Sandpaper Abrasion Test Research Articles

Facile preparation of three-dimensional copper foam incorporated with Au/CuO nanorods as a durable, reusable and efficient SERS substrate

An exceptionally durable and recyclable three-dimensional copper foam (CF) modified CuO nanorods with Au nanostructures on its surface is noticeable for the application in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The utilization of CF as a 3D frame substrate allowed for the advancement of its beneficial characteristics, such as an increased surface-active area resulting from its high porosity and superior chemical/physical stability. By thermally oxidizing CF at a temperature of 500 °C, CuO nanorods were fabricated directly onto CF to exploit its advantageous properties, such as its high surface-active area and photodegradation effect. Following that, Au nanostructures were deposited onto the surfaces of CuO nanorods via photoreduction. The purpose of incorporating Au nanostructures was to optimize the SERS phenomenon, since Au exhibits high SERS efficiency and excellent surface stability. The Au/CuO@CF SERS substrate demonstrated the capability to measure MB at a concentration of 0.1 nM. Meanwhile, the recyclability of the Au/CuO@CF was evaluated by subjecting it to UV irradiation three times while utilizing MB samples. Subsequently, the Au/CuO@CF substrate's physical durability was evaluated via sandpaper abrasion test. In addition to confirming the long-term usability, the Au/CuO@CF demonstrated its resilience by maintaining good measurement performance even after being subjected to ambient air for up to 25 days.

Dual-functionalized ORMOSIL nanoparticles to enhance superhydrophobicity of epoxy based coatings

Organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles bearing fluoro-octyl and glycidoxy-propyl groups were prepared by two simple methods: i) modification of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles with the corresponding organo-silanes and ii) sol-gel process involving tetraethoxy-silane in the presence of the organo-silanes. These hydrophobic ORMOSIL particles were mixed with epoxy resin/amino-based hardener in 2-propanol medium and sprayed on the surface of carbon-steel substrate. The epoxy coating containing ORMOSIL prepared by modification of SiO2 nanoparticle presented outstanding water repellence with water contact angle (WCA) of ≈ 162° and high roll-off ability of the water droplets. Furthermore, excellent adhesion to the substrate was evidenced by sandpaper abrasion and tape peeling test. The effect of the solid content in the 2-propanol dispersion on the superhydrophobicity character was investigated. It was observed that the spray dispersion with higher solid concentration resulted in better superhydrophobicity response, mechanical durability and effective self-cleaning behavior. The hierarchical structure and roughness were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The coatings presented in this work are strong candidates for large scale production due to the low-cost and simplicity of the spraying technique and the economically feasibility of the involved compounds.

Preparation of superhydrophobic/oleophobic wood coating with fluorinated silica sol by a simple spraying method

The biomimetic construction of superhydrophobic coatings on wood surfaces significantly reduces the water absorption capacity of wood while enhancing its deformation resistance, thereby extending the service life of wooden structures. In this work, a fluorinated silica sol was prepared from alkaline silica sol and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDMS), and evenly sprayed over the wood surface to effectively produce superhydrophobic/oleophobic wood specimens. The effect of the preparation procedure of fluorinated silica sol on the wettability of the coating was investigated. Acid and alkali corrosion tests were conducted to assess the chemical stability of the superhydrophobic coating, while sandpaper abrasion tests were used to evaluate its mechanical stability. The results showed that with a volume ratio of silica sol to PFDMS of 6:1 and a reaction period of 30 min, the modified wood exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 157.3° and an oil contact angle of 126.5°. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic coating demonstrated excellent mechanical and chemical durability, along with self-cleaning properties. These findings have significant practical implications for enhancing the performance and longevity of wood.

Fabrication of fluorinated superhydrophobic oil-absorption cabins with controllable movement, elasticity, and wear resistance

Superhydrophobic materials that can withstand harsh environments are critical in oil spills. Here, fluorinated superhydrophobic monoliths were prepared in one step based on a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating method. γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570)-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were added into the emulsion as co-stabilizers and participated in the composition of micro-nano hierarchical structures. The fluorinated alkyl backbone and rough structure enabled the foam to exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (WCA) of 153.5° and a sliding angle (SA) of 5.92°. The unique structure and composition of the foam allowed it to maintain stable superhydrophobicity (153.97°) even after severe sandpaper abrasion tests (Drawn 10 m at 7.1 kPa on P400 grit sandpaper). It also demonstrated exceptional hydrophobicity to strong acids, bases, and UV light. The oil-saturated material can be regenerated through a simple extrusion process, showing outstanding reusability. After ten cycles of oil adsorption, the adsorption capacity remains above 90 % of the initial value. The additional magnetic properties of the material enable it to remove oil in confined or hazardous conditions. More importantly, with the assistance of a vacuum pump, the material permits continuous separation of organic solvents from the water. These excellent properties of the foam make it a potential material for treating wastewater.

Buoyancy-Assisted Fabrication of Liquid Diode: Janus Nanofibrous Membrane for Efficient Wastewater Treatment.

The pressing need for effective methods to separate oil and water in oily wastewater has spurred the development of innovative solutions. This work presents the creation and evaluation of a Janus nanofibrous membrane, also known as the Liquid Diode, developed using electrospinning (e-spinning) and buoyancy-assisted hydrothermal techniques. The membrane features a unique structure: one side is composed of PVDF nanofibers embedded with a GO/TiO2 composite, exhibiting in-air superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties, while the reverse side consists of PVDF nanofibers with a ZnO nanorod array, demonstrating in-air superhydrophilic and underwater (UW) superoleophobic properties. This distinct asymmetric wettability enables the membrane to effectively separate both water-in-oil (w-in-o) and oil-in-water (o-in-w) emulsions, achieving an impressive liquid flux and separation efficiency (SEff). The in-air superhydrophobic side of the Janus nanofibrous membrane achieves a maximum oil flux (Fo) of 3506 ± 250 L m-2 h-1, while the in-air superhydrophilic side achieves a maximum water flux (Fw) of 1837 ± 150 L m-2 h-1, with SEff exceeding 98% for both sides. Furthermore, the Janus nanofibrous membrane maintained reliable mechanical stability after 10 cycles of sandpaper abrasion test and demonstrated excellent chemical stability when subjected to acidic, alkaline, cold water and hot water conditions for 24 h. These properties, combined with its ability in breaking down of organic contaminants (98% ± 2% in 210 min) and pharmaceutical contaminants (97% ± 2% in 210 min) under visible light, highlight its photocatalytic potential. Additionally, the membrane's antifouling and antibacterial properties suggest long-term and sustainable use in wastewater treatment applications. The synergistic combination of these superior properties positions the Janus nanofibrous membrane as a promising solution for addressing complex challenges in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

Ice-resistant Fe3O4@PPy coating: Enhancing stability and durability with photothermal super hydrophobicity

Developing a superhydrophobic a superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with robust mechanical attributes and chemical resilience is essential for effective anti-icing protection. This study employed fluorine-modified epoxy resin as the resin matrix and Fe3O4@PPy as the photothermal filler to fabricate an ice-resistant superhydrophobic coating, renowned for its exceptional mechanical endurance and corrosion resistance. With its unique micro-nano structure, the resulting coating exhibited an impressive contact angle (CA) of 158.7° and a minimal sliding angle (SA) of <1°. Even after enduring 260 cycles of sandpaper abrasion and tape peeling tests, the coating retained a CA of 157.8° and 154.2° respectively, demonstrating remarkable mechanical durability. The Fe3O4@PPy coatings exhibit excellent ice resistance with water droplets frozen time prolonging to 524 s at −20 °C. Moreover, when exposed to a light intensity of 100 mW/cm2, the coating rapidly heated to 82.4 °C, effectively facilitating de-icing and defrosting, while reducing ice adhesion strength by 88.4 %, underscoring its exceptional anti-icing efficacy. These findings underscore the potential of durable and chemically stable anti-·icing coatings to deliver sustained anti-icing benefits and hold promising practical applications.

Green and Abrasion-Resistant Superhydrophobic Coatings Constructed with Tung Oil/Carnauba Wax/Silica for Wood Surface.

As a renewable, environmentally friendly, natural, and organic material, wood has been receiving extensive attention from various industries. However, the hydrophilicity of wood significantly impacts the stability and durability of its products, which can be effectively addressed by constructing superhydrophobic coatings on the surface of wood. In this study, tung oil, carnauba wax, and silica nanoparticles were used to construct superhydrophobic coatings on hydrophilic wood surfaces by a facile two-step dip-coating method. The surface wettability and morphology of the coatings were analyzed by a contact angle meter and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results suggest that the coating has a micron-nanosized two-tiered structure, and the contact angle of the coating is higher than 150° and the roll-off angle is lower than 10°. Sandpaper abrasion tests and UV diffuse reflectance spectra indicate that the coatings have excellent abrasion resistance and good transparency. In addition, the coated wood shows excellent self-cleaning and water resistance, which have great potential for applications in industry and furniture manufacturing.

Fabrication of superhydrophobic surface by spraying hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles on partially cured polyurethane paint

ABSTRACT There is an increasing demand for superhydrophobic surfaces due to their unique properties like self-cleaning, anti-icing, corrosion resistance, etc. The development of polyurethane (PU)-based superhydrophobic coating has garnered significant attention for aircraft applications. Polyurethane (PU) topcoat is widely used in aircraft and is hydrophilic in nature with a water contact angle (WCA) of 75 ± 3°. In the present work, a hydrophilic PU clear coat on aircraft-grade aluminum substrate is transformed to a superhydrophobic (SHP) surface by spraying environmentally friendly hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles (HSiNps) oonto a PU layer that was partially cured in a hot air oven at 60°C for 1.5 h. The SHP surface exhibited a WCA of 162 ± 3° and a sliding angle (SA) of 8 ± 3°. With the incorporation of HSiNps, micro – nano dual-scale surface roughness is created and the surface roughness of the PU coating is increased from 0.35 to 2.42 µm. The coating exhibits good adhesion (5B) with excellent water repelling property and remains thermally stable and superhydrophobic even after subjecting it to 100°C for one week. Durability of the coatings is studied by immersing the coatings in various liquids. The retention of superhydrophobic property after anti-fogging, water sprinkler, and sand paper abrasion tests further demonstrate the robustness of the coating.

Multifunctional Superamphiphobic Coating Based on Fluorinated TiO2 toward Effective Anti-Corrosion.

The application of superamphiphobic coatings improves the surface's ability to repel fluids, thereby greatly enhancing its various functions, including anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, anti-bacterial, and self-cleaning properties. This maximizes the material's potential for industrial applications. This work utilized the agglomeration phenomenon exhibited by nano-spherical titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles to fabricate 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) modified TiO2 (TiO2@fluoroPOS) fillers with low surface energy. This was achieved through the in-situ formation of protective armor on the surface of the agglomerates using the sol-gel method and fluorination modification. Polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) and TiO2@fluoroPOS fillers were combined using a spraying technique to prepare P/TiO2@fluoroPOS coatings with superamphiphobicity. Relying on the abundance of papillae, micropores, and other tiny spaces on the surface, the coating can capture a stable air film and reject a variety of liquids. When the coatings were immersed in solutions of 2 mol/L HCl, NaCl, and NaOH for a duration of 12 h, they retained their exceptional superamphiphobic properties. Owing to the combined influence of the armor structure and the organic binder, the coating exhibited good liquid repellency during water jetting and sandpaper abrasion tests. Furthermore, the coating has shown exceptional efficacy in terms of its ability to be anti-icing, anti-waxing, and self-cleaning.

Superhydrophobic finishing of cotton fabric via nonsolvent-induced phase separation of polystyrene–perfluoropolyether block copolymer

This paper reports synthesis of polystyrene–perfluoropolyether block copolymer@cotton fabric (PS–PFPE@CF) with a rough structure through nonsolvent-induced phase separation. The factors affecting the hydrophobicity of the coating, such as solvent quality, the molecular weight of the PS segments, and the volume ratio of tetrahydrofuran/1,3-di(trifluoromethyl)benzene (THF/DTFMB) and THF–MeOH, were all investigated, and the relation between the coating structure and hydrophobicity was also analyzed. In the THF–DTFMB system, PS–PFPE@CF (4 h, 80 mg/mL) appeared as a secondary structure with the superposition of small spheres on large spheres. For this structure, the water-contact angle reached 156.2° ± 0.5° and the sliding angle was 9.5° ± 1.5°. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that PS–PFPE coated the cotton fabric. Finally, application tests were performed to assess the application prospects of PS–PFPE@CF. Oil-water separation, self-cleaning, and antifouling applications were studied, and the experimental results showed that the separation efficiency of the superhydrophobic fabric was nearly constant, from 99.4 % to 98.3 % after 10 oil-water separation tests. PS–PFPE@CF exhibited excellent self-cleaning properties and performed well in the sandpaper abrasion and tape peeling tests. This research thus used a degradable PFPE block copolymer to produce cotton fabrics with excellent hydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and wear resistance.

Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Excellent Ice Prevention and Drag Reduction Properties Inspired by Iridaceae Leaf.

The anti-icing and drag-reduction properties of diverse microstructured surfaces have undergone extensive study over the past decade. Nonetheless, tough environments enforce stringent demands on the composite characteristics of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS). In this study, fresh composite structures were fabricated on a metal substrate by nanosecond laser machining technology, drawing inspiration from the hardy plant Iridaceae. The prepared sample surface mainly consists of a periodic microrhombus array and irregular nanosheets. To comprehensively investigate the effect of its special structure on surface properties, three surfaces with different sizes of rhombic structures were used for comparative analysis, and the results show that the SH-S2 sample is optimal. This can significantly delay the freezing time by an impressive 1404 s at -10 °C while revealing the sample surface anti-icing strategy. In addition, the rheological experiments determined over 300 μm of slip length for the SH-S2 sample, and the drag reduction rate of the surface reaches nearly 40%, which is well aligned with the results of the delayed icing experiments. Finally, the mechanical durability of the SH-S2 surface was investigated through scratch damage, sandpaper abrasion, reparability trials, and icing and melting cycle tests. This research presents a new approach and methodology for the application of SHS on polar ship surfaces.

A New Composite Material with Energy Storage, Electro/Photo-Thermal and Robust Super-Hydrophobic Properties for High-Efficiency Anti-Icing/De-Icing.

All weather, high-efficiency, energy-saving anti-icing/de-icing materials are of great importance for solving the problem of ice accumulation on outdoor equipment surfaces. In this study, a composite material with energy storage, active electro-/photo-thermal de-icing and passive super-hydrophobic anti-icing properties is proposed. Fluorinated epoxy resin and MWCNTs/PTFE particles are used to prepare the top multifunctional anti-icing/de-icing layer, which exhibited super-hydrophobicity with water contact angle greater than 155° and conductivity higher than 69Sm-1. The super-hydrophobic durability of the top layer is verified through tape peeling and sandpaper abrasion tests. The surface can be heated by applying on voltage or light illumination, showing efficient electro-/photo-thermal and all-day anti-icing/de-icing performance. The oleogel material at the bottom layer is capable to absorb energy during heating process and release it during cooling process by phase transition, which greatly delayed the freezing time and saved energy. The icing test of single ice droplet, electro-/photo-thermal de-icing and defrosting tests also proved the high efficiency and energy saving of the anti-icing/de-icing strategy. This study provided a new way to manufacture multi-functional materials for practical anti-icing/de-icing applications.

Functionalized borosilicate-silica-epoxy nanocomposite superhydrophobic coating for corrosion inhibition under harsh environment

Current work proposes a facile scheme for fabrication of robust superhydrophobic borosilicate-silica-epoxy nanocomposite coatings on steel substrate with hierarchical structures, capable of inhibiting corrosion under harsh environment. The scheme amalgamates the advantageous properties of three ingredients: acid resistant property of borosilicate glass, superhydrophobic features of functionalized silica nanoparticles and durability of epoxy resin. The various steps of synthesis include 1. ball milling of borosilicate glass to micron and submicron size (~500 nm to 1.5 μm) 2. grafting of silica nanoparticles (~20 nm, through stober method) on the borosilicate particles to form rough hierarchical structure and 3. preparation of stable dispersion of the nanoparticles in epoxy-based resin followed by coating through immersion technique. Efficacy of the scheme was established through morphological, durability and electrochemical impedance studies. The surface morphology revealed hierarchical structures of functionalized silica nanoparticles (size range 20–100 nm) grafted on micro-sized borosilicate particles, which sustained water droplets with contact angle as high as 164.5° ± 2°. Sandpaper abrasion test proved excellent durability retaining hydrophobicity up to 250 abrasion cycles. The prepared surface maintained notable interface stability under aggressive environment: 3 and 10 days under pH 1 and 13 respectively. The electrochemical study in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution showed significant decrease in corrosion current density of coated surface (0.3585 μA/cm2) compared to uncoated surface (43.918 μA/cm2) suggesting excellent corrosion resistance. The results highlight scope of using this robust coating for abrasive and harsh environment.

Coating technology on mortar surface for extending service life of on-site building construction

The superhydrophobic, self-cleaning and anti-corrosion surface was successfully coated on mortar using an effective one-step spray coating technique. A coating solution was prepared by mixing methyltrichlorosilane-modified SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles at different ratios to enhance the super-hydrophobicity and reduce water absorption of the mortar. The sample prepared using a SiO2/TiO2 with the ratio of 75/25 was found to be optimal, exhibiting a high water contact angle and low sliding angle, which resulted in a reduction of water absorption more than 97.5 % and chloride ion penetration depth. Furthermore, the robustness of the superhydrophobic coating was analyzed against various tests including water drop impact, sand abrasion impact, tape peeling and sandpaper abrasion tests, with each test conducted over 10000 drops, 300 g, 60 cycles, and 5 cycles, respectively. Notably, the coating showed excellent water absorption reduction of 82.6 % after sandpaper abrasion for a length of 200 cm (20 cycles), even though the water contact angle was reduced to 118?. Thus, the fabrication of superhydrophobic mortar surface offers a novel, alternative approach that is simple, efficient, cost-effective and provides multifunction protection surface to increase the service life of on-site building construction with enhanced mechanical durability and anti-corrosion properties.

Superhydrophobic F-SiO2/tea polyphenol coating with high efficiency photothermal anti-icing and de-icing properties

Ice accumulation is an important challenge for daily life and industrial production. The photothermal effect offers a promising approach for active de-icing to address this issue. While the photothermal effect of polyphenol-metal ion complex is extensively studied in photothermal cancer therapy, its application in de-icing remains relatively unexplored. Herein, a durable photothermal superhydrophobic coating was designed by combining F-SiO2 @Tp/Fe (Tea polyphenol-Fe3+) nanoparticles and silicone resin using a one-step spray method. Due to the unique micro-nano structure, the resulting coating exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity, characterized by water contact angle (CA) of up to 159° and sliding angle (SA) of less than 2.5°. Additionally, the coating demonstrated reliable mechanical durability and chemical stability, as evidenced by its good performance in sandpaper abrasion, tape peeling and electrochemical corrosion tests. Moreover, owing to the efficient photothermal conversion of F-SiO2 @Tp/Fe nanoparticles, surface temperature of the coating can quickly reach 81 ℃ under 1 kW/m2 simulated sunlight irradiation (1 Sun). The prepared coating exhibits over three times delayed icing time under 1 sun irradiation at − 25 °C in comparison to the absence of light. And the coating also exhibits stable de-icing and defrosting cycle performance. These findings demonstrate effective synergistic effect of anti-icing and de-icing in the F-SiO2 @Tp/Fe photothermal superhydrophobic coating, showcasing its promising application potential in practical engineering.

Effect of heating self-healing and construction of composite structure on corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic phosphate ceramic coating in long-term water environment

Despite superhydrophobic ceramic coatings have been successfully prepared, there lacks an improvement in their corrosion resistance in long-term saltwater environments due to the porous properties. In this paper, two coatings were prepared again by heat repair treatment and construction of double-layer composite structure, and the surface characteristics of the coatings were determined by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer and contact angle measuring instrument, and the electrochemical performance and corrosion resistance of the coatings were evaluated by electrochemical test and immersion test. The results showed that the original porous ceramic coating had superhydrophobic property, and the water contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) were 150.4°and 8.7°, respectively. Through knife scratching, sandpaper abrasion and tape peeling tests, the coating had good bond strength and mechanical durability. Compared with the original coating, the corrosion resistance of heat repair coating and composite coating had better corrosion resistance and a protective effect on the substrate. This protective mechanism can be attributed to the repair effect of heat treatment on the hydrophobicity of the coating, and the composite structure resists the penetration of external liquids. Based on these results, heat repair and double-layer composite structures can improve the defects of long-term insufficient durability of superhydrophobic ceramic coatings, which have potential marine application prospects.

Effect of composite structure on titanium alloy for infrared antireflection performance

Infrared reconnaissance and detection systems pose a major threat to aerial targets, and improving the infrared antireflection of aircraft surfaces has become a key problem to be solved urgently. Most researchers have fabricated a single structure and achieved good infrared antireflection performance. However, a single structure's improvement of infrared antireflection performance is limited. Therefore, this study prepared a novel composite antireflective structure with slotted holes using FDTD simulation combined with femtosecond laser design to further improve the infrared anti-reflective performance. The results show that the antireflection performance of the simulated groove-hole composite structure is better than that of the individual groove and hole structures, and the nanoparticle structures can further improve the antireflection performance in the infrared region. The composite structure fabricated by femtosecond laser had an average infrared reflectance of about 7.8% in the range of 8–14 µm and hydrophobicity. After sandpaper abrasion and tape peeling tests, it still has good anti-reflective properties, indicating the structure has excellent resistance to impact and abrasion. The surface roughness of the micro-nano-composite structures made by a femtosecond laser is much higher, and they have not only the properties of geometrically trapped light, but also the resonance absorption and scattering of unexcited elements such as metal nanoparticles, which gives them excellent infrared antireflection properties.

Preparation of a Stable Superhydrophobic Mortar Surface Using a One-Step Method.

Research efforts have intensified on developing superhydrophobic surfaces on concrete structures to limit the damage caused by the natural porosity and hydrophilicity of cementitious materials. However, the feasibility idea is impeded by the complex preparation process and weak adhesion/stability performance. Therefore, superhydrophobic coatings were rapidly prepared on mortar surfaces by a straightforward and effective one-step method using zinc oxide (ZnO) modified with stearic acid and epoxy resin. The microstructure, physical/chemical properties, hydrophobic properties, and stability of the coatings were systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that the water contact angle of the samples reached a maximum value of 164.2° and a sliding angle of 4.6° when the stearic acid content was 0.5 g. The water absorption of the coated superhydrophobic mortar was reduced by approximately 61% compared to that of ordinary mortar, and neither particulate pollutants nor liquid pollutants could contaminate the superhydrophobic mortar. The coating maintained a superhydrophobic state and exhibited good physical durability after sandpaper abrasion, tape peeling, and high-temperature resistance tests. The water cluster diffusion coefficient on surface of the ordinary coating was 0.1645 × 10-4 and 0.0328 × 10-4 cm2/s on surface of the modified coating after molecular dynamics simulation.

Development of self-cleaning superhydrophobic cotton fabric through silica/PDMS composite coating

The lotus effect informs that self-cleaning superhydrophobic surfaces can be obtained by creating rough surface structures and modifying them with chemicals that have low surface energy. Herein, the composite of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was deposited on cotton fabric by multiple dip cycles. At optimal condition, the agglomerated SNPs in PDMS produces a hierarchical rough surface, as a result the coated cotton fabric has revealed a water contact angle (WCA) of 158.41 ± 1.58° and 4° of sliding angle. Due to negligible water adhesion to a superhydrophobic surface, coated cotton fabric reveals excellent self-cleaning behavior, which was tested by dust particles, muddy water and tea droplets. Furthermore, coated cotton fabric sustains superhydrophobicity over the mechanical robustness tests including adhesive tape peeling test, sandpaper abrasion test, and ultrasonication. Therefore, such an approach may be applicable in textile industries for self-cleaning purposes.

Phyllostachys Viridis-Leaf-like MLMN Surfaces Constructed by Nanosecond Laser Hybridization for Superhydrophobic Antifogging and Anti-Icing.

In nature, many species commonly evolve specific functional surfaces to withstand harsh external environments. In particular, structured wettability of surfaces has attracted tremendous interest due to its great potential in antifogging and anti-icing properties. Phyllostachys Viridis is a resistant low-temperature (-18 °C) plant with superhydrophobicity and ice resistivity behaviors. In this work, with inspiration from the representative cold-tolerant plants leaves, a unique multilevel micronano (MLMN) surface was fabricated on copper substrate by ultrafast laser process, which exhibited superior superhydrophobic characteristics with the water contact angle > 165° and rolling angle< 2°. In the dynamic wettability experiment, the rebound efficiency of the droplet on the MLMN surface reached 20.6%, and the contact time was only 10.6 ms. In the condensation experiment, the nucleation, growth, merging, and bouncing of fog drops on the surface was distinctly observed, indicating that rational texture structures can improve the antifogging performance of the surface. In the anti-icing experiment, the freezing time was delayed to 921 s at -10 °C, and the freezing time of salt water reached a staggering 1214 s. Moreover, the mechanical durability of MLMN surfaces was confirmed by scratch damage, sandpaper abrasion, and icing and melting cycle tests, and their repairability was evaluated for product applications in practice. Finally, the underlying antifogging/anti-icing strategy of the MLMN surface was also revealed. We anticipate that the investigations offer a promising way to handily design and fabricate multiscale hierarchical structures with reliable antifogging and anti-icing performance, especially in saltwater-related applications.