Same-sex Sexual Relations Research Articles

“Much-Abused Luke”

Abstract This essay revisits a familiar but seldom discussed anecdote of same-sex sexual abuse in the archive of Atlantic slavery: the story of Luke in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861). Through a close reading of Luke’s story, the article advances three claims: (1) the history of slavery is also a history of same-sex sexual terror, (2) the sexual terror of slavery included reproductive sexual violence but was not limited to it, and (3) Incidents is ultimately a story about sexual terror and protest against it in the form of fugitivity. In making these arguments, the article intervenes into current conversations in the feminist historiography of slavery, capitalism, and reproduction and contributes to emerging work on same-sex sexual relations in the context of enslavement. It closes with a short reflection on the stakes of Luke’s story for historiography on sexuality.

THE CONCEPT OF “COMING OUT” OR SELF-DISCLOSURE OF LGBTQ IN WESTERN COUNTRIES, AND ITS IMPACT ON THE INDIAN COMMUNITY

Coming out is the process of accepting one's sexual orientation or gender identity and sharing it openly with other people. It's like a ritual for Westerners to come out after reaching puberty. When someone is ready to come out, their family, friends, and peer group support them. In some states, it is also considered a celebration. The mindset and attitude of people towards LGBTQIA are Different based on Education, Culture, attitudes of people, etc. It is a phenomenon that is necessitated by the prevalence of societal heteronormativity with the recent legal decriminalization of consensual same-sex sexual relationships in India, there is renewed interest in and emergent necessity to expand upon the existing academic discourse on the lives, rights, health, and well-being of same-sex attracted individuals in India. This article focus on the importance of coming out or self-disclosure of gender orientation of LGBTQIA in India. India is the most populated nation in the world but the acceptance of the LGBTQIA community is still a hard topic from the mindset of parents and society. The Western culture is very much impacted on the Indian community so the coming out of LGBTQIA can be more complicated for teens who depend on parents or other adults for care and well-being in India. In this paper, The author tries to indicate the impact of Western culture on gender disclosure in India.

Psychometric Analysis of Personal Anxiety and Students' Academic Achievement in Universities in Cross River State, Nigeria

Social behavioral change communication interventions in Tanzania target populations engaging in high- risk sex behaviors and practices: anal intercourse, sex work, injecting drugs and male same sex relationships excluding women who have sex with women (WSW) or women who identify lesbians. In this paper, I describe terms used in reference to female same-sex sex or sexual relationships, important in health social behavior change communication targeting WSW in Tanzania. Data presented are part of cross-sectional descriptive and retrospective formative study among WSW conducted in Dar-es-Salaam region, Tanzania in 2021. WSW aged 18 and above, stayed in Dar-es-Salaam for six months or more; had had sexual contact with a woman in the past year. Participants were recruited via snowball method. Community leaders/members and managers of NGOs/institution supporting WSW were purposively selected to take part in this study. Researchers used four methods to generated data needed for this study: focus group discussion, in-depth interviewing, observation and collecting WSW’s life stories. Content data analysis was conducted to create categories of terms around female same-sex sex or sexual relationships reported by study participants. Four categories of terms around female same-sex sex or sexual relationships emerged: terms referring to women who identify WSW or lesbians; terminologies referring to female same-sex sex; terms referring to female same-sex-related behaviors and practices; and terminologies referring to items/materials used during female same-sex sex. I conclude WSW in Dar-es-Salaam have coined terms that express their socially- created world. I recommend social behavior change communication programmers in the health education and promotion context to use these terms in developing comprehensive and WSW-friendly research protocols for sustainable behavior change among WSW and the public towards making female same-sex sex safe for reduced HIV and STIs transmission in ..

Terms around Female Same-Sex Sexual Relationships: Resource for Social Behavior Change Communication Interventions Targeting Women Who Have Sex with Women in Tanzania

Social behavioral change communication interventions in Tanzania target populations engaging in high- risk sex behaviors and practices: anal intercourse, sex work, injecting drugs and male same sex relationships excluding women who have sex with women (WSW) or women who identify lesbians. In this paper, I describe terms used in reference to female same-sex sex or sexual relationships, important in health social behavior change communication targeting WSW in Tanzania. Data presented are part of cross-sectional descriptive and retrospective formative study among WSW conducted in Dar-es-Salaam region, Tanzania in 2021. WSW aged 18 and above, stayed in Dar-es-Salaam for six months or more; had had sexual contact with a woman in the past year participated in this study. Participants were recruited via snowball method. Community leaders/members and managers of NGOs/institution supporting WSW were purposively selected to take part in this study. Researchers used four methods to generated data needed for this study: focus group discussion, in-depth interviewing, observation and collecting WSW’s life stories. Content data analysis was conducted to create categories of terms around female same-sex sex or sexual relationships reported by study participants. Four categories of terms around female same-sex sex or sexual relationships emerged: terms referring to women who identify WSW or lesbians; terminologies referring to female same-sex sex; terms referring to female same-sex-related behaviors and practices; and terminologies referring to items/materials used during female same-sex sex. I conclude WSW in Dar-es-Salaam have coined terms that express their socially- created world. I recommend social behavior change communication programmers in the health education and promotion context to use these terms in developing comprehensive and WSW-friendly research protocols for sustainable behavior change among WSW and the public towards making female same-sex sex safe for reduced ....

Same-sex relationships and recriminalisation of homosexuality in Ghana

Most Ghanaians conveniently ignore or vehemently deny the existence of homosexual relationships in precolonial Ghanaian cultures. The denial of these relationships in precolonial Ghanaian cultures has gained attention due to section 104 of the Criminal Offences Act of Ghana which criminalises ‘unnatural carnal knowledge’ and the ‘promotion of proper human sexual rights and Ghanaian family values bill, 2021’ (anti-LGBTQI+ bill), currently being debated in Ghana’s Parliament. Historical evidence suggests, however, that Western European researchers who first visited Africa and Ghana suppressed evidence of homosexuality, while indigenous people unwittingly concealed homosexual relationships because of a ‘culture of silence’ surrounding sex and sexuality in precolonial Ghana. From a decolonial theoretical perspective, this article argues that the non-appreciation of precolonial Ghanaian (homo)sexual history partly accounts for the criminalisation of same-sex sexual relationships, homophobia, violence, and violations of the rights of sexual minorities in contemporary Ghana. The paper connects the presence of same-sex sexual intimacies in the Gold Coast (now Ghana), and the absence of criminal sanctions as a basis for rethinking current attempts in Parliament to recriminalise homosexual relationships, in order to chart a path of the equal legal protection of every person, regardless of their sexual orientation.

Literature and Notions of Black Lesbian Solidarity in Chinelo Okparanta’s Under the Udala Trees

Frances M. Beal (1968) explains that being Black and female is double jeopardy; however, being Black, female, and lesbian is triple jeopardy. Many countries in Africa have criminalised same-sex marriages and sexual relationships. In Nigeria, a sentence of up to 14 years’ imprisonment is likely for people caught in consensual same-sex intercourse. By the same token, 12 northern states of Nigeria’s 36 states have the death penalty for same-sex intercourse. Lesbians in Nigeria and across Africa have continued to suffer structural and non-structural forms of castigation and criticism from various facets of society, which have had overarching effects on the psyche of lesbians in Africa. The average Black lesbian is traumatised and challenged by norms, culture, traditions and religion. These social institutions have been structured to repress lesbians and members of the LGBTQIA+ communities at large. In the fight for their rightful spots in society, solidarity becomes non-negotiable, an essential tool and motivation in the struggle for visibility and protection. Not many works of fiction from Africa have explored the trajectories and struggles of Black lesbians. One of the most significant moves was made by Chinelo Okparanta in 2015, when she published Under the Udala Trees, which is widely tagged as “lesbian fiction.” This article, therefore, contextualises the notions of lesbian solidarity as portrayed in Okparanta’s novel and its essentiality to the struggles of Black lesbian women across the African continent.

Incrementalism Revisited – The Contrasting Approaches of Italy, England and Wales and Northern Ireland Towards Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage

ABSTRACT We contrast the approach taken by Italy and two constituent parts of the UK (England, Wales, and Northern Ireland) toward legalization of same-sex marriage. The incrementalist theory or “step-by-step approach” first advocated by Waaldijk in 2000 predicts that states will take prescribed steps en route to same-sex marriage. The core of incrementalism is that each step (decriminalization of same-sex sexual relations, equality of treatment for gays and lesbians, civil partnership, and finally same-sex marriage) is the logical premise for and in fact necessarily leads to the next step. Reflecting on 22 years of experience, we analyze whether this has been followed in practice in the jurisdictions under study. We demonstrate that although helpful in the early stages, incrementalism does not always reflect how legal changes have occurred and in Italy’s case gives no answers as to when or if same-sex marriage will be legalized.

CRIMINALIZATION OF OBTAINED ACTIONS PERFORMED BY SAME-GENERAL COUPLES (HOMOSEXUAL) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL LAW REFORM

Homosexuals are groups that have same sex sexual orientation (gay), different from people in general who are sexually oriented towards people of the opposite sex (heterosexual), resulting in sexual activity deviating from what it should be. The problem that will be discussed in this study is whether homosexuality is part of a crime according to Indonesian criminal law. The research method used in writing this research is a normative legal research method, because there is a norm void. Normative legal research is carried out by examining library materials by studying and reviewing legal principles and positive legal rules derived from library materials and legislation. The approaches used are the statutory approach, the concept approach and the comparative approach. Homosexuality is part of a criminal act according to Indonesian criminal law, but the regulation is still very limited because it only regulates same-sex sexual relations carried out by adults with minors. So it is necessary to criminalize or expand the criminal regulation of deviant acts committed by the gay community in the renewal of criminal law.

Dualism Criminalization Of Homosexual Action

This study discusses the Criminalization of Homosexual acts. This research uses normative legal research. It is legal research that places law as a building system' of norma. The system' of Norm build include principals, norms, rules of law, court decision, agreements, doctrins (teachings). The author finda the conclution on this study that the legal vacuum regarding the regulation of same-sex sexual relations is something that we must pay attention to because the absence of law Governing this matter is a matter that is very urgent for the government to review and must make arrangements as soon as possible. Detailed and clear so that it is precise and easy to implement by law enforcement officials.

Sissies, Loafers, and the Feebleminded

Focusing on rural white communities in the early twentieth century, this article examines how disability, queerness, and economic estrangement were intertwined in American eugenic assessments of the “unfit.” In doing so, it attends to the knotty relations of power by which such communities were simultaneously adjudged deviant and bestowed with the privileges of whiteness. Eugenic family studies supported claims to white superiority by regulating and preventing reproduction among “unfit” rural white communities who might reveal the sham of white supremacy. Yet eugenicists were also concerned about same-sex sexuality and other nonproductive sexualities among the unfit, despite their focus on the “science of better breeding.” This article first analyzes how eugenicists defined a desire for work as the counterpoint to perverse sexual desire. Next, it examines how state institutions used a legal “conduct test” to classify a person as incapable self-support — and therefore feebleminded — on the basis of same-sex sexual relationships, refusal to marry, interdependence, or failure to meet gendered labor norms. Throughout, the article details how eugenic family studies mapped disability, nonproductivity, and nonheteronormativity onto rural landscapes. It concludes by contending that rural queer studies can leverage these landscapes of marginality to think with the racialized city rather than against it.

Silenced by Denial: The Problematic of Same-Sex Sexual Relations in the African Hispanic Novel La única esperanza by Danielle Nicole Mboume

Same-sex sexual relations remains a sensible topic in African societies and literary discourses. The story of Danielle Nicole Mboume, as portrayed in her autobiographical novel La única esperanza (The Only Hope), provides a case study to problematize the idea of same-sex sexual practices in Cameroon and Sub-Sahara in general. I argue that the tendency to silence same-sex acts is the result of a collective denial of the evidence that same-sex sexual practices are an historical part of some traditional Cameroonian and African societies. The denial, based on the myth of homosexuality as "un-African," is accentuated by colonial and postcolonial forces. The denial is not divorced from its negative consequences on the victims who are suffering from family, social ostracism and death sentences. Ironically, the idea of same-sex acts also serves as a powerful political weapon against the members of the regime in power, responsible for criminalizing homosexual behavior.

Widespread Promiscuity and Cheap Weddings: Can "Low-Value" Sexual Relationships Make Certain Individuals More Sexually Conservative?

Attitudes toward sexual relationships can have evolutionary underpinnings because these attitudes often serve, or at least reflect, the attitude holder's mating self-interest. Sexually restricted individuals, for example, hold conservative attitudes toward same-sex and opposite-sex sexual relationships because conservative attitudes benefit their mating strategies (e.g., monogamy). Certain mating market cues, however, can shift attitudes. In two experiments recruiting Americans and Australians (total N = 1298), we took a data-driven approach to test whether experimental manipulations of (1) promiscuity among either homosexuals (gays and lesbians) or heterosexuals and (2) the financial amount that either homosexuals (gays and lesbians) or heterosexuals invest in weddings would shift attitudes toward same-sex marriage, dating, and romantic spending. In Experiment 1, we did not replicate previous findings that homosexual promiscuity affects attitudes to same-sex marriage, nor did we find any effects of priming heterosexual promiscuity. However, priming participants with the notion that either homosexuals or heterosexuals were highly promiscuous increased support for traditional relationship norms among sexually restricted Australian (but not American) men. This effect was smaller when we controlled for participant sexual orientation, because primes of high homosexual or heterosexual promiscuity increased support for these traditional norms in exclusively heterosexual Australians, but decreased support in non-heterosexual Australians. Experiment 2 found that American and Australian men's opposition to same-sex marriage increased when they were led to believe that either homosexual or heterosexual weddings were cheap, even when controlling for participant sexual orientation. Overall, results provide some support for the argument that mating market cues affect attitudes toward sexual relationships.

Studi Komparasi Dan Analisis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Kesusilaan Zina, Pemerkosaan Dan LGBT Dalam Perspektif KUHP Dan RKUHP 2015

The law as we know it has three concepts that are the essence and foundation of the law itself, namely providing justice, providing benefits and certainty. Law is born, grows and develops with the community, meaning that the law undergoes a process of change at any time along with the development of people's behavior, therefore the law must be dynamic so that people are protected and their safety is guaranteed when they feel their life is threatened. One of the things that is rife in society lately is the occurrence of sexual harassment, rape and free same-sex sexual relations, all of which are troubling to us as a nation that has high civilization by upholding moral values, but it is tarnished by the rise of incidents such as illustrated above. Therefore, the law has an active role as a tool to protect and prevent that what has been described above is an extraordinary event in our country. So that peace, peace and the image inherent in our nation that upholds the honor of moral values can be guaranteed for its sustainability. Along with that, although all this research is normative, it aims to provide information to the public that the law must be dynamic and not stagnant considering that society is always dynamic along with the times, so that this research conducts a study and comparative study of the laws that apply now and in the future, which of course this is a form or manifestation of our concern and the state apparatus to ensure the safety and comfort of the community. From some of these explanations, the author takes the title "Comparative Study and Analysis of Crimes of Morality, Adultery, Rape and LGBT in the Perspective of the 2015 Criminal Code and RKUHP" with the following objectives:
 
 For the public in general, to know that the articles in the Criminal Code that regulate the issue of adultery, rape and LGBT are too specific and narrow so they need to be expanded to be more comprehensive.
 To let the public know that the legislative body has tried to make new breakthroughs by adding new articles in the Criminal Code regarding the rules regarding Adultery, Rape and LGBT.
 With the addition of articles in the new Draft Criminal Code, it is possible to contribute justice to all victims of adultery by means of violence or rape.
 It is also hoped that with this RKUHP people will no longer have same-sex intercourse, which is carried out freely without any sanctions for the perpetrators..
 
 Keyword: Comparative Study, Moral Crimes, Criminal Code and RKUHP

Coming out of the desi closet: disclosure of same-sex sexuality in metropolitan-India

Coming out of the closet is a psychosocial process that entails the disclosure of one’s non- heteronormative sexual orientation to family, peers, and the wider public – a phenomenon that is necessitated by the prevalence of societal heteronormativity. With the recent legal decriminalization of consensual same-sex sexual relationships in India, there is renewed interest in and emergent necessity to expand upon the existing academic discourse on the lives, rights, health and well-being of same-sex attracted individuals in India. The present study accumulates detailed narratives of disclosure of sexual orientation of five male and five female young-adults of same-sex sexuality from ages 18 to 25 in metropolitan cities of India. Thematic narrative analysis is used to gain insight into the factors of being “in the closet”, those underlying coming out of the closet, and the expectations from and impact of coming out to one’s family. Five major themes have emerged – three restraint factors and two propulsion factors influencing sexual identity disclosure. Restraint factors are those that reduce the probability of coming out and these are – an incessant pressure to conceal, perceived lack of stability and support, and anticipated disintegration of long-standing familial tradition. Propulsion factors act as catalysts of disclosure and these are target congeniality i.e. approachability of the target of disclosure, and parental validation – which, when attained, enables the individual to come out more easily to others. The findings have been critically compared and contrasted with the existing body of literature in the domain, which sets the agenda for further inquiry.

The role of sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention and control programs in reducing gender, sexual and STI-related stigma.

The role of sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention and control programs in reducing gender, sexual and STI-related stigma.

A social ecological approach to understanding service utilization barriers among male survivors of sexual violence in three refugee settings: a qualitative exploratory study

BackgroundPost-sexual violence service utilization is often poor in humanitarian settings. Little is known about the service uptake barriers facing male survivors specifically.MethodsTo gain insights into this knowledge gap, we undertook a qualitative exploratory study to better understand the barriers to service utilization among male survivors in three refugee-hosting countries. The study sites and populations included refugees who had travelled the central Mediterranean migration route through Libya living in Rome and Sicily, Italy; Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh; and refugees from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, and South Sudan residing in urban areas of Kenya. Methods included document review, 55 semi-structured focus group discussions with 310 refugees, semi-structured key informant interviews with 148 aid workers and human rights experts, and observation of service delivery points. Data were thematically analyzed using NVivo 12.ResultsWe identified eleven key barriers and situated them within a social ecological framework to describe impediments at the policy, community (inter-organizational), organizational, interpersonal, and individual levels. Barriers entailed: 1) restrictions to accessing legal protection, 2) legislative barriers such as the criminalization of same-sex sexual relations, 3) few designated entry points, 4) poor or nonexistent referral systems, 5) lack of community awareness-raising and engagement, 6) limited staff capacity, 7) negative provider attitudes and practices, 8) social stigma, 9) limited knowledge (at the individual level), 10) self-stigma, and 11) low formal help-seeking behaviors.ConclusionThe social ecological framework allowed us to better understand the multifaceted ways that the barriers facing male survivors operate and reinforce one another, and may be useful to inform efforts promoting service uptake. Additional research is warranted in other refugee settings.

Navigating Catholicism and queerness in "Daredevil" fan works

In Daredevil (2015–18) fan works, fans confront the character of Daredevil, who is portrayed in the Netflix TV series of the same name as explicitly religious, namely Catholic. This means that fan works seeking to explore sexuality, especially same-sex sexuality, must confront Catholicism's prohibition on extramarital sex, including same-sex sexual relations. I examine how fan works use Daredevil as a site from which to examine and debate Catholicism and queerness.

Anaconda, Jet Fuel, White Robes, and Miaow Miaow: The Argot of Women Prisoners

This qualitative study based on research conducted in a prison facility for women in Israel aims to establish the existence of an argot among women prisoners and to analyze how it reflects their subculture. This research found that the argot focuses on seven different aspects of prison life: same-sex sexual relations, loyalty, prisoner status, drugs, relations between mentally stable prisoners and mentally ill prisoners, attitudes toward the prison staff, and threats and violence. The argot concerning gender-oriented distresses was found the most common, and the authors concluded that this aspect is the most stressful and threatening in the prisoner subculture.

Are There Differences in Anti-Gay Beliefs Among U.S. Veterans and Non-Veterans? Results from the General Social Survey

ABSTRACT Only since 2011 have sexual minorities been able to serve openly in the U.S. military. The previous anti-gay policies and culture of the military may have increased anti-gay beliefs among veterans. Using data from the 2010–2016 General Social Survey, we tested whether veterans more frequently endorsed anti-gay beliefs than their non-veteran peers. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics with multiple logistic regression, we tested the associations of veteran status with five anti-gay beliefs (i.e., disallowing a gay person (1) from publicly speaking or (2) teaching at a university, (3) removing a gay-supportive book from a library, (4) whether same-sex sexual relations are wrong, and (5) support of same-sex marriage. Veteran status was associated with greater disagreement with same-sex marriage (B = 0.16, p = 0.033) but not with other anti-gay beliefs. Most anti-gay beliefs among veterans were explained by other sociodemographic factors and may not be inherent to veteran status.

The Criminalisation of Consensual Same-Sex Sexual Conduct in Nigeria: a Critique

Consensual sexual activity among adults of the same sex has a long history of being criminalised in Nigeria. The passing into law of the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013 by the Nigerian Government is reactionary. It is a statement to the international community and same sex rights groups and activists that Nigeria does not intend to give in to pressure to protect the rights of sexual minorities. Despite the country’s strict anti-Lesbian Gay and Bi-sexual laws, consensual sexual activity among lesbians and among men who have sex with men silently thrives in parts of Nigeria. The objective of this article is to argue that the state needs to re-examine the dangers posed by anti-Lesbian Gay Bi-sexual laws to the lives of sexual minorities as well as their fundamental rights. The methodology adopted for the paper is an analytical/case study approach relying on reports and literature on the subject. The article examines the criminalisation of same-sex sexual relationships, the framework for the protection of the rights of sexual minorities under the Nigerian Constitution and under international instruments and recommends a stop to state-sponsored persecution of sexual minorities in the country. A further recommendation is that issues relating to sexual orientation should remain a matter of conscience for the individual concerned.