Sampling Method Research Articles

Metagenomic analysis reveals the community composition of the microbiome in different segments of the digestive tract in donkeys and cows: implications for microbiome research

IntroductionThe intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in health and disease. This study aimed to assess the composition and functional diversity of the intestinal microbiota in donkeys and cows by examining samples collected from different segments of the digestive tract using two distinct techniques: direct swab sampling and faecal sampling.ResultsIn this study, we investigated and compared the effects of multiple factors on the composition and function of the intestinal microbial community. Approximately 300 GB of metagenomic sequencing data from 91 samples obtained from various segments of the digestive tract were used, including swabs and faecal samples from monogastric animals (donkeys) and polygastric animals (cows). We assembled 4,004,115 contigs for cows and 2,938,653 contigs for donkeys, with a total of 9,060,744 genes. Our analysis revealed that, compared with faecal samples, swab samples presented a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes, whereas faecal samples presented a greater abundance of Firmicutes. Additionally, we observed significant variations in microbial composition among different digestive tract segments in both animals. Our study identified key bacterial species and pathways via different methods and provided evidence that multiple factors can influence the microbial composition. These findings provide new insights for the accurate characterization of the composition and function of the gut microbiota in microbiome research.ConclusionsThe results obtained by both sampling methods in the present study revealed that the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in donkeys and cows exhibit species-specific and region-specific differences. These findings highlight the importance of using standardized sampling protocols to ensure accurate and consistent characterization of the intestinal microbiota in various animal species. The implications and underlying mechanisms of these associations provide multiple perspectives for future microbiome research.

Molecular detection of Chlamydia psittaci in birds: a systematic review.

Molecular methods are currently the most sensitive for detecting Chlamydia psittaci in birds. Most laboratories have developed their own molecular assays or adapted published protocols, often making slight modifications to fit their specific study purposes. The sensitivity and specificity of a molecular test depend on the target genes, primer sequences, types of molecular tests, DNA extraction methods, and sampling methods. We reviewed 120 articles published between 2000 to 2020 to compile information on molecular detection of C. psittaci in birds. Of the ten genomic targets currently available to detect C. psittaci in birds, the ompA gene was the most widely used. In published surveillance studies, of the fourteen molecular test types, conventional PCR and quantitative PCR were applied the most. A testing strategy using a hierarchical approach that includes molecular tests of genus- and species-specific targets is recommended to detect other avian chlamydial species besides the well-recognised C. psittaci. Samples should be sourced from both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract whenever possible for better accuracy. High-quality DNA can be obtained when the sample is preserved in optimal media and temperature, and optimised DNA extraction protocol is applied. Standardisation and validation of molecular Chlamydia tests is needed to enhance the comparability and reliability of assays to detect C. psittaci and other chlamydiae species in birds.Research highlights Hierarchical molecular testing is recommended for detection of avian C. psittaci.Key molecular tests for surveillance were conventional PCR and quantitative PCR.The most used genomic target to detect C. psittaci in birds was ompA gene.

No viral no justice: is it a principle of social justice? (Study of viral cases on social media in Indonesia)

Purpose This study aims to analyze the impact of the virality of legal cases on social media on law enforcement. This research also aims to find a balance between virality and the value of justice in society so that it can have a positive impact on law enforcement. Design/methodology/approach The approach used in this research is a case approach. The case approach is used by analyzing the law enforcement process carried out by the police to the judge’s considerations (ratio dedicendi) in deciding legal cases that went viral on social media. The cases that became the research object were determined through the purposive sampling method. Findings The no viral no justice phenomenon is a form of community sympathy and concern in the digital space for injustice in the law enforcement process. As one of the countries with the largest number of social media users in the world, Indonesia has the potential for digital space to form large collective movements and contribute to upholding justice in a practical way. On the positive side, no viral no justice has succeeded in speeding up the law enforcement process and creating a transparent law enforcement process. From the negative side, no viral no justice does not guarantee and does not provide legal certainty and justice in the legal process (due process of law) because the law is influenced by strong public pressure. Research limitations/implications This research examines several legal cases that attracted public attention and went viral through the digital space in Indonesia. Practical implications The results of this research are useful for finding a balance between the principle of virality and the value of justice in society so that the no viral no justice phenomenon has a positive impact on law enforcement. Social implications For the community, the results and recommendations in this study can create and strengthen civic engagement in the law enforcement process through digital space. For law enforcers, especially police, prosecutors and judges, it is hoped that the results of this study will improve the quality of fair, transparent, fast and impartial law enforcement. Originality/value This research identifies and analyzes several legal cases that have gone viral so that the influence of the virality of legal cases and public pressure on law enforcement can be found.

Enhancing sustainability with improved cook stoves: an analysis of product quality, consumer satisfaction and word-of-mouth through expectancy disconfirmation theory

Purpose Anchoring on expectancy disconfirmation theory, this study aims to investigate the influence of product quality, customer satisfaction and word-of-mouth (WOM) on improved cook stoves (ICSs). The study also examines customer satisfaction as a mediator and explores a case-specific analysis of the interrelationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were elicited using a structured survey conducted during February 2024 across rural, semirural and urban areas in Nepal. A purposive sampling method was used, distributing 300 questionnaires and obtaining 222 valid responses, reflecting a response rate of 74%. Respondents included 70 females and 152 males, with an average age of 32.42 years, and 48.2% of the population from rural areas. Hypotheses tested included product quality affecting WOM, product quality impacting customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction mediating the relationship between product quality and WOM. PLS-SEM was used for hypothesis testing. Findings The results reveal that product quality significantly enhances WOM and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between product quality and WOM, emphasizing the importance of satisfaction as a driver of positive WOM. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on ICS adoption in a specific region. Future research should explore these dynamics across different cultural and geographic contexts to validate and generalize the findings. Originality/value This research provides a novel perspective on the role of product quality and customer satisfaction in driving WOM for ICSs. It highlights how consumer satisfaction mediates these relationships, offering actionable insights for improving ICS adoption strategies.

Flow Matching for Optimal Reaction Coordinates of Biomolecular Systems.

We present flow matching for reaction coordinates (FMRC), a novel deep learning algorithm designed to identify optimal reaction coordinates (RC) in biomolecular reversible dynamics. FMRC is based on the mathematical principles of lumpability and decomposability, which we reformulate into a conditional probability framework for efficient data-driven optimization using deep generative models. While FMRC does not explicitly learn the well-established transfer operator or its eigenfunctions, it can effectively encode the dynamics of leading eigenfunctions of the system transfer operator into its low-dimensional RC space. We further quantitatively compare its performance with several state-of-the-art algorithms by evaluating the quality of Markov state models (MSM) constructed in their respective RC spaces, demonstrating the superiority of FMRC in three increasingly complex biomolecular systems. In addition, we successfully demonstrated the efficacy of FMRC for bias deposition in the enhanced sampling of a simple model system. Finally, we discuss its potential applications in downstream applications such as enhanced sampling methods and MSM construction.

STROKE PREVENTION ALTERNATIVE: APPLICATION-BASED STROKE PATH EDUCATION FOR HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

In many regions of the world, hypertension is becoming more common. There are 74.5 million American adults older than 20 who have hypertension, although 90% of these instances have no identified etiology. The signs and symptoms of hypertension can differ from person to person and resemble those of other conditions. It is a silent killer. As a result of the high prevalence of hypertension in primary healthcare and the fact that up to 34.1% of Indonesians under the age of 18 suffer from the condition, there are an estimated 63,209,620 instances of hypertension in the country. In the meantime, there have been 427,218 cases of hypertension-related deaths in Indonesia. If left untreated, hypertension. If hypertension is not treated appropriately, it can damage blood vessels all throughout the body yet the risk of damage to the kidneys, heart, brain, and eyes is the most obvious. With the use of both pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological therapy, these dangers can be avoided and reduced. Knowing how to recognize a stroke clearly can help someone who has hypertension reduce their risk of having one. This research goal is to evaluate the effects of stroke preventive education's "Stroke Path" application-based approach on hypertension patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. A control group and a pre-posttest quasi-experimental design are used in this investigation. The sample size was established by using the test statistic of the mean-variance variance of the two unique teams, and simple random sampling was applied as the sampling method. For the purposes of processing and analyzing statistical data, paired and independent t-tests were used in this study. Outcomes of the application-based stroke path education intervention in terms of knowledge, attitude, and behavior (p=0.000, respectively). In conclusion, application-based stroke prevention education is effective at enhancing patients' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior..

The Influence of Career Development, Compensation and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention (Study at PT. Mega Pasanggrahan Indah Unit Cinere Bellevue Mall)

This study aims to analyze the effect of career development, compensation and organizational commitment on turnover intention. The population in this study were 116 employees of PT. Mega Pasanggrahan Indah Unit Cinere Bellevue Mall. The sample used is 54 employees, calculated based on the Slovin formula. Sampling method using simple random sampling. This research is a type of causal associative research. The instrument of this research used a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this research is the Smart PLS version 3.0 application. The results of this study prove that career development has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention, compensation has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention, and organizational commitment has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention

The Role of Debt Policy, Dividend Policy, and Investment Decisions on Firm Value

This study aims to explore the role of debt policy, dividend policy and investment decisions on Firm Value, especially in telecommunications companies, during the period 2019 to 2022. The sampling method used was purposive sampling, and data analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 20. From the findings, the debt policy -DER (X1) affects firm value. The study found that the DER regression coefficient is -41.649, with a t-value of -2.085 and a significance of 0.048 (<0.05), indicating that debt policy significantly affects firm value (H1 accepted). For DPR, the regression coefficient is 68.923, but the t-value is 0.154 with a significance of 0.411 (>0.05), meaning dividend policy does not significantly impact firm value (H2 rejected). This aligns with the bird-in-hand theory, suggesting current dividend payments are preferred over future capital gains. Meanwhile, PER (X3) has a positive regression coefficient of 0.539, a t-value of 0.645, and a significance of 0.025 (<0.05), confirming a positive and significant impact on firm value (H3 accepted). These findings offer insights into the dynamics of debt, dividend, and investment decisions within the telecommunications sector.

Continuous Biosensing to Monitor Acute Systemic Inflammation, a Diagnostic Need for Therapeutic Guidance.

Continuous monitoring of acute inflammation can become a very important next step for guiding therapeutic interventions in severely ill patients. This Perspective discusses the current medical need for patients with acute inflammatory diseases and the potential of continuous biosensing technologies. First, we discuss biomarkers that could help to monitor the state of a patient with acute systemic inflammation based on theoretical studies and empirical data. Then, based on the state of the art, we describe sensing strategies that could be applied for the continuous monitoring of acute inflammatory biomarkers, followed by challenges that must be overcome. Nanoswitch-based continuous biosensors enable suitable measurement frequencies but still lack sensitivity, while regeneration risks lower sensor reliability. Developments are still needed in bioreceptors and molecular architectures, regeneration techniques, combined with suitable sampling and sample pretreatment methods, for bringing continuous biosensing of inflammation closer to reality. Furthermore, collaborations between healthcare professionals and scientists, regulatory bodies, and biosensor engineers are needed for a successful translation of sensing technologies from the laboratory to clinical practice.

Generative modeling and augmentation of EEG signals using improved diffusion probabilistic models.

The development of deep learning models for electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing is often constrained by the limited availability of high-quality data. Data augmentation techniques are among the solutions to overcome these challenges, and deep neural generative models, with their data synthesis capabilities, are potential candidates. The current work investigates enhanced diffusion probabilistic models (DPM) and sampling methods for brain signal generation and data augmentation. We used implicit sampling and progressive distillation to shorten the inference and subsequently analysed the effects of these methods on the generated data. To assess the feasibility of our method, four classification models were trained and evaluated in an inter-subject setting on datasets augmented with synthetic signals. Our analysis of generative metrics and statistical evaluations, including subject- and group-level tests, showed that our DPMs could generate visual evoked potentials and motor imagery signals. Distilled, single-step DPMs were trained on two publicly available datasets and were used to synthesize relatively high-quality EEG samples. The performance of the classifiers was improved by the application of the synthesized signals. The present work demonstrates that DPMs are capable of augmenting data with high fidelity and improving the diversity of EEG signals. Although samples can be generated in a single step, there is a significant trade-off between the data quality and sampling steps. The findings and results of this study demonstrate the promising capability of diffusion models for EEG synthesis, which marks progress toward an efficient and generalizable augmentation method for various EEG decoding tasks.

Identification of Aquatic Plant Species Suitable for Growing in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Systems in Southwest Bangladesh

Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Bangladesh began in the 1970s and has become a significant export industry. Despite its potential, there are concerns about the environmental sustainability of prawn farming due to its high greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, but implementation of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) may help minimize the GHG emission. A key element in IMTA is using plants to take up inorganic nutrients released by the prawns, producing valuable plant products and cleaning the water. Using a quadrat sampling method, we conducted a field study in combined prawn and shrimp ponds, aquaculture fishponds, and non-aquaculture waters in south- west Bangladesh to characterize plant diversity and identify suitable species for IMTA in prawn farms. A total of 38 plant species were identified with densities ranging from 4.5–6.1 plants/m2 in the aquaculture ponds to 11.6–17.1 plants/m2 in the prawn/shrimp and the non-aquaculture ponds. Free-floating plants were the most abundant, followed by emergent, floating anchored, and submerged plants. Most plants have commercial values as food, fodder, fish feed, fertilizer, or medicines to local people. Our results suggest that species within the Oxalis, Ipomoea, Azolla, and Lemna genera are suitable extractive aquatic plants for the implementation of IMTA in prawn farms and may improve the sustainability of prawn production.

Earthquake From the Perspectives of Amputee Children and Their Parents/Caregivers: A Phenomenological Study.

Earthquakes cause significant psychological and physical trauma in children, especially when leading to amputations, as they disrupt physical, emotional, and social well-being. This study was conducted phenomenologically to explore the experiences of children amputated in the Kahramanmaraş earthquake and their parents/caregivers. This study was conducted as a phenomenological study with children who were amputated in the Kahramanmaraş earthquake and their parents/caregivers between August and October 2023. The sample of the study consisted of seven children and their parents/caregivers who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate in the study through purposive sampling method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using an introductory information form and a semistructured interview form developed by the researcher. It was found that 57.2% of the children who participated in our study were male and their mean age was 11.25 ± 4.02 years. It was found that all the children's houses were destroyed in the earthquake, they were trapped under the debris, and they experienced losses in their family members and relatives. As a result of data analysis, nine themes were identified as apocalypse, pain, fear, and hopelessness for children and apocalypse, helplessness, pain, anger, and hopelessness for parents/caregivers. This study found that earthquake-affected amputee children perceived the earthquake as an apocalypse, experienced prolonged pain during hospitalization, continued to fear the earthquake, and felt hopeless about the future. The children's parents/caregivers also reported that they perceived the earthquake as an apocalypse, that they felt helpless and hopeless for themselves and the children, and that the children had angry/irritable behavior with pain after the disaster.

Stakeholder analysis of banning unhealthy product advertisement in Iran

BackgroundThe advertising of unhealthy products, including unhealthy foods, drugs with abuse potential, certain cosmetic products and services, and tobacco, has raised significant public health concerns due to its role in increasing consumption and contributing to the rise of non-communicable diseases. Policy development and enforcement in this area necessitate an in-depth analysis of the relevant stakeholders. This study aims to examine the stakeholders involved in regulating the advertisement of unhealthy products in Iran, providing critical evidence for shaping advertising regulations and reducing the societal consumption of such products.MethodsThis qualitative study, conducted in 2022, involved 18 experts experienced in the area of unhealthy product advertisement in Iran. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. The stakeholders' roles, power, positions, and interests were analyzed using Schmeer's guidelines.Results17 stakeholders were identified as relevant to the ban on unhealthy product advertisements, of whom 14 were classified as active and three as inactive. Key stakeholders included radio and television broadcasters, the Ministries of Health, Culture, and Industry, as well as political institutions. The Ministry of Health (MOHME) emerged as a leading advocate for the ban, while the Ministries of Culture and Industry, along with political institutions, were identified as possessing significant power with moderate support for the policy. In contrast, broadcasters and social media platforms were powerful opponents of the ban.ConclusionsThe study underscores the pivotal role of stakeholders with high power and medium interest in the success of policies aimed at banning unhealthy product advertisements. Key challenges included conflicts of interest, insufficient penalties for organizations violating advertising regulations, organizational disputes, limited human and financial resources, lack of clear implementation guidelines, weak community engagement, and inadequate oversight. Engaging key stakeholders effectively could mitigate these obstacles and facilitate more effective health policy interventions in the future.

Decoding Consumer Minds in the Age of Online Accommodation Reviews: A Client Profiling Approach

In the era of online accommodation reviews, understanding the consumer mind is essential for the hospitality industry. This study seeks to profile consumers based on their reservation decisions made after reviewing online feedback and to explore the complex relationship between consumer perceptions and their decision-making processes. To lay a solid foundation for this research, a thorough bibliometric analysis was conducted to map the existing literature and identify key trends in the field. Data were collected using a non-probability convenience sampling method through an online survey targeting Romanian residents. Performing a hierarchical cluster analysis, followed by a K-means cluster analysis, distinct consumer segments with varying levels of trust and responsiveness were identified. The four primary clusters are Young Risk-Averse Planners, Trust-Oriented Quality Seekers, Skeptical Detail Seekers and Independent Value Seekers. Each segment displayed unique preferences regarding the types of reviews they value and their influence on booking decisions. These findings highlight the need for hotel managers and marketers to develop tailored strategies that cater to the diverse needs of consumers, enhancing service delivery and promoting sustainable tourism practices. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of online reviews and stresses the importance of understanding consumer perceptions in navigating the complexities of today’s hospitality industry.

The impact of electronic health literacy on emotional management ability among college students: the mediating roles of peer relationships and exercise self-efficacy

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore electronic health literacy’s impact on college students’ emotional management ability and analyze the chained mediating effects of peer relationships and exercise self-efficacy.MethodsThe study used stratified, cluster, and staged sampling methods to collect demographic information. Electronic health literacy, peer relationships, exercise self-efficacy, and emotional management ability data were collected among college students using the Questionnaire Star software. A total of 30,105 valid questionnaires were obtained, with a valid response rate of 98.7%. Using Process Model 6, investigated how electronic health literacy sequentially influences emotional management ability through mediators such as peer relationships and exercise self-efficacy.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between electronic health literacy and emotional management ability (r = 0.496, P < 0.01), between electronic health literacy and peer relationships (r = 0.226, P < 0.01), and between electronic health literacy and exercise self-efficacy (r = 0.180, P < 0.01). Peer relationships were significantly positively correlated with exercise self-efficacy (r = 0.142, P < 0.01) and emotional management ability (r = 0.396, P < 0.01). Exercise self-efficacy was significantly positively correlated with emotional management ability (r = 0.339, P < 0.01). Electronic health literacy significantly and positively predicted emotional management ability (β = 0.254, P < 0.001). There was a mediating effect of peer relationships between electronic health literacy and emotional management ability, accounting for 58.2% of the impact, 95%CI: [0.036,0.042]. Exercise self-efficacy also mediated the relationship between electronic health literacy and emotional management ability, accounting for 61.5% of the effect, 95%CI: [0.022,0.027]. Moreover, a chained mediating effect of peer relationships and exercise self-efficacy was observed between electronic health literacy and emotional management ability, accounting for 17.1% of the effect, 95%CI: [0.004,0.005].ConclusionElectronic health literacy among college students can positively predict emotional management ability. Both peer relationships and exercise self-efficacy play a chained mediating role between electronic health literacy and emotional management ability.

The associations between emotional empathy, emotional intelligence, and COVID-19-related stress among nursing students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has variably affected the stress levels among students. Nursing students, as the reserve force of medical resources and the successors of frontline nursing staff, warrant particular attention regarding their stress levels. This study investigates the relationship between emotional empathy, emotional intelligence, and COVID-19-related stress in nursing students and examines the masking role of emotional intelligence in this relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2023 using multi-stage sampling method to recruit 1126 nursing students from a medical university. Participants completed a demographic information questionnaire, the COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale, and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Data were analyzed using t-tests/ one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression, and the PROCESS macro program to examine the relationships between emotional empathy, emotional intelligence, and COVID-19-related stress, as well as the masking role of emotional intelligence.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed in COVID-19-related stress scores among nursing students from different residential areas (P < 0.05); Emotional empathy was significantly positively correlated with emotional intelligence and its dimensions. Emotional empathy also showed a significant positive correlation with COVID-19-related stress. Emotional intelligence and its dimensions were significantly negatively correlated with COVID-19-related stress; Emotional empathy and emotional intelligence were significant predictors of COVID-19-related stress; Emotional intelligence and its dimensions demonstrated a masking effect on the relationship between emotional empathy and COVID-19-related stress, with total effect sizes of -0.023 for emotional intelligence, -0.021 for emotional attention, -0.017 for emotional clarity, and − 0.018 for emotional repair.ConclusionEmotional empathy and emotional intelligence were significant predictors of COVID-19-related stress among nursing students. Emotional intelligence masked the impact of emotional empathy on COVID-19-related stress. Schools should implement stress management programs for nursing students that focus on enhancing emotional intelligence and moderating excessive emotional empathy. These programs are particularly crucial during public health emergencies to reduce stress levels and promote mental well-being.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Electronic health literacy and its associated factors among university students using social network sites (SNSs) in a resource-limited setting, 2022: cross-sectional study

BackgroundE-health literacy is defined as an individual’s ability to look for and appraise health information from online electronic sources. In this digital age, e-health literacy is one of the most important determinants of health and health behaviors, particularly among adolescents who often influenced by information from various social network sites (SNSs) in developed countries. However, there is limited evidence regarding eHealth literacy level and its associated factors among jimma university undergraduate students using SNSs in less developed settings.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine eHealth literacy level and its associated factors among Jimma university students using Social Network Sites, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Jimma University from June 2022 to July 2022. A multistage stratified sampling method was applied to select 794 study participants. Multivariate linear regression modeling was performed to examine the associations between the dependent and independent variables. A P value < 5% was considered statistically significant.ResultA total of 794 respondents (response rate 93.8%) participated in the study. The majority of the respondents (485, 61.1%) were male, with a mean age of 22.6 years. The mean e-health literacy score was (M = 26.68 (SD ± 4.90) range = 31).Year [β = 0.086; 95% CI (0.082–0.676)], urban residents [β = 0.202; 95% CI (1.341– 2.634)], SNSs for health information [β = 0.165; 95% CI (-0.998–3.190)], Membership in SNSs [β = 0.569; 95% CI (0.324-0.814)], you tube usage [β = 1.545; 95% CI (1.177–1.913)], Google usage (β = 0.898; 95% CI (0.512-1.284)], and medical application users [β = 0.194; 95% CI (-1.227- -2.595)] were significantly related to eHealth literacy.ConclusionThis study indicated that the participants had a low level of eHealth literacy. In addition, year of study, previous residency, SNSs for health information, medical application user, Membership in SNSs, youtube usage and Google usages were among the factors significantly associated with e-health literacy. Expanding internet access and infrastructure across higher educational institutions are key ways to improve e-health literacy.

The Role of Atlas Application in Moderating the Influence of Due Professional Care and Accountability on Audit Risk Assessment

This study examines the role of the ATLAS application in moderating the influence of due professional care and accountability on audit risk assessment in public accounting firms (KAP) in Bali Province. This study uses a quantitative approach with the purposive sampling method to determine respondents, and data analysis is carried out using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). This study uses the COSO ERM theory to help understand and explain the research results related to risk management in the audit process. The study results show that due professional care has a positive and significant effect on audit risk assessment in Bali Province, which indicates that auditors who perform their duties with professional prudence tend to produce more accurate risk assessments. On the other hand, accountability had a positive but insignificant effect on audit risk assessment, suggesting that although there is a positive relationship, the influence is not strong enough to be considered statistically significant. The role of ATLAS cannot moderate the influence of due professional care or accountability on audit risk assessment, which indicates that ATLAS, although designed to support the audit process, has not been effective in strengthening the relationship. This study provides insights into the importance of due professional care in audit risk assessment and optimising the use of ATLAS in implementing audits.

The Association Between Motor Competence and Inhibitory Control in Preschool Children

Background: Inhibitory control is a higher-order cognitive function that affects children’s lives and learning, and the development of inhibitory control plays a vital role in the overall development of preschool children. However, most studies have paid more attention to inhibitory and physical fitness, but less focus on motor competence. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the association between motor competence and inhibitory control in preschool children. Methods: A total of 160 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years were selected using a stratified random sampling method, and both motor ability and inhibitory control were assessed. Motor competence was assessed via the Children’s Motor Assessment Battery, Version 2 (MABC-2). Inhibitory control was assessed using the one-on-one iPad-based Early Year Toolbox and reflected by reaction time and accuracy. Results: A total of 153 preschoolers were included in the final statistical analysis. After adjusting the confounders, motor competence was associated with accuracy (β = 0.010, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.017). Similarly, a negative association was observed between motor competence and reaction time (β = −0.008, 95% CI: −0.014, −0.002). Compared with the participants in the lowest group, motor competence (β = 0.051 95% CI: 0.003, 0.098), manual dexterity (β = 0.106 95% CI: 0.043, 0.170), and balance (β = 0.065 95% CI: 0.002, 0.129) were all positively associated with accuracy of those in the highest group. Conclusions: A positive relationship between motor competence and the accuracy of inhibitory control was observed in preschoolers, whereas a negative relationship between motor competence and the reaction time of inhibitory control was also identified. Enhancing preschool children’s motor competence is likely to facilitate their development of inhibitory control.

The effect of cyberbullying victimization, traditional bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among college students: do specific affective problems play a mediate role?

BackgroundSuicidal ideation among college students and adolescents represents a significant public health issue worldwide. Research has indicated that emotional difficulties may mediate the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation. However, insights from Thomas Joiner’s interpersonal theory and Klonsky’s The Three-Step Theory suggest that suicidal ideation arises not merely from emotional distress but from the interplay of hopelessness along with these emotional challenges. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether variouse affective problems mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among college students.MethodsIn this study, we utilized a convenience sampling method to collect data from 2717 college students (mean age = 19.81 years, 22.49% male) in South China. We examined the relationships between variables using Spearman’s correlation analysis. To analyze potential mediation effects, we employed PROCESS model 4 within SPSS.ResultsOur findings revealed that different forms of bullying victimization can predict experiences of depression, anxiety, and social anxiety. However, these emotional responses did not significantly influenced suicidal ideation among college students. Additionally, while different forms of bullying victimization did not directly correlate with feelings of hopelessness, hopelessness was closely associated with the prevalence of suicidal ideation. Furthermore, our results highlighted a significant mediating role of psychiatric prodromal experiences in the relationship between different forms of bullying victimization and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThe results suggested that affective problems may not serve as a significant mediating factor in the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation. We proposed an integrated emotion-response model that enhances understanding of suicidal ideation among college and offers a framework for more effective prevention strategies.