly baptized a man of about 40 years belonging to a ranch, who I name Justiniano Roxas now." The man who was described in the baptismal record and the [End Page 168] man who was in the Santa Cruz hospital were, the newspaper declared, one and the same. "The testimony on this point is conclusive," it reported. In the early 1870s Santa Cruz was gaining a reputation for being a healthy town. Local boosters claimed that its "benign" climate extended life and rejuvenated the infirm. The survival of Justiniano Roxas, they now began to boast, was living proof.3 This article is the story of that old man in the county hospital. It is part archival mystery and part methodological essay. As a self-reflective examination of a joint scholarly endeavor, it is a story about how two historians worked together to unearth and discover the tale of an Indigenous man whose true-life story is far more interesting than any fictional account. But it is also a meditation on the meaning of Indigenous survival in California history. In a state notorious for its history of genocide and renowned for its famous "last" Indians, unexpected stories of survival remain hidden in plain sight. This article, then, is about what can be gained from reconstructing, piece by piece, the lives of those individuals who claimed to be centenarians. It is also about what can be gained when historians work together to look beyond the fantastical headlines and invest the time and energy necessary to understand the real person behind these fantasies. This is the story of the many lives of Justiniano Roxas. ________ The story of Justiniano Roxas begins with a critical engagement with Jean O'Brien's concept of "lasting" as an analytical lens. In basic terms, "lasting" describes a practice among nineteenth-century New Englanders, especially antiquarians and local community leaders, of marking the...

Far Upstream Element-Binding Protein 1 Facilitates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invasion and Metastasis

Objective: To identify the role of FUBP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, invasion and metastasis. Methods: The expression and clinical significance of FUBP1 in HCC was analyzed by university of California santa cruz (UCSC) Xena online bioinformatics analysis tool and TMA from 451 HCC patients who underwent surgery that removed the primary tumor. CD45-EpCam circulating tumor cell was analyzed by CellSearchTM system. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies for FUBP1 were performed by implementing lentivirus infection system. HCC cell proliferation, migration and long term survival were measured by CCK-8, transwell assay and clone formation test respectively. The effect of tumor cell growth in vivo was measured by using tumor xenograft mice. Results: mRNA expression level of FUBP1 is higher in HCC tumors compared to adjacent normal liver tissue. Statistical analysis shows that higher expression of FUBP1 is related with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection background and often with microvascular invasion. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly shorter median TTR (Time to Recurrence) and overall survival (OS) in patients with high FUBP1 compared with those patients with low FUBP1. The 2-year and 5-year recurrence rate is higher, corresponding with lower OS, in patients with high FUBP1 expression than low FUBP1. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that FUBP expression level was an independent indicator for both TTR and OS. In addition, FUBP1 expression in tumors positively correlated with the percentage of CD45-EpCam circulating tumor cell in blood before operation. Overexpression of FUBP1 enhances HCC proliferation, invasion and metastasis. By using shRNAs to deplete FUBP1 expression, HCC cells displayed decreased cell proliferation, soft-agar growth and invasion. In contrast, FUBP1 overexpression promotes primary tumor growth and lung metastasis. qPCR and Western Blot confirmed that the FUBP1 overexpression induces upregulation of N-cadherin and Vimentin whereas inhibiting E-cadherin, important epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. By performing gene expression profiling, we identified that FUBP1 activates the TGF-β/smad pathway through promoting the expression of THBS1 (Thrombospondin-1, TSP-1). LSKL (Peptide antagonist of Thrombospondin-1) could inhibit HCC proliferation and invasion in vitro and vivo through blocking activation of TGF-β/smad pathway mediated by THBS1. Conclusions: High level of FUBP1 in HCC predicts poor prognosis after surgery. Overexpression of FUBP1 promotes HCC proliferation, invasion and metastasis, at least partially through enriching the generation of CTCs by activates TGF-I²/smad pathway and enhancing EMT in vitro and vivo. LSKL could inhibit HCC proliferation and invasion in vitro and vivo through blocking activation of TGF-β/smad pathway mediated by THBS1. Funding: National Science and Technology Major Project (2013ZX10002011-004, 2018ZX10203204-006-002). National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC0902400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81572823, 81572884). Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: This study was approved by the Clinical Trail Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital and all other four clinical centers. Approval for research protocol and use of human subjects was obtained from the research ethics committee of Zhongshan Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from each patient.

Effectiveness of a fuel-efficient cookstove in the reduction of perceived respiratory symptoms among mothers in selected households of purok 6 in brgy santa cruz, sto tomas, Batangas: A quasi-experimental study

Background: There is a growing burden of indoor air pollution (IAP) in the Philippines. Indoor cooking with solid biomass fuels is a daily practice in 30% of poor Filipino households, contributing to a 76% accruable burden of respiratory diseases. An estimated 57% of the population with incomes under Php 5,000 will be vulnerable to exposure and have the poorest access to healthcare, making access to IAP-reducing interventions vital. This project aimed to determine the efficacy of a locally produced fuel efficient stove (FES) design in reducing exposure risk and perceived respiratory health conditions in mothers in households in a rural district in Batangas. Methods: Efficiency and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions of the FES were compared with traditional three-stone fire (TSF) stoves in the community. Participants answered an abridged questionnaire on perceived respiratory health. Findings: The laboratory test for stove efficiency showed that the FES boiled water 43% faster, consumed 28% less wood per minute, heated 60% more water per gram of wood, and transmitted 171% more heat to the pot compared to the TSF. The FES significantly reduced 73% CO emissions. Continued usage of the FES did not significantly decrease the symptoms within the study duration but is expected to lead to better health outcomes in the future. Interpretation: With the eventual transfer of technology for livelihood to the community, the project is perceived to be a sustainable venture that has the potential to lower exposure risk and improve health outcomes in the future. Funding: None. Contributors: BJEA, ZHA, RBDJ, MEE, KAL, JBMR, and LVS were involved in conducting the entire study. Thesis adviser MHTDC assisted the researchers in this study. Conflicts of interest: We declare that we have no conflicts of interest.

Abstract 2209: Characterization of FABP5 antibodies in prostate

Abstract FABP5, a member of a family of small proteins (~15 kDa) that transport lipids, is emerging as an important biomarker because it is differentially expressed in prostate cancers (PrCa) compared to uninvolved prostate glands and lipids are important to the progression of prostate cancer. This study was to select an antibody (Ab) for use in immunostaining (IHC) FABP5 in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue and also an Ab for use in Western blotting (WB). A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) clone A9 to FABP5 from Santa Cruz (SC) Biotechnology, Inc. and a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) to FABP5 from Abcam (AB) (cat. # ab37267) were tested. Six prostate cell lines (PC3, DU145, 22Rv1, MDA PCa 2b, LNCaP, and normal primary prostate epithelial cells (NH Pri Pro) were used to study protein and mRNA levels of FABP5. Protein expression of FABP5 was determined by WB of whole cell lysates as well as cytoplasmic and nuclear lysates. GAPDH, a “housekeeping” gene expressed at similar levels in most types of cells, was used as a loading control for WB. Cells from the six prostate cells lines also were embedded in HistoGel, processed to FFPE and immunostained. The prostate cells were transfected with FABP5 siRNA for WB with aliquots of the transfected prostate cells processed to FFPE. qrtPCR was performed to measure mRNA levels. The expression of whole cell lysates on WB probed with the AB pAb to FABP5 was NH Pri Pro > PC3 > DU145 > 22Rv1 >> MDA PCa 2b > LNCaP compared to NH-Pri Pro > PC3 > DU145 > 22Rv1 when probed with the SC mAb. WB of the cytoplasmic fractions from each cell line has a similar pattern. In HistoGel sections immunostained with AB pAb, the FABP5 cytoplasmic expression was PC3 > DU145 > 22Rv1 > MDA PCa 2b > NH Pri Pro >> LNCaP. These levels of expression among the cell lines followed a similar trend in evaluation of immunostaining of cell membranes, nuclear, and the perinuclear area. In HistoGel sections immunostained with SC mAb, the FABP5 expression was PC3 > DU145 with weak signals in 22Rv1 > MDA PCa 2b > NH Pri Pro >> LNCaP. A recombinant blocking peptide (RBP) to FABP5 strongly inhibited the immunostaining with the antibodies to FABP5 in FFPE sections from archival radical prostatectomy specimens. This RBP is the same sequence as the peptide used to produce the AB antibody. No RBP to FABP5 was available from SC. Incubation with the RBP strongly inhibited the extent of immunostaining with FABP5 SC mAb. Similarly, immunostaining of the 6 cell lines with the AB pAb following incubation with RBP strongly inhibited staining. In analysis of mRNA levels, the expression of FABP5 was PC3 > 22Rv1 > > DU145 > MDA PCa 2b >> LNCaP. We demonstrated by siRNA and the use of a RBP that both these antibodies are specific and sensitive for detecting FABP5 by immunostaining but the AB Ab is more useful for WB. These results are presented with the IHC of FABP5 in normal and uninvolved prostate glands in PrCa. Citation Format: Dennis A. Otali, Denise K. Oelschlager, James Kearns, Sandra M. Gaston, William E. Grizzle. Characterization of FABP5 antibodies in prostate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2209. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2209

Abstract TP84: Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of Sirt3 in Post Ischemic Injury

Background: Sirtuin3 (Sirt3), NAD+-dependent deacetylase, regulates several key proteins in both mitochondria and nucleus. The majority of early studies have shown neuroprotective effects of Sirt3 activation in various models of CNS injury. Recently, it was found that genetic loss of Sirt3 is beneficial in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effects of both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Sirt3 in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model of stroke. Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by transient right MCAo for 60min followed by 0, 6, 24 and 72 hrs of reperfusion. A 72hrs post ischemic injury time point was chosen to measure infarction in various treatment groups. The Sirt3 inhibitor AGK7 (sc- 204281 Santa cruz,) that selectively inhibits Sirt3 over Sirt1 and Sirt2, was given as single intraperitoneal injection (0.15, 0.5 and 1.5mg/kg) 3hrs after stroke onset. Activity or expression of Sirt3, was examined with Sirt3 activity kit or western blot using anti-Sirt3, anti-acetylated lysine antibodies. Results: Sirt3 knockout mice showed a significant reduction in hemispheric infarct volume compared to WT littermate controls (37.72±5.21 vs 52.8±6.76, p<0.05). In the pharmacological study, a dose of 0.5 mg/kg i.p of inhibitor showed significant reduction in Sirt3 activity and but had no neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, a much higher dose (1.5mg/kg i.p) did not show any additional inhibitory effect on sirt3 activity but unexpectedly increased infarct volume (51.8±6.87 vs. 62.56± 7.89, P<0.05) and hemorrhagic transformation. Expression studies showed no overall change in Sirt3 expression in whole cell lysates at 0, 6, 24 or 72 hrs after reperfusion; however the expression pattern and activity varied with time in different subcellular compartments. Summary and Conclusions: Changes in subcellular translocation and activity of Sirt3 after I/R stress suggests it important role in target protein deacetylation in stroke pathophysiology. Surprisingly, genetic deletion but not pharmacological inhibition led to neuroprotection, indicating the need to carefully examine target protein by both genetic and pharmacological approaches.

Estudio palinológico de la Formación Cerro Cazador (Cretácico tardío) de la Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina

PALYNOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE CERRO CAZADOR FORMATION (LATE CRETACEOUS) OF SANTA CRUZ PROVINCE, ARGENTINA. Diverse palynological assemblages composed by both continental and marine palynomorphs were recovered from the Cerro Cazador Formation, Late Cretaceous, Santa Cruz Province. In this contribution spore-pollen assemblages were studied. The samples were taken from the upper section of this unit. Fourty one species of spores and pollen grains were here determined. They belong to the genera: Baculatisporites, Biretisporites, Clavifera, Cyathidites, Cyatheacidites, Deltoidospora, Echinosporis, Gleicheniidites, Ischyosporites, Laevigatosporites, Neoraistrickia, Polypodiidites, Reticuloidosporites, Trilites, Verrucosisporites, Stereisporites, Araucariacites, Lygistepollenites, Microcachryidites, Phyllocladidites, Podocarpidites, Arecipites, Forcipites, Liliacidites, Nothofagidites, Peninsulapollis, Psilatricolporites, Rousea, Triatriopollenites, Triporopollenites and Tricolpites. On the basis of the stratigraphic distribution of the identifi ed species, mainly in Argentina and Antarctica, joined with the presence of Nothofagidites saraensis and Peninsulapollis gillii, a late Campanian-early Maastrichtian age is here suggested. The palynological assemblages obtained would typically suggest a near shore marine environment of deposition, with marginal conditions towards to the upper section.

Bio-functionalization of nHA/PLGA hybrid nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Bio-functionalization of nHA/PLGA hybrid nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Marine resilience distribution in the Alboran Sea ecoregion

Event Abstract Back to Event Marine resilience distribution in the Alboran Sea ecoregion Jose A. Sanabria1*, Natalí D. Lazzari1, María Rodríguez González1 and Mikel A. Becerro1 1 Spanish Scientific Research Council, Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute, Spain The Alboran Sea is an ecoregion in between the South European Atlantic Shelf and the Western Mediterranean ecoregions. Oceanographic conditions in the Alboran Sea are strongly influenced by Atlantic and Mediterranean currents, which suggest that this particular ecoregion could function as a transition zone from Atlantic to Mediterranean biodiversity. The Alboran Sea ecoregion is a major contributor to species richness of temperate seas and it is consider a biodiversity hotspot, but we know very little about the resistance and resilience of this region, i.e., the capacity of the region to resist to and recover from disturbance. Both resistance and resilience are critical components for a healthy ocean and a warranty to ensure effective conservation. Our study used a resilience framework to calculate an index based on a number of indicators that are known to directly affect the resilience of temperate benthic communities. Our results showed that marine resilience increased progressively and significantly from western to eastern Alboran Sea. Maximum resilience values occurred on marine protected areas. Whether the high resilience values of protected communities are a cause or a consequence of protection remains unclear, but our study supports the hypothesis that protection increases the capacity of the system to recover from disturbance and sets forth a number of hypotheses prone to experimental testing. Keywords: resilience, Alboran Sea, Marine diversity, protected areas, Rocky reef Conference: XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies, Porto, Portugal, 5 Sep - 9 Sep, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: 1. ECOLOGY, BIODIVERSITY AND VULNERABLE ECOSYSTEMS Citation: Sanabria JA, Lazzari ND, Rodríguez González M and Becerro MA (2016). Marine resilience distribution in the Alboran Sea ecoregion. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2016.05.00156 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 18 May 2016; Published Online: 03 Sep 2016. * Correspondence: Mr. Jose A Sanabria, Spanish Scientific Research Council, Natural Products and Agrobiology Institute, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Santa cruz de Tenerife, 38206, Spain, jose.sanabria@csic.es Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Jose A Sanabria Natalí D Lazzari María Rodríguez González Mikel A Becerro Google Jose A Sanabria Natalí D Lazzari María Rodríguez González Mikel A Becerro Google Scholar Jose A Sanabria Natalí D Lazzari María Rodríguez González Mikel A Becerro PubMed Jose A Sanabria Natalí D Lazzari María Rodríguez González Mikel A Becerro Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Characterization of Antibodies to Identify Cellular Expression of Dopamine Receptor 4.

The dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) plays an important role in vision. In order to study the DRD4 expression in vivo, it is important to have antibodies that are specific for DRD4 for both immunoblot and immunohistochemical (IHC) applications. In this study, six antibodies raised against DRD4 peptides were tested in vitro, using transfected mammalian cells, and in vivo, using mouse retinas. Three Santa Cruz (SC) antibodies, D-16, N-20, and R-20, were successful in IHC of transfected DRD4; however, N-20 was the only one effective on immunoblot analysis in DRD4 transfected cells and IHC of mouse retinal sections, while R-20, 2B9, and Antibody Verify AAS63631C were non-specific or below detection.

Allergen Specific Immunotherapy in Cases of Severe Atopic Dermatitis

S U N D A Y 366 Allergen Specific Immunotherapy in Cases of Severe Atopic Dermatitis Inmaculada S anchez-Mach in, MD, Paloma Poza, Ruperto Gonz alez, Victor Matheu, MD; Hospital Ofra-T orax, Tenerife, Spain, Hospital Ofra-T orax, santa cruz de tenerife, Spain, Hospital Ofra-T orax, S/C de Tenerife, Spain, Hospital Ofra, Tenerife, Spain. RATIONALE: Allergen sensitization appears to be part of the etiology of Atopic Dermatitis (AD). The effectiveness of allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT) in AD remains controversial, even contraindicated in severe cases. METHODS: Total IgE (T-IgE) and Specific IgE (S-IgE) by CAPFarmacia. Patient 1 (P1): 43-year-old male. Patient 2 (P2): 31-year old woman. Patient 3 (P3): 9-year-old woman. All of them were nonresponders to usual therapeutics including corticosteroids oral (Last year daily for P1, P2, and 6 cycles for P3), cyclosporin (P1, P2) or methotrexate (P1with bloody diarrhea). They hadmild persistent rhinitis and intermitent asthma and positive S-IgE to Dermatophagoidesand storage mites, and P1 also to grass, ragweed pollen and foods without clinical relevance. RESULTS: In a first visit SCORAD and T-IgEwere: P1, 81 and 31,090UI/ ml. P2, 75 and 19,038UI/ml. P3, 36 and 14.897UI/ml.We started treatment with SIT, with cluster administration schedule of 4weeks in Hospital Immunotherapy Unit and subsequent monthly maintenance. The early months P1 and P2 showed improvement. The T-IgE was descending in improved patients to be in the 4 year of SIT: 5,560UI/ml for P1 and 2,500UI/ml for P2 with SCORAD of 11 and 5 respectively. However, since there was no clinical improvement for P3 over the first year and her T-IgE increase to 19,239UI/ml and SCORAD to 40, the SIT was stopped. CONCLUSIONS:Wehave observed a rapid onset of action after initiation of SIT in some cases of Severe AD. Clinical improvement was correlated with the decrease in T-IgE. The SIT may be a therapeutic alternative.