Sample S2 Research Articles

Study on the mechanical properties and gamma/neutron radiation shielding performance of SnBi/B4C composite materials

The development of multifunctional shielding materials has become a hot research topic with the increasing requirements for radiation protection materials in terms of performance, weight and non-toxicity. In this study, non-toxic SnBi/B4C composites with different B4C contents (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15wt%) were successfully prepared by powder metallurgy, and their mass attenuation coefficients, half-value layers, mean free paths, effective atomic numbers, and 0.025eV thermal neutron shielding performance. The results show that B4C plays a key role in regulating the mechanical properties and thermal neutron shielding properties of SnBi/B4C composites. When the B4C content was 9wt% (S3), the integrated mechanical properties of the composites were optimal, and the yield strength, tensile strength, and microhardness were enhanced by 31%, 32%, and 129%, respectively, compared with those of the samples without B4C. The radiation shielding effect is remarkable, the gamma-ray shielding performance in the energy range of 0.03-0.08MeV is better than that of Pb. Meanwhile, the S3 sample with only 3mm thickness can shield 99.7% of thermal neutrons, while the shielding rate of the S0 sample without B4C is only 5.2%. Comprehensive analyses show that the SnBi/B4C composites are superior in terms of environmental protection, mechanical properties, gamma-ray and thermal neutron shielding, with lighter weight and safer use. This finding provides a theoretical basis for the selection of efficient, non-toxic and diverse radiation shielding materials for medical and other special environments.

Plants-extracts mediated CuS nanoparticles: An effective antibacterial agent

Antibacterial activity of plant-mediated synthesized CuS nanoparticles against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and gram negative Pseudomonas putida is studied in this presented work. A facile hydrothermal approach was followed to synthesize spherical shaped CuS nanoparticles using flowers extract of Tagetes patula (S1), leaves extract of Azadirachta indica (S2), and bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (S3). Crystal phase identification, average crystallites size, surface morphology, absorbance spectra and energy band gap analyses of samples were further determined using XRD, SEM, and UV-DRS spectroscopy respectively. Furthermore, under irradiation of visible light, antibacterial activity of marigold flowers mediated (S1), neem leaves mediated (S2), and arjuna bark mediated (S3) CuS samples were studied. XRD data confirmed the marigold mediated CuS sample has relatively smaller crystallites size of 10.67 nm. The estimated band gap energies for respective S1, S2, and S3 samples are 174 eV, 175 eV, and 177 eV. The antibacterial analysis of S1 sample displays its excellent antibacterial activity with the formation of relatively large inhibition zones of 29 mm and 30 mm diameters, against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida respectively. The demonstrated antibacterial activity of biocompatible CuS nanoparticles suggests their potential use in biomedical applications.

In vitro assessment of corrosion, antibacterial properties, and degradation behavior of zirconia-coated polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

The medical industry often uses ceramic and polymeric coatings to safeguard metal substrates. However, more investigation is required to explore the implementation of ceramic coatings on polymer substrates and to determine their degradation and in vitro characteristics. This work involves applying zirconia coating onto the 3D-printed PEEK polymer substrate using the RF magnetron sputtering technique. With varying layer thickness and printing speed parameters, PEEK samples (S1, S2, S3, and S4) were 3D printed and coated with zirconia. The coated and uncoated samples were immersed in Fusayama artificial saliva solution for 30 days. Following immersion in artificial saliva, this study examined the corrosion of 3D-printed PEEK samples with and without coatings. Elemental mapping, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to evaluate sample morphology and estimate the binding energy of possible compounds generated in the artificial saliva solution. In vitro assessments such as antibacterial studies were performed against E. coli and S. aureus, and cytotoxic analysis was performed using Human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) to determine cell proliferation. The results indicated that sample S3, printed with 0.15 mm layer thickness and 20 mm/s print speed coated with zirconia showed a better degradation rate of 9.01% whereas the other three samples S1, S2, and S4 coated with zirconia showed deterioration rates of 36.4%, 33% and 16% respectively. Sample S3 showed a better antibacterial activity as biofilm formation was absent and also showed cell viability of about 79% and hence can be considered as a viable option for dental applications.

Study of the influence of nitrogen doping on magnetic anisotropy in CoFe/MgO thin films with different deposition sequences

Abstract The ferromagnetic (FM)/MgO structure multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) play a crucial role in magnetic random-access memory. It is essential to explore the methods for modulating magnetic anisotropy and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. We study the regulation of the magnetic anisotropy with nitrogen (N) doping concentration (CN) in two samples: Ta/CoFe(N)/MgO/Ta (S1) and Ta/MgO/CoFe(N)/Ta (S2) with different deposition sequences. The S1 sample exhibits in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) without N doping. And the sample presents PMA when CN = 15%. The S2 sample shows weak PMA without N doping, and the sample converts to IMA when CN = 15%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed to evaluate the oxidation level of Fe at the CoFe/MgO interface by the peak area ratio of Fe oxide to Fe (ϵ). It is believed that excessively high and low ϵ values correspond to over-oxidation and under-oxidation of Fe, respectively. For films deposited in different sequences, both over-oxidation and under-oxidation lead to IMA, while moderate oxidation facilitates the formation of PMA. The microstructure analysis reveals that the N doping does not affect the crystallization of the films, indicating that magnetocrystalline anisotropy has a minor influence on the changes of K eff.

Harnessing carboxymethyl cellulose as eco-binder to transform polyester textile waste into high-performance fire-resistant thermal insulation panels

This study aims to investigate the applicability of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a binder in insulating panels made from polyester textile waste (PTW), which is the most produced textile waste worldwide. This combination addresses the pressing need to recycle a widely manufactured material while introducing CMC as an environmentally friendly solution for elaborating panels with excellent thermal insulation and fire resistance. The composite panels were manufactured using compression molding process. The resulting thermal insulation panels demonstrate excellent thermal conductivity values, ranging from 0.0499 to 0.0514 W/m.K, comparable to established insulation materials. Panels with increased CMC content show remarkable mechanical strength, with compressive strengths of 217 kPa and 351 kPa for samples S4 and S5, respectively, and a flexural strength of 1.58 MPa for sample S5. This emphasizes that CMC as a binder helps distribute stresses more evenly across the composite, leading to higher strength and stiffness. Furthermore, employing CMC in the composite preparation confers exceptional resistance to flame propagation, namely, samples S4 and S5 exhibited immediate self-extinguishing properties and resistance to flame propagation. Accordingly, the mechanism behind CMC ability to resist flame propagation was investigated. Despite the composite's remarkable characteristics, its water sensitivity remains a disadvantage. Therefore, this shortcoming has been addressed highlighting several strategies that can be employed to mitigate CMC sensitivity to water including applying a waterproof coating to improve the composite humidity and water resistance increasing its overall durability.

Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Binary ZnO:Al Nanocomposites as Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries

In conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), carbon compounds are commonly utilised as the anode owing to their great performance, low cost, and abundance. However, due to the limited storage capability of pure carbon materials that restrict further improvement of LIBs, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been one of the promising anode materials to be used as an alternative to strengthen the electrochemical performance of LIBs due to its high theoretical capacity of 987 mAh g-1. This study aims to synthesise ZnO:Al nanowires using the hot-tube thermal evaporation method. Three types of samples are made using this method by varying the concentration of 0 wt% (S1), 3wt% (S2), and 6 wt% (S3) of aluminium (Al) during the Al deposition process. The EDX findings indicated that the sample has a high proportion of zinc (Zn) and oxygen (O), with the S3 sample having the highest Al concentration after being deposited. The most substantial diffraction peak for XRD of all samples was found at (101), exhibiting a single crystalline hexagonal structure with optimum growth direction on the c-axis. For EIS analysis, the S3 sample has the lowest bulk resistance and maximum ionic conductivity. In conclusion, the ZnO sample with 3 wt% of Al as a dopant was selected as the optimum result to synthesise a homogenous surface of ZnO:Al with good crystallinity by using a hot-tube thermal evaporation process and giving the best conductivity in electrochemical performance.

Computational study of γ-ray and fast neutron shielding efficacy of (70–x)B2O3 – 5TeO2 – 20SrO – 5ZnO – (x)Bi2O3 glass systems using Phy-X/PSD, XCOM and GEANT-4

Abstract This study investigated the LAC, MAC, half-value thickness, tenth-value thickness, mean free path, Zeff, Neff, FNRCS, EBF, and EABF of a glass composition (70-x)B2O3 – 5TeO2 – 20SrO – 5ZnO – (x)Bi2O3, with x ranging from 0 to 15 mol%. Sample S5 showed the lowest HVT, TVT, and MFP and the highest MAC, LAC, Zeff, and Neff across 300 keV–15 MeV, indicating enhanced γ-ray shielding with higher Bi2O3 content in narrow-beam applications. However, EBF and EABF decreased with Bi2O3 at 0.5 and 1 MeV, but increased at 10 MeV, indicating improved shielding only at low and intermediate energies in broad-beam scenarios. Sample S4 exhibited the highest FNRCS and best neutron shielding efficiency. The comparison of our results with the literature revealed that S5 and S4 are, respectively, even more superior, in shielding γ radiation and neutrons than some of the glass materials that have been recently investigated in the literature. Therefore, in γ-ray shielding applications, incorporating Bi2O3 into the glass matrix is advisable primarily for narrow-beam conditions, and for broad-beam scenarios at intermediate energies, but not at high energies in broad-beam contexts.

Shelf life and storage stability of cold plasma treated kiwifruit juice: kinetic models

ABSTRACT This study examined the quality changes and shelf life of cold plasma (Cold plasma-optimized, S2: 30 kV/5 mm/6.7 min and Cold plasma-extreme, S3: 30 kV/2 mm/10 min) and thermally-treated (S4: 90°C/5 min) kiwifruit juice packed in glass and polyethylene terephthalate bottles stored at 5, 15, and 25°C. Cold plasma and thermally treated juice samples were analyzed for peroxidase activity, microbial enumeration, bioactive compounds degradation, and sensory quality for up to 120 days. The residual activity of peroxidase enzyme in S2 sample after cold plasma treatment was 23.85%, decreasing with increase in storage time and temperature. After cold plasma and thermal treatment, the aerobic mesophiles and yeasts and molds count were below detectable limits in kiwifruit juice. Aerobic mesophiles and yeasts & molds emerged in S2, S3, and S4 samples stored at 5°C after 70, 70, and 90 days, respectively. The total color change increased with increase in storage time and temperature, whereas ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, and overall acceptability decreased. The shelf life of S2 in glass bottles was 100, 80, and 60 days at 5, 15, and 25°C based on total color change ≥ 12, ascorbic acid loss ≥ 50%, microbial count ≥ 6 Log CFU/mL, or overall acceptability < 5. Quality indices, including total color change, overall sensory acceptability, and ascorbic acid, were modeled, and zero-order model performed better than first and second-order reaction models. Furthermore, Arrhenius, Eyring, and Ball models were employed to model temperature-dependent reaction rates, and the Ball model performed better. So, the zero-order reaction and Ball model were combined to predict kiwifruit juice’s shelf life.

Physico-chemical Characteristics of Millet Based Muffins during Storage

Millets are excellent source of protein, minerals and dietary fibers, and therefore they can be supplemented in bakery products and plays a therapeutic role in human health. The present study is aimed at optimizing the level of pearl millet, finger millet and little millet flours for preparation of muffins. In the present study, pearl millet, finger millet and little millet flour was used at the rate of 10%, 20% and 10% respectively for treatment S1and for treatment S2, pearl millet, finger millet and little millet flour % was 10%, 15% and 15% respectively. For treatment S3, pearl millet, finger millet and little millet flour content was 10%, 10% and 20% respectively. Control samples were prepared using wheat flour in treatment S0. And after, the formulation of the samples, all the muffins were undertaken for proximate composition. The standardization of samples were done based on sensory scores. The results showed that samples of S1 treatment scored highest in color, texture and overall acceptability in organoleptic evaluation. Therefore, S1 sample was optimized and was further kept for storage studies. The moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate and ash % was found to be 22.20, 18.21, 12.64, 45.23 and 1.94% respectively in muffin sample of S1 treatment which was considered as the standardized product. And after, the samples of S1 treatment were subjected to storage studies at room temperature, it was found that the muffin samples remained acceptable up to 60 days of storage as there was no microbial spoilage found on the product.

Antimicrobial efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gel, triphala, and Azadirachta indica as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract Context: Concerns about adverse reactions and the development of antibiotic resistance have prompted an alternative treatment strategy that utilizes traditional medicinal herbs. Aim: This randomized control trial assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, Triphala, and Azadirachta indica as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with nonvital teeth and single root canals were selected (n = 10). Following the initial access opening, the first microbial samples (S1) were collected using paper points. Second microbial samples (S2) were collected following the chemo-mechanical preparation and 1 week after introducing the intracanal medicaments. Group I: 2% CHX, Group II: A. indica, Group III: Triphala, and Group IV: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). S1 and S2 samples were collected, and bacterial growth was observed using the colony-forming unit (CFU) count. Statistical Analysis: Comparison of the difference in CFU count among four groups was performed using one-way ANOVA test (P &lt; 0.05) followed by post hoc Tukey test. Results: Reduction in CFU count postmedication S2 from S1 in each group was statistically significant. Percentage reduction in CFU count was highest in Triphala group followed by A. indica and 2% CHX group. Percentage reduction in CFU count was least in Ca(OH)2 group. The post hoc pairwise comparison of % reduction in CFU count among four groups showed that the percent reduction was highest in Triphala group. Conclusion: Triphala has considerable antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis.

Fabrication and experimental investigations on mechanical properties of stir cast aluminum MMC with the addition of ash

Abstract Aluminium alloys are lightweight and high strength materials which are extensively used in engineering applications. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) based on aluminium have significantly increased in the field of newer materials for high-performance mechanical uses. Aluminium metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) are more involved in mining, aerospace, marine, and automobile applications. Aluminium liquid casting is typically used to treat metal matrix for composites. Such casting is carried out using the liquid casting method. In this article, using the stir casting technique, an effort has been made to create a metal matrix composite by choosing aluminium (Al6061) as matrix material and silicon carbide, cow dung and buffalo dung ash as reinforcement. This ash is biodegradable in nature. Four types of samples were prepared from this composite for all the tests which were named S1, S2, S3, and S4, with Al6061 as 100%, 84%, 82%, and 80%, respectively. Four mechanical properties, i.e., micro hardness, density, tensile strength and compressive strength, were investigated and the effect of hybrid ash was studied. Maximum density, microhardness, tensile strength and compressive strength were achieved for sample S2 due to the highest percentage of silicon carbide and the lowest percentage of hybrid ash. Addition of ash proved good alternative as a sustainable reinforcement.

A Comparison Study of Photocatalytic Performance of TiO2 Anatase Phase Prepared from Different Procedures

In this work, three TiO2 anatase phase samples, labeled as S1, S2, and S3, were synthesized using varying titanium precursors, solvents, and conditions to compare their photocatalytic performances. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized samples were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained results indicated that all samples exhibited an anatase crystalline phase. Sample S1 notably featured nanowires with an average diameter of 38.6 nm. Meanwhile, samples S2 and S3 comprised nanoparticles, each exhibiting unique average sizes of 12.76 nm and 10.11 nm, respectively. The diffuse reflectance spectra reveal that the S3 sample possesses the lowest bandgap, suggesting its potential as the most promising photocatalyst. Additionally, photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were characterized to elucidate the charge transfer mechanisms within the materials. The degradation efficiencies of Rhodamine B (RhB) for samples S1, S2, and S3 were determined to be 17.40%, 17.93%, and 33.04%, respectively, under visible light irradiation. This study provides valuable insights into the criteria for choosing efficient TiO2 photocatalysts.

Environmental sustainability and waste conversion of Prosopis juliflora fibre-reinforced ZnO nanofiller particulates PLA composite- mechanical and thermal analysis

The presence of large quantities of Prosopis juliflora (PJ) fibers in natural habitats presents substantial threats to the environment and economies of numerous developing countries. Utilizing natural fibers in polymer composites can effectively enhance their characteristics. The primary objective of this study is to create a composite material by combining Prosopis Juliflora (PJ) fiber with a polylactic matrix that has been combined with zinc oxide nanofillers. The fabrication process will involve the hand layup technique. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical characteristics, thermal behavior, and thermal stability of the PJ composite, it is necessary to undertake additional investigations. The results showed that the inclusion of zinc oxide filler enhanced the tensile strength (67.29 MPa), flexural strength (64.27 MPa), compressive strength (56.79 MPa), and impact energy (34 J) in sample S5. Additionally, the thermal properties, including thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and short-term heat resistant capacity, were also improved by the addition of zinc oxide filler in sample S5. The deterioration temperature of the PJ composite was determined to be between 312 and 342 °C using thermogravimetric analysis. The failure mode of the PJ composite was investigated using scanning electron microscopy.

The effect of the modification mechanism of SiO2 in resin‐based friction materials on the mechanical and tribological performance

AbstractThis study aimed to address the thermal degradation of resin‐based friction materials in the mid‐temperature stage (200–250°C), as well as the resulting instability of the friction coefficient and decrease in the mechanical properties. To investigate the impact on the toughening and wear resistance properties, this study employed nanosilica‐modified resin‐based friction materials. The mechanical, friction, and wear properties of the modified samples were tested using a Rockwell hardness tester, hydraulic universal testing machine, and constant speed friction tester. The phase composition and microstructure of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction. When the mass fraction of nanosilica was 3%, modified sample S3 exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with shear strength and compressive strength reaching 40.3 and 171.7 MPa, respectively, which were increased by 30% and 9% compared to unmodified sample S1. Moreover, the density and hardness of sample S3 showed minimal variation compared to those of unmodified sample S1. In the temperature range of 100–250°C, the wear rate of modified sample S3 remained within the range of 0.22 × 10−7–0.38 × 10−7 N−1 m−1, with a friction coefficient of 0.38 at 200°C, demonstrating excellent wear resistance.

Tailoring optimal KERMA, projected range, and mass stopping power, and gamma-ray shielding capabilities through BaO/ZnO/CdO/SrO incorporation into Na2O–SiO2 glasses

This study explores the radiation shielding potential of Na2O–SiO2 glass matrices doped with BaO, ZnO, CdO, and SrO, analysed across a broad energy spectrum. The research employed various computational tools such as Phy-X/PSD and PAGEX codes to calculate various shielding parameters, including Kinetic Energy Released in Material (KERMA), mass stopping power, fast neutron, and gamma-ray attenuation properties. Among the glass samples, S3, with its BaO content, exhibited the most advantageous properties in terms of radiation attenuation. The results showed that S3 has the lowest Half Value Layer (HVL) of 0.032 cm at 0.015 MeV and the highest KERMA value, peaking at 0.3 MeV with 0.18 MeV/g. The mass stopping power values for alpha particles in the S3 sample showed a pronounced peak at 0.7 MeV, reaching 150 MeV cm2/g, indicating superior energy absorption. The S3 sample, composed of 20% Na2O, 20% BaO, and 60% SiO2, demonstrated the highest density (i.e., 3.225 g/cm³) and effective atomic number (i.e., 17.5), which contributed to its superior shielding performance. The study's findings show that the careful manipulation of glass composition, particularly through the incorporation of high-atomic-number oxides, can significantly enhance shielding effectiveness. It can be concluded that the S3 glass sample would be an optimal configuration for practical applications in radiation protection, where the Na2O–SiO2 glass matrices doped with BaO in terms of optimal material properties.

The advantages and trends of lactic acid fermentation in the production of innovative fruit puree: Analysis with PROMETHEE and cluster.

The goal of this study was to create a fermented probiotic fruit puree for lactose-intolerant people, vegetarians, and infants over 6 months old. Fermented fruit purees were developed using apples, peaches, and bananas with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains: Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (S5), Lactobacillus fermentum strain w8 (S10), and Lactobacillus pentosus strain ml104 (S14). Different fruit puree formulations were produced using three strains, two inoculation ratios (4% and 5%), and two fermentation durations (24 and 48h). The physicochemical parameters (pH, total soluble solids, and color), total phenols content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity, bacterial viability, volatile aroma profile (VAP), and individual phenolic compound profile of fruit puree fermented for both 24 and 48h were compared with the unfermented (control) purees. The results of VAP were evaluated via PROMETHEE and cluster analysis. Time of fermentation and bacterial cultures at varied concentrations improved color values of samples (L*, a*, and b*) compared to controls. The level of bioactive compounds in several samples (S10 and S14) decreased after fermentation in contrast to S5 samples. The bacterial population in the samples ranged from ∼7.00 to 9.50 log CFU/g after 48-h fermentation. The fruit puree samples exhibited the presence of two different phenolic compounds and a total of 17 distinct volatile aroma compounds. The control sample scored highest for aromatic components in PROMETHEE, while S14-II was the most unique sample in cluster analysis. In conclusion, fermented probiotic fruit puree shown high promise as a carrier for live probiotics, and the fermentation process boosted the nutritional content of the fruit puree.

Influences of symmetric tilt grain boundary on the stretching deformation behaviors of Cu bicrystals

The microstructure of grain boundary (GB) becomes an important factor affecting the strength of nanomaterials during plastic deformation. In this work, Cu bicrystals with different coincidence site lattice (CSL) interfaces are constructed, and the influences of the symmetric tilt interface on the mechanical properties and plastic deformation behaviors during uniaxial tension are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate that the peak stress of tensile stress-strain curves for most bicrystals is lower than its monocrystalline samples, except CSL3, CSL11 and CSL57 bicrystals with a continuous and single structural unit. The CSL3 bicrystal has the highest strength, while CSL33 bicrystal has the lowest strength among all the tested samples. The CSL11 and CSL57 bicrystals with a lower GB energy have a higher stability of interface, which delays the yielding. Moreover, the generation of twin and stair-rod dislocation at the interfaces strengthens the CSL11 and CSL57 bicrystals. The CSL3 almost has the same parameters as its monocrystalline sample S3, massive research has confirmed that the sample with a higher density twin (CSL3 interface) exhibits higher combined properties of strength and plasticity. This work may provide a guideline for GB engineering to improve material properties by controlling the GB structure.

Comparison In Vitro Study on the Interface between Skin and Bone Cell Cultures and Microporous Titanium Samples Manufactured with 3D Printing Technology Versus Sintered Samples.

Percutaneous implants osseointegrated into the residuum of a person with limb amputation need to provide mechanical stability and protection against infections. Although significant progress has been made in the biointegration of percutaneous implants, the problem of forming a reliable natural barrier at the level of the surface of the implant and the skin and bone tissues remains unresolved. The use of a microporous implant structure incorporated into the Skin and Bone Integrated Pylon (SBIP) should address the issue by allowing soft and bone tissues to grow directly into the implant structure itself, which, in turn, should form a reliable barrier to infections and support strong osseointegration. To evaluate biological interactions between dermal fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts in vitro, small titanium discs (with varying pore sizes and volume fractions to achieve deep porosity) were fabricated via 3D printing and sintering. The cell viability MTT assay demonstrated low cytotoxicity for cells co-cultured in the pores of the 3D-printed and sintered Ti samples during the 14-day follow-up period. A subsequent Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the relative gene expression of biomarkers that are associated with cell adhesion (α2, α5, αV, and β1 integrins) and extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, vitronectin, type I collagen) demonstrated that micropore sizes ranging from 200 to 500 µm of the 3D printed and sintered Ti discs were favorable for dermal fibroblast adhesion. For example, for representative 3D-printed Ti sample S6 at 72 h the values were 4.71 ± 0.08 (α2 integrin), 4.96 ± 0.08 (α5 integrin), 4.71 ± 0.08 (αV integrin), and 1.87 ± 0.12 (β1 integrin). In contrast, Ti discs with pore sizes ranging from 400 to 800 µm demonstrated the best results (in terms of marker expression related to osteogenic differentiation, including osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin, TGF-β1, and SMAD4) for MC3T3-E1 cells. For example, for the representative 3D sample S4 on day 14, the marker levels were 11.19 ± 0.77 (osteopontin), 7.15 ± 0.29 (osteonectin), and 6.08 ± 0.12 (osteocalcin), while for sintered samples the levels of markers constituted 5.85 ± 0.4 (osteopontin), 4.45 ± 0.36 (osteonectin), and 4.46 ± 0.3 (osteocalcin). In conclusion, the data obtained show the high biointegrative properties of porous titanium structures, while the ability to implement several pore options in one structure using 3D printing makes it possible to create personalized implants for the best one-time integration with both skin and bone tissues.

Investigation of genes involved in scent and color production in Rosa damascena Mill

Rosa damascena Mill., commonly known as the King Flower, is a fragrant and important species of the Rosaceae family. It is widely used in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The scent and color of the flowers are significant characteristics of this ornamental plant. This study aimed to investigate the relative expression of MYB1, CCD1, FLS, PAL, CER1, GT1, ANS and PAR genes under two growth stages (S1 and S2) in two morphs. The CCD1 gene pathway is highly correlated with the biosynthesis of volatile compounds. The results showed that the overexpression of MYB1, one of the important transcription factors in the production of fragrance and color, in the Hot pink morph of sample S2 increased the expression of PAR, PAL, FLS, RhGT1, CCD1, ANS, CER1, and GGPPS. The methyl jasmonate (MeJA) stimulant had a positive and cumulative effect on gene expression in most genes, such as FLS in ACC.26 of the S2 sample, RhGT1, MYB1, CCD1, PAR, ANS, CER1, and PAL in ACC.1. To further study, a comprehensive analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the principal volatile compounds and colors. Our data suggest that the rose with pink flowers had a higher accumulation content of flavonoids and anthocyanin. To separate essential oil compounds, GC/MS analysis identified 26 compounds in four samples. The highest amount of geraniol, one of the main components of damask rose, was found in the Hot pink flower, 23.54%, under the influence of the MeJA hormone.

Investigating the Characteristics of Engineering Properties of Concrete Made from Hormak River Sediments and Sistan Reed Fibers

The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of engineering properties of concrete made from Hormak river sediments and Sistan reed fibers.in order to investigate the effect of reed fibers on the engineering properties of concrete, the ratio of water to cement in all designs is constant and equal to 195 to 410 and experiments have been performed on 5 samples containing fibers and without fibers, before determining the optimal amount of each From the mentioned fibers to strengthen the concrete, the results of the necessary tests on fresh and hardened concrete were examined. In this study, in addition to mixing reed fibers with concrete, laboratory methods such as Compressive and tensile strength were used to confirm the accuracy of the results and the importance of selecting suitable materials at low cost in a short time before the concrete mixing project. The results show that the addition of reed fibers to concrete has increased the compressive strength in concrete samples Comparing the results of this test in ordinary concrete and fiber reinforced concrete, showed that this increase in strength at the ages of 7 to 28 days has increased only in samples S2 and S3 and is Similar to the typical concrete example isS1, While in S4 and S5 samples, which were samples of three-row fibers, there is a large decrease in compressive strength. Adding reed fibers initially increases the compressive and tensile strengths, but over time reduces these resistances. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.789