Same-sex Intercourse Research Articles

K problematice stejnopohlavních vztahů: Manželství a partnerství

The article is based on the differentiation between marriage as the institutional dimension and partnership as the relational dimension of an intimate relation of two people. While marriage is a historically changing and multiform social institution, an intimate partnership is a phenomenon permanently present in the history. Based on the modern deeper understanding of human nature including homosexuality as an “other normal”, the article shows that the category of partnership can and should be opened to same-sex relations as well. These – as any other intimate relationships – cannot be reduced to sexual dimension only. And precisely therefore, it is not possible to apply any biblical mentions of same-sex intercourse to this debate, because the biblical testimonies do not know homosexuality in the contemporary meaning and speak only about same-sex intercourse without any relational framing. From the perspective of today’s responsible theological stance, there is thus no argument that would hinder to support the same-sex relations and their formal institutional framing also by the churches.

"For my safety and wellbeing, I always travel to seek health care in a distant facility"-the role of place and stigma in HIV testing decisions among GBMSM - BSGH 002.

Gays, bisexuals, and all other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are heavily impacted by HIV in Ghana compared to the general population. In addition to HIV and same-sex intercourse stigma, barriers such as reduced privacy, lower-income status and limited health care facilities (HCF) affect HIV testing decisions among GBMSM. We employed a phenomenological research design to understand the role of place and stigma in HIV testing among GBMSM in slums. GBMSM (n=12) from slums in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana, were recruited and engaged in face-to-face interviews. We used a multiple reviewer summative content analysis to analyze and organize our key findings. The HIV testing options we identified include 1. Government HCF, 2. NGO and community outreach 3. Peer-educated services. Factors influencing GBMSM to test for HIV at HCF outside their areas included 1. The location of HCF 2. HIV and sexual stigma from slum areas 3. Positive HCW attitudes at distant HCF. 4. Negative Healthcare worker (HCW) attitudes towards GBMSM. These findings highlighted how stigma from slums and HCW influence HIV testing decisions and the need for place-based interventions to address stigma among HCW in slums to improve testing among GBMSM.

Literature and Notions of Black Lesbian Solidarity in Chinelo Okparanta’s Under the Udala Trees

Frances M. Beal (1968) explains that being Black and female is double jeopardy; however, being Black, female, and lesbian is triple jeopardy. Many countries in Africa have criminalised same-sex marriages and sexual relationships. In Nigeria, a sentence of up to 14 years’ imprisonment is likely for people caught in consensual same-sex intercourse. By the same token, 12 northern states of Nigeria’s 36 states have the death penalty for same-sex intercourse. Lesbians in Nigeria and across Africa have continued to suffer structural and non-structural forms of castigation and criticism from various facets of society, which have had overarching effects on the psyche of lesbians in Africa. The average Black lesbian is traumatised and challenged by norms, culture, traditions and religion. These social institutions have been structured to repress lesbians and members of the LGBTQIA+ communities at large. In the fight for their rightful spots in society, solidarity becomes non-negotiable, an essential tool and motivation in the struggle for visibility and protection. Not many works of fiction from Africa have explored the trajectories and struggles of Black lesbians. One of the most significant moves was made by Chinelo Okparanta in 2015, when she published Under the Udala Trees, which is widely tagged as “lesbian fiction.” This article, therefore, contextualises the notions of lesbian solidarity as portrayed in Okparanta’s novel and its essentiality to the struggles of Black lesbian women across the African continent.

The impact of sodomy law repeals on crime

We exploit variations in the timing of decriminalization of same-sex sexual intercourse across US states to estimate the impact of these law changes on crime through difference-in-differences and event study models. We provide the first evidence that sodomy law repeals led to a decline in the number of arrests for disorderly conduct, prostitution, and other sex offenses. Moreover, in line with the hypothesis that sodomy law repeals enhanced mental health and lessened minority stress, we show that these repeals led to a reduction in arrests for drug and alcohol consumption.

The Etiquette of Equality

The Etiquette of Equality

Comparative analysis of sexual behavior and assessment of awareness of STIs and HIV infection among young people of two generations

Background. Over the past 20 years, various preventive measures have been taken to educate the young generation, which is the most vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV infection. A comparative analysis of the results of a survey of young people (belonging to two different generations: millennials and zoomers) on sexual behavior and awareness of STIs and HIV infection allows us to assess the existing characteristics of the sexual behavior of young people and contribute to the further improvement of preventive measures among young people regarding STI/HIV infection.
 Aims. Comparative analysis of sexual behavior and assessment of the level of knowledge about STIs and HIV infection among young people (generations Y and Z).
 Materials and methods. For a comparative assessment of the level of awareness on the issues of prevention and risky sexual behavior in relation to STIs and HIV infection, data from earlier sociological surveys of young people in 20012002 and in 20172020 in the city of Novosibirsk were used. Among the respondents, a questionnaire was used, consisting of 23 questions, developed by the staff of the Department of Dermatovenereology of the First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I. P. Pavlov and the Center for the Sociology of Deviance and Social Control of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, adapted by the authors. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first part contained questions characterizing students' knowledge about the ways of transmission of STI/HIV infection and methods of prevention. The second part of the questionnaire is devoted to the issues of risky sexual behavior of students. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs. The 2 test and the independent Student's t-test were evaluated. Statistical significance was set as p 0.05.
 Results. A total of 772 young men took part in the study, of which 321 students were interviewed in 20012002 (Generation Y), and 451 students in 20172020 (Generation Z). The results show that generations of young people (milleneals and zoomers) differ from each other in terms of the source of information about STIs, sexual intercourse with strangers, condom use, and the frequency of same-sex sexual intercourse.
 Conclusions. There is a positive trend in the sexual behavior of the younger generation. More structured promotion of STI/HIV prevention is needed, which will take into account current trends and features of obtaining information from young people.

Conception of Sanctions for Same-Sex Marriage Couples in the Perspective of Balinese Customary Law (Comparison of Laws in the United States)

In Balinese customary law, same-sex sexual intercourse is known as “salah krama”, or sexual intercourse with wrong partners and it is strictly prohibited in Hindu law. The reason is the situation will make the offenders become cuntaka, leteh or impure. The purpose of this study is to analyse and reveal the paradigm of same-sex marriage from the perspective of international law and customary sanctions against same-sex marriage couples in Bali. The type of research used in this study is normative legal research. Based on analysis, the results of this study revealed that the United States government’s policy paradigm regarding same-sex marriage can be seen from the United States Supreme Court Decision which issued a policy that completely changed the existence of the LGBT community in the United States. Furthermore, the concept of customary sanctions against same-sex marriage couples in Bali is made in the form of giving customary sanctions to those practicing LGBT that must be executed strictly. The customary sanctions that can be given take the form of arta danda, sangaskara danda, and jiwa danda.

What Does Heterosexuality Mean? Same-Sex Attraction, Behaviors, and Discomfort Among Self-identified Heterosexual Young Adults from Spain

Sexuality has been censored by Spanish culture, where legal progress in the form of new policies about sexual diversity rights has not been followed by lower levels of social discrimination. This has affected sexual development across the lifespan for both sexual minorities and heterosexual people who experience their sexuality outside of heteronormativity. However, the literature has regularly excluded the possible consequences of the experience of sexuality within prescriptive categories, particularly in heterosexual people. This study delves deeper into the same-sex experiences of heterosexual women and men and the discomfort they may feel toward such experiences in Spain. A total of 2900 young Spanish people who self-identified as heterosexual completed a questionnaire on sexual diversity and experiences related to sexual orientation. The mean age was 24.22 years (SD = 5.71), 71.1% were women, and 28.9% were men. More heterosexual women than heterosexual men reported having had same-sex attraction, fantasies, desires, and behavioral intentions. However, these men and women reported having similar levels of same-sex sexual intercourse. The discomfort level experienced was higher among heterosexual men and younger people, suggesting the possibility that traditional norms restrict behavioral expression of sexuality among these individuals. At least in the Spanish context, these gender differences should be taken into account to adjust all psychological and educational interventions in the future to improve inclusive sexual attitudes and the treatment of discomfort with sexual orientation. Following these results, research on sexual diversity should focus on young heterosexual people who have different same-sex experiences according to gender differences.

News of LGBT on online media in 2020: endless stigma

Mass media and its content on various platforms play a significant role in shaping knowledge in society, including the knowledge about sexuality. This article discusses news on LGBT on four Indonesian online media—Viva.co.id, Republika.co.id, Tempo.co.id, and Detik.com—by conducting quantitative content analysis. The result shows that the news on LGBT in 2020 centred on three main issues: the ban on gay individuals joining the army/police, the male rape case committed by Reynhard Sinaga, and male same-sex sexual intercourse in Wisma Atlet. The news structure on LGBT does not pay attention to the information depth, as indicated by the lack of paragraph numbers in the news and the lack of 5W+1H construction. In addition, the coverage is often one-sided, making it unbalanced. Eventually, the construct about LGBT becomes biased.

“Someone Else Is Behind The Screen”: Visibility, Privacy, and Trust on Geosocial Networking Apps in India

Queer people increasingly use geosocial networking apps (GSNAs), such as Grindr and Blued, to find connections. These apps play a particularly important role in countries such as India, where being visibly queer can carry social stigma, and same-sex intercourse was criminalized until 2018. A key challenge on these apps is self-disclosing enough information to appear authentic and build trust with other users, without drawing unwanted attention, stigma, and safety threats. Careful consideration of when to share information and what to share is critical, but we have a limited understanding of how users make these decisions. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with 36 queer men in 4 smaller urban environments in and near the state of Maharashtra, India, we sought to understand how queer men think about their visibility while using GSNAs. We find that they are primarily concerned with the visibility of the actual GSNA on their phone, especially given many users in this context live with their families and assumptions common in the West, such as one person per device, may not hold. They also worry about the information they disclose on the app itself given this visibility can lead to dangerous situations. We detail how participants try to resolve the tensions around visibility and discuss our findings in relation to conceptualizations of privacy and signaling theory. We conclude with practical guidelines related to the use of these apps in the Indian context.

Risky sexual behaviour and HIV testing uptake among male college students: a cross-sectional study in China

ObjectiveTo understand the sexual behaviours and HIV testing uptake of sexually experienced male college students in China.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November of 2020 among male college...

Studi Komparasi Dan Analisis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Kesusilaan Zina, Pemerkosaan Dan LGBT Dalam Perspektif KUHP Dan RKUHP 2015

The law as we know it has three concepts that are the essence and foundation of the law itself, namely providing justice, providing benefits and certainty. Law is born, grows and develops with the community, meaning that the law undergoes a process of change at any time along with the development of people's behavior, therefore the law must be dynamic so that people are protected and their safety is guaranteed when they feel their life is threatened. One of the things that is rife in society lately is the occurrence of sexual harassment, rape and free same-sex sexual relations, all of which are troubling to us as a nation that has high civilization by upholding moral values, but it is tarnished by the rise of incidents such as illustrated above. Therefore, the law has an active role as a tool to protect and prevent that what has been described above is an extraordinary event in our country. So that peace, peace and the image inherent in our nation that upholds the honor of moral values can be guaranteed for its sustainability. Along with that, although all this research is normative, it aims to provide information to the public that the law must be dynamic and not stagnant considering that society is always dynamic along with the times, so that this research conducts a study and comparative study of the laws that apply now and in the future, which of course this is a form or manifestation of our concern and the state apparatus to ensure the safety and comfort of the community. From some of these explanations, the author takes the title "Comparative Study and Analysis of Crimes of Morality, Adultery, Rape and LGBT in the Perspective of the 2015 Criminal Code and RKUHP" with the following objectives:
 
 For the public in general, to know that the articles in the Criminal Code that regulate the issue of adultery, rape and LGBT are too specific and narrow so they need to be expanded to be more comprehensive.
 To let the public know that the legislative body has tried to make new breakthroughs by adding new articles in the Criminal Code regarding the rules regarding Adultery, Rape and LGBT.
 With the addition of articles in the new Draft Criminal Code, it is possible to contribute justice to all victims of adultery by means of violence or rape.
 It is also hoped that with this RKUHP people will no longer have same-sex intercourse, which is carried out freely without any sanctions for the perpetrators..
 
 Keyword: Comparative Study, Moral Crimes, Criminal Code and RKUHP

Family Values in South Korean Society: Marital and Sexual Values in Gender, Age, and Protestantism Contexts

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in marital and sexual values according to gender, age, and Protestantism contexts using the 2012 and 2018 Korea General Social Surveys. Samples for marital values were from the 2012 survey (N=797 adults aged 20 and over), and those for sexual values were from the 2018 survey (N=550 adults aged 20 and over). There were four domains in marital values (happiness, child, cohabitation, and divorce) and three domains in sexual values (premarital intercourse, extramarital intercourse, and same-sex intercourse). We applied ANCOVA and post hoc analysis to examine the differences in each domain via gender, age, and Protestantism contexts. Results on marital values did not show significant interactions between gender, age group, and Protestantism contexts, while age differences were consistently significant in all domains of marital values. In results about sexual values, there were significant interactions between gender, age, and Protestantism contexts in all domains of sexual values. The findings of this study may promote an understanding of the dynamics and diversity of Korean contexts on marital and sexual values.

Axiological Perspectives and Dimensions on the Evolution of the Family in Postmodernity

In this paper we will consider the supposed changes of postmodernity in the family. In this respect, we will focus on a few moral-legal perspectives, but to the extent that they will reveal the new dimensions regarding family life and what the current life dominated by technology and excessive somatization implies. The family thus based on the traditional marriage has evolved into a modern form, now reaching what we call the postmodern family. Under the influence of human rights, the specific legal framework of each country and other related laws, at present, each member of the family can be in control of his body and his social and even intimate relations, etc. The equality thus enshrined between the members of the family has led to the situation in which the biological differences have lost their consistency. At the same time, in the family field, the common morality and the religious conscience were outdated and even replaced with the secular values. What was decades ago completely forbidden (adultery, same-sex sexual intercourse, prostitution) is no longer necessarily sanctioned or promiscuous. In this regard, the intimate life knows a kind of relaxation. About all the dimensions reported here, we will discuss further in detail.

The Case against Different-Sex Marriage in Kant

AbstractRecently, a number of Kantians have argued that despite Kant’s own disparaging comments about same-sex intercourse and marriage, his ethical and legal philosophy lacks the resources to show that they are impermissible. I go further by arguing that his framework is in fact more open to same-sex than to different-sex marriage. Central is Kant’s claim that marriage requires equality between spouses. Kant himself thought that men and women are not equal, and some of his more insightful remarks on the issue reveal that he was also aware that, as a matter of fact, women were disenfranchised by society, and suffer legal and other forms of discrimination. Kant, according to his own account, cannot approve of heterosexual marriage. Same-sex couples, by contrast, can satisfy the crucial equality condition. I conclude with a suggestion for refocus with respect to the issues at hand, calling for attention to more complex and insidious forms of inequality than deprivation of rights and full civil participation.

Same-Sex Intercourse Involving Jewish Men 100 BCE–100 CE

Abstract It is commonplace in New Testament scholarship to assume that Judaism at the turn of the Era univocally condemned same-sex intercourse among men, whether scholars use this supposition to argue that Jesus felt likewise or was uniquely accepting of the practice. The present article provides the original-language text, English translation, and brief commentary for evidence of same-sex intercourse involving Jewish men around the turn of the Era, pointing to the varying testimonies of Josephus, Martial, a graffito, Tacitus, and the Warren Cup. The paper concludes with a reflection on the relevance of the study for understanding Jesus’ sexual politics. This article contains graphic literary and visual depictions of sexual intercourse.

초대교회의 급진적 포용주의와 성소수자

This article deals with the issue of sexual minorities, which is currently one of the most pressing issues among Korean protestant churches. For Christians, the scripture is a touchstone for faith and practice, and the extreme anti-homosexual stance of current Korean protestant churches is based on several anti-homosexual texts in the Bible. To begin, this article clarifies the hermeneutical principles that need to be considered when dealing with the problems of sexual minorities in terms of the Bible. It then goes further, providing a critical exegesis of the specific biblical texts that have provided the basis for justifying the widespread homophobia in protestant churches in Korea.<BR> This study’s exegetical work starts with critical analyses and reinterpretations of the anti-homosexual texts in the Old and New Testaments. Then, it tries to provide common and healthy understandings of sexual minorities today for Christians, based on the interpretation of the creation stories in Genesis 1 and 2. In the Bible, no text that refers to sexual orientation as such, for instance, LGBT, could be found. Instead, the study found several texts that only seem to prohibit same-sex sexual intercourse. Among them, none were attributed to Jesus, leaving about 10 phrases that are frequently cited by Korean churches to justify their anti-homosexual stance (Gen. 1:27-28; 2:18-25; 19:1-29; Levi. 18:20-23; Judg. 19:1-30; Deut. 23:17; 1 Kings 14:24; 15:12; 22:45; 2 Kings 23:7; Rome. 1:18-32; 1 Cor. 6:9-11; Eph. 5:33; Jude 5-7), regardless of whether those texts really deal with homosexuality as such. In particular, the Sodom and Gomorrah story and the sacred code in the book of Leviticus are dealt with among the Old Testament. In the New Testament, Paul’s mentions of homosexual behaviors in the letters to the Romans and Corinthians are examined. Finally, the study tries to apply radical inclusivism appearing in Galatians 3:28 to LGBT people today.

Unlawful Entries: Buggery, Sodomy, and the Construction of Sexual Normativity in Early English Dictionaries

Historians of sexuality have regularly called attention to the construction of same-sex intercourse as an “unnameable crime” in early modern England. When the crime was named, its most common signifiers in English were buggery and sodomy. However, the precise meanings of these words fluctuated from text to text, so that each term came to represent an “utterly confused category,” in Foucault’s (1978, 101) famous phrase. This article considers the problems of inexpressibility and ambiguity posed by buggery and sodomy for the writers of hard-word and general English dictionaries from 1604 to 1754. It explores how definitions of these terms, as well as of such non-normative acts as fornication and incest, explicitly circumscribed the boundaries of lawful sexual behavior and implicitly constructed a prescribed sexual model within those bounds: procreative, marital, monogamous. Yet, unlike deviant opposite-sex acts, same-sex intercourse was rendered not only illegal but incoherent, as the terms used to explain it—copulation, to couple—were in turn defined in ways that precluded the possibility of any intercourse that was not between the sexes. Nevertheless, the silences and paradoxes embedded in these early definitions allow them to be read from perspectives that are more radical than their writers likely intended.

Religious conservatism, Islamic criminal law and the judiciary in Indonesia: a tale of three courts

This article discusses three Indonesian court cases decided in 2017 in which the interests of conservative Muslims were supported. In the first, the Constitutional Court was asked to expand the definition of various moral offences in the Criminal Code in line with Islamic conceptions of adultery and same-sex intercourse. The Court was split five judges to four, with the majority accepting the need for definitional expansion but rejecting the case on jurisdictional grounds, and the minority accepting the petitioners’ arguments and endorsing an increased role for religion in constitutional adjudication. In the second, the North Jakarta District Court convicted former Jakarta Governor, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, for blaspheming Islam and sentenced him to two years’ imprisonment after a trial that appeared politically motivated. In the third, the Supreme Court was asked to consider the legal validity of the Qanun Jinayat – the Aceh Criminal Code – which adopts aspects of Islamic criminal law and procedure. Even though Code provisions appear to clearly violate human rights norms as reflected in international and Indonesian laws, the Supreme Court refused to hear the case, citing an unconvincing technicality. These three decisions do not bode well for the future of Indonesian pluralism. This article uncovers the main legal flaws in each decision and considers why these three different courts seem to have pursued similar goals in these cases.

Anti-Homosexual Legislation and HIV-Related Stigma in African Nations: What Has Been the Role of PEPFAR?

Background: Gay men and other men who have sex with men are disproportionately burdened by HIV infection. Laws that penalize same-sex intercourse contribute to a cycle of stigma, homonegativity and discrimination. In many African nations, laws criminalizing homosexuality may be fueling the epidemic, as they dissuade key populations from seeking treatment and health care providers from offering it. Objectives: We analyzed the ways in which policies and practices of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program addressed pervasively harsh anti-homosexuality laws across Africa. Given the aim of the US PEPFAR program to reduce stigma surrounding HIV, we explored how PEPFAR may have used its influence to reduce the criminalization of homosexuality in the countries where it operated. Methods: We assessed homosexuality laws in 21 African countries where PEPFAR funding sought to reduce the HIV epidemic. We examined PEPFAR Policy Framework agreements associated with those countries, and other PEPFAR documents, for evidence of attempts to reduce stigma by decriminalizing homosexuality. Results: We found 16 of Africa’s 21 PEPFAR-funded countries had laws characterized as harsh in relation to homosexuality. Among the top eight PEPFAR-funded countries in Africa, seven had harsh anti-homosexuality laws. Most (14) of the 16 African ‘Partnership Framework’ (PEPFAR) policy agreements between African governments and the US State Department call for stigma reduction; however, none call for reducing penalties on individuals who engage in homosexual behavior. Conclusions: We conclude that while PEPFAR has acknowledged the negative role of stigma in fueling the HIV epidemic, it has, so far, missed opportunities to explicitly address the role of the criminalization of homosexuality in feeding stigmatizing attitudes. Our analysis suggests mechanisms like PEPFAR Partnership Framework agreements could be ideal vehicles to call for removal of anti-homosexuality legislation.