Sample Survey Research Articles

The credentialism trap: are IT certifications overrated?

Purpose This paper aims to explore whether certifications are sufficient for comprehensively evaluating the IT sector, focusing on DevOps, as this branch has the widest range of certifications. It examines the limitations of relying solely on certifications and highlights the gap between certified knowledge and practical competence in real-world settings. Design/methodology/approach The study includes a survey of 72 certified DevOps professionals with varying years of experience to gather insights on the impact of certifications. It also reviews existing literature on the origins, psychological aspects and role of certifications in recruitment within the IT sector. Findings The findings indicate that while certifications enhance technical knowledge and boost confidence among IT professionals, they do not consistently lead to career advancements and sometimes do not adequately assess practical skills and soft skills essential for DevOps roles. The survey revealed that only a minority experienced promotions postcertification, highlighting a disconnect between certifications and career progression. Research limitations/implications The survey sample was limited to 72 respondents, which may not represent the entire DevOps community. Future research with a more extensive and diverse sample could provide more generalisable results and deeper insights into the impact of certifications across different contexts. Practical implications Organisations should consider certifications as one component of a candidate’s qualifications, alongside practical experience and soft skills. Professionals are encouraged to pursue certifications for skill validation and knowledge enhancement but should integrate them with practical application and continuous learning to ensure effectiveness in DevOps environments. Social implications An overemphasis on certifications can contribute to a “credentialist” culture, potentially undervaluing practical skills and leading to stress and burnout among professionals. A balanced approach that values both certified knowledge and experiential learning can promote a healthier professional environment and improve team collaboration. Originality/value This paper provides a nuanced examination of the role of certifications in evaluating DevOps skills by combining survey data with a literature review. It offers original insights into the limitations of certifications and emphasises the importance of balancing them with practical experience and soft skills in the IT industry.

State Full Practice Authority Regulations and Nurse Practitioner Practice Autonomy: Evidence From the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses.

State full practice authority (FPA) laws are designed to permit NPs to practice autonomously from physicians. Little is known regarding how FPA laws affect NPs' practice autonomy in daily practice. This study used nationwide survey data from 20,830 NPs to estimate how NPs' practice autonomy differs between NPs in FPA and non-FPA states. NPs in states with FPA laws were more than twice as likely as NPs in non-FPA states to practice in clinic settings with no onsite physicians and were twice as likely to not have a physician collaborator. Associations between FPA laws and four other indicators of practice autonomy were positive but smaller in magnitude. States with FPA laws more than 10 years experienced larger changes in nurse practitioner (NP) autonomy compared with states with FPA laws in effect less than 10 years. FPA laws may promote the development of autonomous NP practice sites, thereby expanding access in underserved populations.

Characteristics of web-based and paper-based respondents in The Danish Capital Region Health Survey

Abstract Background and aim This study aims to investigate the potential impact of adopting web-only surveys on the representativeness of survey participants by examining the sociodemographic characteristics of participants in the Danish Capital Region Health Survey (DCRHS) who respond online versus those who respond using a paper-based questionnaire. Methods The study utilizes data from the DCRHS including participants invited by a mixed-mode approach and given the choice to respond to a web-based or paper-based questionnaire in 2021 (N = 53,874) and 2017 (N = 51,902). Information on age and sex was obtained from national registers. Results The proportion of paper respondents decreased significantly from 18% in 2017 to 16% in 2021. In both years, women had higher odds of responding on paper compared with men (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.24). In 2017, the highest prevalence of paper respondents was observed among participants aged ≥80 (29%) and 16-24 years (21%). In 2021, the highest prevalence was likewise observed among participants aged ≥80 (28%) but with the second highest among the 65-79 years age group (17%). The decrease in paper responses from 2017 to 2021 varied across age groups, with a greater decrease among younger participants than among older participants. Conclusions This study highlights the potential risk of excluding a significant proportion of elderly citizens from large population surveys if the web-based response option is the only option provided. Elderly individuals are less likely than younger individuals to switch to digital responses, emphasizing the importance of considering alternative modes of data collection to ensure representativeness in survey samples. Key messages • The use of web-only surveys has increased; however, we risk excluding a significant proportion of elderly citizens from large population surveys if only the web-based response option is provided. • Elderly individuals are less likely to switch to digital responses, emphasizing the importance of considering alternative modes of data collection to ensure representativeness in survey samples.

Identification of different types of nicotine product users: results from a cluster analysis

Abstract Background Smoking cessation interventions often target people that use nicotine products as one homogenous group. However, heterogeneity exists among people who smoke and/or use e-cigarettes. The aim of the current study was to characterize clusters of nicotine product users based on their use and motives. Methods The study included 2000 people who smoke and/or use e-cigarettes aged ≥18 years in the Netherlands. Respondents were recruited from a large survey-panel between August and October 2023. The questionnaire consisted of questions on demographics, product use/frequency, and motives to use nicotine products and motives to quit. A cluster analysis was used to identify the number and nature of subgroups reporting similar product behavior and/or motives. Analyses were weighted to correct for imbalances between the survey sample and the population of the Netherlands. Results Four clusters were identified. Cluster 1 ‘socially-influenced smoker’ (13%) had a greater proportion of men, participants indicated using a variety of products and often try a product if they have seen other people using it. Cluster 2 ‘party smoker’ (5%) was characterized by participants being young, mostly smoke during a social event, and indicated that drinking alcohol is a reason to smoke/use a nicotine product. Participants in cluster 3 ‘coping-driven smoker’ (43%) were more often women, use nicotine products to reduce stress, to relax and regulate mood. Cluster 4 ‘Inveterate smoker’ (39%) mainly contained participants of older age and endorsed smoking due to pleasure and habit and see smoking as part of their identity. The socially-influenced smoker had the highest intention to quit (67%), and the inveterate smoker the lowest (35%). Among all clusters, improving health was reported as most important reason to stop using nicotine products. Discussion Classifying nicotine product users into subgroups based on their use and motives could lead to more appropriate smoking cessation interventions. Key messages • People who use nicotine products are not a homogenous group, but can be divided into different clusters based on their product use and motives. • Classifying people that use nicotine products into subgroups based on their use and motives could lead to more appropriate smoking cessation interventions.

Evolution of online health-related information seeking in France from 2010 to 2023

Abstract Background Given the rapid ongoing progression of the internet and increase in health information available online since 2010, it is important to understand how these changes impact online health information-seeking behaviour of the population and the way of managing one’s health. This study aims to describe the evolution of the use of internet to seek health-related information as well as the characteristics of online health information seekers. Methods We used data from the French nationally representative surveys Health Barometers. It is a cross-sectional repeated survey of random representative samples of the French population conducted by the French national public health agency since 1992 using computer-assisted telephone interviewing. It serves to measure the evolution of key indicators regarding health-related behaviors, attitudes, and opinions in the general population and includes individuals aged 18-75 years old selected through randomly generated phone numbers. In the 2010, 2014, 2017 and 2023 editions, the same question was asked about the internet use as a source of health information. Evolutions over time were assessed using chi-square tests. Associations with sociodemographic characteristics and health status were evaluated using logistic regression models. Results Although internet access increased steadily during this period, from 72.8% in 2010 to 95.2% in 2023, the use of the internet as a source of health information rose between 2010 and 2014 (from 37.3% to 67.9%), decreased significantly in 2017 (60.3%) and rose again in 2023 at 65.3 %. The study describes the characteristics of the online health information-seekers trough time. Conclusions The past decade was marked by a breakthrough of the use of internet in the general population and the use of internet to seek health information. The analysis of the digital health information-seekers serves the public health authorities in their mission to provide accessible information on public health. Key messages • This study aims to describe the evolution of Online Health-Related Information Seeking in France from 2010 to 2023 and the characteristics of digital health information-seekers. • The analysis of the digital health information-seekers serves the public health authorities in their mission to provide accessible information on public health.

Identifying the zero-dose and under-immunized children in Bangladesh: Approaches and experiences.

This paper presents and elaborates on empirical methods and approaches used to identify Zero-Dose (ZD) and Under-immunized (UI) children as well as the communities that these children reside in within Bangladesh. This paper also describes demand- and supply side-barriers that lead to children being ZD and UI in the country. Time period for the study was December 2022-May 2023. The study methodology encompassed secondary data analysis using data from national surveys, primary data collection and analysis via a lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) survey and also, qualitative data collection and analysis. Study population included caregivers of children aged 4.5 months (4 months 15 days) to 23 months for the LQAS survey. The qualitative component included policymakers, program managers and service providers working in immunization as well as mothers in the selected study areas who had a living child aged less than 2 years as the study population. Our data analysis confirms existence of ZD and UI children in areas which were categorized into haor (wetlands), hilly, char (sandy/silty land surrounded by water), coastal, plain land and urban slums. Determinant analysis showed that the mother's level of education, antenatal visits made, and access to media were significantly associated with children being ZD or UI. Reproductive autonomy emerged as a key factor that had prominent impact on a child being ZD. The qualitative analysis indicated the importance of population migration, health workforce shortages and lack of access to transportation as prominent barriers to immunization. Notably, the methods and approaches used in this study are both effective and easily replicable to identify ZD and UI children. The drivers of ZD and UI along with the barriers to immunization provide potential areas for intervention by policy-makers and can apprise about interventions to be tested in future implementation research.

Prevalence of Mental health and Receipt of Services in Latino Immigrants Living in Philadelphia

Abstract Background and Purpose Research shows that Latino populations are less likely to seek formal mental health services, these attitudes combined with difficulty finding affordable services impact the ability to receive a mental health diagnosis. This project examines mental health symptoms, utilization of mental health services, and socio-ecological barriers to receive mental health services among Latino immigrants, including region of origin, health insurance, immigration status, and English proficiency. Methods Data was collected between 2021-2022 by Drexel University’s CRISOL lab using a cross-sectional respondent-driven sample survey of Latinos born outside the U.S. mainland and residing in Philadelphia. The final sample included 420 Latino/a/e immigrants. Descriptive statistics and bivariate associations using Chi-square analyses were computed. Outcomes The findings revealed that 29.1% of the surveyed individuals exhibited signs of Depression, 36.1% experienced symptoms of Anxiety, 8.7% showed signs of PTSD, and 43.4% possessed one or more mental health conditions. The findings show that country of origin (p<.01), health insurance (p<.05), immigration status (p<.01), and language proficiency (p<.001) are significantly associated with whether an individual has received mental health services in the past year or in their lifetime. Of the survey population, only 39.5% of individuals with one or more mental issues had received mental health services in their lifetime. Conclusions Interventions to increase access to mental health services for Latino communities are needed. Solutions addressing disparities in access to mental health services must address systemic, cultural, and language barriers. Key messages • Region of origin, health insurance, immigration status, and English proficiency impact the utilization of mental health services. • Immigrant populations face stressors that increase the risk for mental health disease and experience multiple barriers to access mental health services.

Presence-only fisheries bycatch data produce biased species distribution predictions for Alcyonacean corals on British Columbia’s continental shelf and slope

Sedentary benthic species such as Alcyonacea corals form critical habitat for fishes and invertebrates. Assessing anthropogenic risks to these organisms requires unbiased, species distribution models (SDMs) that attempt to map probabilities of coral presence in relation to bio-physical ocean characteristics; however, in deep-water settings, the accuracy of SDMs is highly variable and dependent on spatial and taxonomic resolution. Here we investigated how data and model types affect SDM predictions of Alcyonacea probability of presence. We compared predictions from generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to presence-absence observations over a stratified-random survey design with predictions from maximum entropy models (Maxent) fitted to presence-only bycatch records from commercial fisheries. We use a simulation analysis to show that both model types (i.e., GAM or Maxent) using presence-only bycatch data produced biased estimates of species distribution. Additionally, the maxent model fit using presence-only bycatch data produced biased estimates of performance metrics (AUC, TSS) that were overly optimistic. This study demonstrates a need for presence-absence data collected using a robust survey sampling design to fit SDMs that will better inform marine protected area placement while minimizing unnecessary economic losses, such as forgone fishing yield, due to sub-optimal placement.

Health symptoms in individuals with and without post-covid in the Dutch general population

Abstract Background Health symptoms, often non-specific in nature such as headache and sleep problems, are more prevalent in the aftermath of disasters. Relatively little research focused on non-specific symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, including those with post-covid conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the symptomatic profile of people with post-covid conditions, and to assess differences in health symptoms between non-infected individuals, infected individuals, and individuals with post-covid. Methods A nation-wide cross-sectional health survey performed in 2022 was combined with routine primary care electronic health records (EHRs). Prevalence of individual symptoms was analyzed, as well as symptom scores for number, duration, and severity of symptoms. The total survey sample consisted of 315,586 individuals. The EHR sample consisted of 29,797 individuals with matched survey data. Both samples were divided into three groups: non-infected, infected, and post-covid. Results Survey participants with post-covid experienced significantly (CI 99%) more (incidence risk ratio (IRR) 1.55), longer lasting (IRR 1.87), and more severe self-reported symptoms (IRR 1.95) compared to non-infected individuals. For infected compared to non-infected survey participants, there were hardly differences in symptom scores. The most distinct differences in individual symptoms were observed for loss of smell or taste, fatigue, and respiratory problems. Based on EHR data, the post-covid group is at significantly higher risk of experiencing fatigue, shortness of breath, headache, sleep problems, and dizziness. Conclusions Individuals suffering from post-covid are at the highest risk of experiencing health symptoms, both based on self-reported symptoms as well as based on EHRs. The infected group generally experienced more self-reported symptoms than the non-infected, but on average, they experienced them at a shorter duration, and they also reported them to be less severe. Key messages • Health symptom prevalence is higher in individuals with post-covid in the Netherlands. • This effect is confirmed in self-reported health surveys as well as in primary care registries.

Predicting Obesity via Deep Learning: The Role of Chrononutrition

Abstract Background Obesity is a significant public health challenge, prompting the need for assessing effective tools for its monitoring and prevention. Chrononutrition investigates the role of timing, regularity and frequency of food intake on body metabolism and health. Here we aim to check if data on the distribution of calorie intake in the day may improve BMI prediction as compared to using only data on total day intake. Methods We apply deep learning on chrononutritional data on calorie intake over 6 daily timeslots from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey sample of the Italian population (INRAN-SCAI 2005/2006) comprising 2313 Italian adults 18-64 ys old with 3 day diet diaries. In particular, we implemented three deep neural network models, varying network configurations and feature selection. The 1st includes 18 (6 for each day diary) chrononutritional variables and the 3 day total intakes, beside age and sex; the 2nd includes age, sex and the 18 chrononutritional variables only; the 3rd uses age, sex and the 3 day totals only. We applied Early Stopping to limit overfitting. Optimization was conducted using the Adam algorithm, minimizing the mean squared error (RMSE), while mean absolute error (MAE) was the primary performance indicator. Results The results highlight that Model 3 outperformed the other models with MAE=2.514 and RMSE=3.476, indicating that for the purpose of predicting obesity, information on the time-of-day distribution of calorie intake is not increasing predictive ability of BMI on top of age, sex and total calorie intake in the day. Conclusions Additional use of day-time intake information worsened prediction of BMI via deep learning using this cross sectional Italian survey. However the error made is still sizeable and warrants the inclusion of other variables; our results don’t rule out the role of chrononutrition on metabolic health which may act through other biological mechanisms related to specific nutrients. Key messages • Chrononutrition data don’t improve BMI prediction over total calorie intake data in a cross-setional representative sample of the Italian population. • Deep learning approach to BMI prediction shows the importance of targeted selection of features in public health nutrition.

Testing self-supportive strategies to regulate autonomy and motivation.

People regularly encounter situations in which they have to engage in tasks they find boring or irrelevant, in which case their autonomy-the need to act in ways that are meaningful for oneself-is impeded. When there is no motivational support available, individuals need to find ways to overcome their motivational barriers by themselves. Applying autonomy-regulation strategies may be effective for increasing autonomy and particularly the more adaptive types of motivation (i.e., intrinsic and internalized). Testing this idea, we investigated whether individuals apply self-supportive strategies to boost their feelings of autonomy and motivation in two studies via cross-sectional survey samples (overall N = 2,344). We analyzed how autonomy regulation strategies were associated with theoretically related variables via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In Study 1, the self-reported use of autonomy regulation strategies was strongly positively associated with intrinsic and internalized types of motivation, weakly positively correlated with introjected avoidance motivation, and not associated with external motivation. In Study 2, we introduced two dilemmas concerning motivational problems individuals face when engaging in tasks and being assigned a task, respectively. Results indicate that individuals report using general strategies of autonomy regulation to achieve fulfillment of autonomy and intrinsic motivation, next to more specific autonomy regulation strategies regarding specific dilemmas. Our results show that it would be worthwhile to investigate if stimulating individuals to use autonomy regulation strategies would positively affect their motivation (e.g., in job or study contexts), and that in doing so, it is important to consider both specific context effects on autonomy regulation as well as individual preferences for general strategies used to regulate one's autonomy.

The Preparedness Paradox in Climate Attitudes: Democrats Worry, Republicans Prepare

ABSTRACT Political partisanship is one of the strongest correlates of climate change attitudes in the United States, with Democrats expressing greater concern than Republicans. As the climate crisis progresses, surveys increasingly examine preparedness for environmental emergencies, instead of climate attitudes alone. Does partisan identification associate with environmental preparedness actions as it does other climate attitude measures? We find a paradox: Republicans are more likely to say they have taken preparedness actions than Democrats. We replicate this finding in three survey samples (n = 1,053; n = 1,201; n = 2,318) and provide two sociological explanations. Theoretically, a culture of emergency preparedness integrated with conservative belief systems could strengthen the partisanship association, especially if preparedness is not closely tied to other climate attitudes. Empirically, household income is associated with specific types of preparedness actions, possibly introducing bias based on social class. We discuss the importance of measuring climate preparedness for the future of climate opinion research and climate policy and call for preparedness measures that are applicable to the general population.

International and internal migration and the subjective wellbeing of wives left behind in Ghana

AbstractHusbands' labour migration has ramifications for significant family members, particularly wives left behind. However, limited studies have been conducted to examine the impacts of husbands' migration on women left behind married to international and internal migrants. Drawing on a purposive sampling survey of 298 Ghanaian women (international = 129 and internal = 169) in the Volta Region, we assessed their subjective wellbeing using three dimensions: self‐reported health, self‐reported satisfaction with life, and self‐reported happiness. The results from t‐tests show that on average, international women left behind have higher perceived health (3.72), perceived happiness (3.82) and satisfaction with life (3.19). Results from the multivariable binary logistic regression analyses reveal that while no variables predict self‐reported health for international women left behind, high frequency of communication is statistically associated with internal women left behind self‐assessed health. International women left behind who lived in nuclear households and internal women left behind who reported high wealth quintiles were both statistically associated with satisfaction with life, respectively. While demographic factors (age and duration of marriage) were significant predictors of happiness for international women left behind, neighbourhood type and frequency of communication predicted happiness for internal women left behind. The differences in variables predicting each of the subjective wellbeing dimensions demonstrate the concept's multidimensionality. It also highlights factors influencing subjective wellbeing outcomes of women left behind are not solely due to their husbands' migration. The policy implications of this study are highlighted.

Validation of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale for the Mental Health Surveillance (MHS) of German adults

BackgroundMental health encompasses more than just the absence of mental disorders. Thus, a Mental Health Surveillance (MHS) and reporting system for Germany should monitor mental well-being in addition to psychopathology to capture a more complete picture of population mental health. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) is an internationally established inventory for the integrated assessment of different aspects of mental well-being (i.e., hedonic and eudaimonic) in population samples that has not yet been validated for Germany.MethodsUsing data from a cross-sectional online survey of a convenience sample of N = 1.048 adults aged 18–79 years (51% female) living in Germany, the factorial structure, measurement invariance (age, sex) and psychometric properties of the WEMWBS in its long (14 items) and short (7 items) versions were analyzed. Additionally, correlations to relevant factors (e.g., health-related quality of life, psychological distress) were investigated as indicators of criterion validity.ResultsMeans of model fit indices did not confirm a unidimensional factor structure for either version. The three-factor-correlative models showed moderate to good fit while the bifactor model with one general mental well-being factor and three grouping factors fitted the data best. The full range of possible responses was used for all items, and the distribution of both scales was approximately normal. Moreover, the results revealed measurement invariance across sex and age groups. Initial evidence of criterion validity was obtained. Internal consistencies were α = 0.95 and α = 0.89, respectively. Average mental well-being was comparable to that of other European countries at 3.74 for the long version and 3.84 for the short version. While there were no differences by sex, comparisons between age groups revealed higher mental well-being among the older age groups.ConclusionsBoth versions of the WEMWBS showed sound psychometric characteristics in the present German sample. The findings indicate that the instrument is suitable for measuring mental well-being at the population level due to its distributional properties. These results are promising, suggesting that the scale is suitable for use in a national MHS that aims to capture positive mental health in the population as a foundation for prevention and promotion efforts within public mental health.

Potensi Sampah Organik TPS 3R Menjadi Biogas dan Pupuk (Studi Kasus: TPS 3R Kasih, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)

The generation of organic waste at TPS 3R Kasih increased and dominated but its separation has not been carried out optimally. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical characteristics of organic waste and analyze the potential for biogas that can be produced from organic waste anaerobically. The research method included sample collection using the purposive sampling method, surveys, and laboratory experiments using a batch or closed anaerobic reactor without any reactant movement to determine the potential for methane formation during 40 days of processing. The chemical characteristics of the slurry before and after processing were analyzed to determine its potential use after biogas formation as compost. The results showed that the slurry content before and after processing did not meet the fertilizer quality standards. Methane gas was formed starting on the 35th day in both reactors 1 and 2 with the highest concentration achieved at 1.2% of a mixture of organic waste, water, animal waste and EM4 with an optimum time of 40 days.

Causal mechanisms of the psychological needs for online gamified learning and the impact on learning engagement among college students

ABSTRACT This study explores the development process of psychological needs in online gamified learning (OGL) among university students and examines its impact on learning engagement. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research conducted a purposive sampling survey involving 483 university students with diversified academic backgrounds. Results from Mplus-based analysis show: Perceived autonomy correlates positively with perceived relatedness and perceived competence; Autonomy-Supportive Motivation is positively linked to the three basic psychological needs; Perceived autonomy, perceived relatedness, and perceived competence are positively associated with intrinsic motivation; Intrinsic motivation further correlates positively with learning engagement; and intrinsic motivation, along with the basic psychological needs, mediates the relationship between autonomy-supportive motivation and learning engagement in college students within a OGL environment. Additionally, the study found that external orientation negatively moderated the link between autonomy-supportive motivation and perceived autonomy in college students. The main value of this study is that it reveals the logical relationships within students’ psychological needs in the context of OGL, validating the development process of students’ psychological needs and its impact on learning engagement, emphasizing the crucial two-way interaction between teachers and students, and creating an indirect impetus driven by external contexts, causal factors, and behavioral structures.

Prevalence, Correlates, and Impacts of Displacement Because of Natural Disasters in the United States From 2022 to 2023.

Objectives. To quantify the prevalence, correlates, and impacts of displacement because of natural disasters in the United States. Methods. We pooled data across 10 independent survey samples from the Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey from December 2022 to September 2023. Survey questions asked about displacement from home because of natural disasters, duration of displacement, and impacts of disasters. Results. In our weighted sample of 213 234 003 adults, 3 166 500 (1.5%) reported displacement in the past year because of a natural disaster. People of color, sexual and gender minority populations, and those with lower incomes, disabilities, or unfavorable social determinants of health (SDOH) such as food insecurity were more likely to report displacement. Long-term displacement was more common with fires compared with other disasters. Disaster impacts, including food and water shortage, electricity loss, unsanitary conditions, feeling isolated, and experiencing scams, were more common among people of color and individuals with lower education or income. Conclusions. Many people in the United States, particularly from health disparity populations, are displaced because of natural disasters. Addressing SDOH and other vulnerability factors may help improve disaster preparedness and mitigate postdisaster impacts. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 24, 2024:e1-e11. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307854).

The Influence of a Regional Public Brand on Consumers’ Purchase Intention and Behavior Toward Eco-Agricultural Products: A Chinese National Park Case

Transforming ecological value into economic value is an important challenge regarding China’s protected natural areas. The key strategy is to develop a regional public brand and increase the premium of eco-products. A brand–quality–price model was proposed to analyze the factors influencing consumers’ purchase intention and behavior toward eco-agricultural products from China’s protected natural areas. The data came from a questionnaire survey sample of 300 consumers in Zhejiang Province. The results show that there is a gap between purchase intention and actual behavior: (1) For purchase intention, brand awareness, brand trust, perceived quality, and perceived price had significant positive influences. (2) For purchase behavior, brand awareness, and purchase intention had direct impacts. However, brand trust did not directly affect behavior. (3) Age, monthly income, and marital status had significant effects on purchase intention and behavior. However, purchase intention and behavior were not affected by gender, and the educational level had significant effects on purchase intention but had no significant effects on purchase behavior. (4) Consumers were willing to pay 17.13% more than the price of the ordinary products. This study provides important references for brand development and valuable experience for establishing ecological product value realization mechanisms in other protected natural areas.

A nomogram for predicting postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundPostpartumpost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as a psychological stress disorder, has long-term and widespread harm. Still, compared with other postpartum psychiatric disorders, postpartum PTSD has received relatively littleattention in China. This study aims to investigate the risk factors of postpartum PTSD and to develop a convenient and rapid nomogram screening tool to help clinical staff identify high-risk pregnant womenin time and take preventative and management measures.MethodsRecruited pregnant women hospitalized for delivery in Qingdao Municipal Hospital and Jinzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from November 2022 to October 2023 as convenient samples for the questionnaire survey. Telephone follow-up was conducted 42 days after delivery. After univariate analysis, multicollinearity analysis, and logistic regression analysis, the risk factors of postnatal PTSD were obtained, a prediction model was established, and a nomogram was drawn by R software. G*power3.1.9.7 calculated the effectiveness of the test. The model was validated internally using the Bootstrap approach, and external validation was carried out using a verification group. The accuracy of the model's predictions and its clinical application value were evaluated by the area under the curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis.ResultsA total of 602 women were recruited in this study, and the incidence of postpartum PTSD was 11.1% (67/602). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that poor self-assessment of sleep status in late pregnancy (OR = 5.336), cesarean section (OR = 2.825), instrumental delivery (OR = 5.994), having fear of labor (OR = 4.857), and a high score of Five Factors Inventory Neuroticism subscale (OR = 1.244) were independent risk factors for developing postpartum PTSD. A high Quality of Relationship Index score (OR = 0.891) was a protective factor for postpartum PTSD. In the training and validation sets, the nomogram model's area under the ROC curve was 0.928 and 0.907, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the nomogram model was well-fitted, and the Decision Curve Analysis indicated that the nomogram model had good value for clinical application.ConclusionsWith its strong predictive capacity, the prediction model built using postpartum PTSD risk factors can help clinical caregivers identify high-risk pregnant women early on and implement timely preventive intervention strategies.

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Urban Green Space Information Based on Gaofen 7: Considering Beijing’s Fifth Ring Area as an Example

Urban green spaces constitute a vital component of the ecosystem. This study focused on urban green spaces located within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing, using Gaofen 7 (GF-7) as the primary data source for analysis. The main objective was to develop a system for extracting and classifying urban green spaces in Beijing by applying deep learning and machine learning algorithms, and further, the results were validated with ground survey samples. This study provides detailed extraction and classification of urban green space coverage by creating a comprehensive evaluation system. The primary findings indicate that the deep learning algorithm enhances the precision of green space information extraction by 10.68% compared to conventional machine learning techniques, effectively suppresses “pretzel noise”, and eventually aids in extracting green space information with complete edges. The thorough assessment of green spaces within the study area indicated favorable outcomes showing the high service capacity of park green spaces. The overall classification accuracy of the final extraction results was 94.31%. Nonetheless, challenges, such as unequal distribution of green zones and a significant fragmentation level throughout the study area, were still encountered. Consequently, the use of GF-7 high-resolution imagery, in conjunction with the collaborative application of deep learning and machine learning techniques, enabled the acquisition of highly accurate information regarding urban green zone coverage. According to the established grading standards of evaluation indices, the landscape pattern of urban green spaces within the study area was comprehensively assessed. This evaluation offers essential data support for monitoring urban green spaces and planning landscape patterns, thereby contributing to the achievement of sustainable development objectives related to urban greening and ecological conservation.