Salzburg Reading Desk Research Articles

Reading Performance Following Contralateral Implantation of an Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) IOL and a Hybrid EDOF Multifocal IOL.

To assess objective reading performance at intermediate and near distances using the Salzberg Reading Desk (SRD) (SRD Vision) in patients with cataract who underwent the implantation of a diffractive extended depth of focus intraocular lens (EDOF IOL) in the dominant eye and a hybrid multifocal EDOF IOL in the non-dominant eye. This prospective, non-comparative, interventional study included 46 eyes of 23 patients with cataract who underwent bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of the DFR00V Tecnis Synergy IOL (Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision) in the non-dominant eye and the DXR00V Tecnis Symfony OptiBlue IOL (Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision) in the dominant eye. At postoperative 6 months, the Salzburg Reading Desk was used to assess distance-corrected reading performance at near and intermediate distances. Although the monocular reading acuity at the preferred intermediate distance was statistically significantly better in the eyes implanted with the DXR00V IOL, it was better with the DFR00V IOL at preferred near distances. The mean binocular distance-corrected preferred intermediate and near reading acuity was 0.07 ± 0.09 (20/23) and 0.13 ± 0.09 (20/27) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, respectively. Other parameters of reading performance, such as reading speed, reading distance, reading time, and smallest scale log print size, were similar between the two IOL groups when assessed monocularly. Implanting a DFR00V IOL in the non-dominant eye and a diffractive DXR00V IOL in the dominant eye resulted in excellent binocular reading acuity and speed at intermediate and near distances. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(11):e778-e782.].

A simultaneous post-LASIK sequential bilateral implantation of multifocal IOLs aimed at refraction correction. A clinical case

The article presents a clinical example of intraocular presbyopia correction in a patient who previously underwent laser vision correction by LASIK for mild myopia. Before the surgery, the distance VA mono- and binocular was 1.0, ADD for reading distance 40 cm +2.0 D, objective refraction sph +0.5 D cyl -0.25 D ax 980, left eye sph +0.75 D cyl -0.25 D ax 660. The patient was given a simultaneous bilateral refractive lens exchange with an implantation of a trifocal aspheric intraocular lens in the right eye and a trifocal toric aspheric intraocular lens in the left eye. We used the following IOL calculation formulas: ASCRS mean IOL power, Shammas formula, Barrett true K formula, Masket formula, Modified Masket formula, Haigis-L formula. 1 week postop: UDVA OU = 1.0, UNVA 40 cm = 1.0, UVA 70 cm = 0.7. The objective refraction OD was sph +0.0, D cyl -0.75 D ax 163, OS sph +0.25 D, cyl -0.0 D. The compliance with the modified algorithms of pre-and intraoperative behavior of the operating team, thorough preparation of the patient, careful calculation of the IOL allowed us to obtain the predictive refractive result with a high level of visual satisfaction and absence of undesirable postoperative phenomena. The patient underwent the examination with Salzburg reading desk before and after the surgery, to confirm the excellent functional results of the treatment. Despite the fact that simultaneous same day IOL implantation in both eyes, especially in eyes with previously operated corneas, is still disputable, the above case confirms that with modern equipment, precise multi formula calculation, and ample experience help achieve excellent functional and refractive results.

Clinical Evaluation of Reading Performance in Refractive Lens Exchange With a Diffractive Continuous-Range-of-Vision Intraocular Lens

Evaluation of reading performance with a novel presbyopia correcting intraocular lens (IOL) in refractive lens exchange using an electronic reading desk. Prospective interventional before-and-after clinical study. In total, 56 eyes of 28 patients were included. Bilateral implantation of the TECNIS Synergy IOL (Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision) during a bilateral delayed sequential refractive lens exchange procedure. Uncorrected and distance corrected reading acuity, reading distance, reading speed, and the smallest print size that could be read effectively at a set (40 cm/80 cm) and subjectively chosen near and intermediate distance were assessed using the Salzburg Reading Desk preoperatively and 6 months after surgery. Uncorrected near reading acuity increased from 0.61 ± 0.16 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) preoperatively to 0.05 ± 0.09 logMAR postoperatively at the set near distance (40 cm) and from 0.60 ± 0.11 logMAR to 0.07 ± 0.08 logMAR at the subjectively preferred distance (39.6 ± 5.3 cm and 37.7 ± 4.3 cm). Uncorrected intermediate reading acuity was 0.39 ± 0.19 logMAR preoperatively and 0.08 ± 0.07 logMAR postoperatively at the set intermediate distance (80 cm) and 0.43 ± 0.21 logMAR preoperatively and 0.07 ± 0.08 logMAR postoperatively at the preferred intermediate distance (73.5 ± 9.5 cm and 73.3 ± 5.9 cm). Uncorrected intermediate and near reading function considerably improved after bilateral implantation of the TECNIS Synergy IOL. Patients preferred a closer near and intermediate distance to the set distances. However, reading function was comparable for the set and subjectively preferred distances.

Visual Performance of Two Diffractive Trifocal Intraocular Lenses: A Randomized Trial.

To compare two trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs), the RayOne Trifocal RAO603F IOL (closed-loop haptic IOL; Rayner Intraocular Lenses Limited) and the AT Lisa tri 839 MP IOL (plate-haptic IOL; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG), concerning optical and capsular bag performance. Patients scheduled for cataract surgery received either a closed-loop haptic IOL or a plate-haptic IOL in the first eye and the other IOL in the second eye. Three months postoperatively, autorefraction and subjective refraction, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity at 4 m, 80 cm, and 40 cm, an objective reading test (Salzburg Reading Desk; SRD Vision), a defocus curve, IOL tilt and decentration, a questionnaire about dysphotopsia, and grading of halos with a halometer were performed. Eighty-eight eyes of 44 patients were included. Visual acuity was comparable between both IOLs. The closed-loop haptic IOL performed better in the defocus curve at -1.50 diopters (D) (0.08 ± 0.10 vs 0.12 ± 0.09 logMAR; P < .01). The plate-haptic IOL had better contrast sensitivity without glare under mesopic and photopic conditions in miosis (P = .0018 and .002, respectively) and mydriasis (P = .017 and .003, respectively). Significant differences were found for less overall subjective disturbance (P = .047) and starbursts (P = .039) for the plate-haptic IOL, but not for the other positive dysphotopsia symptoms. Both trifocal IOLs delivered good and comparable visual function with low degrees of disturbing dysphotopsia. The closed-loop haptic IOL was slightly superior in the defocus curve, whereas the plate-haptic IOL was slightly superior concerning contrast sensitivity and positive dysphotopsia. [J Refract Surg. 2021;37(7):460-465.].

Standardized ophthalmic tests for evaluating reading parameters: a brief historical review

In the review, the analysis of the most common ophthalmic standardized tests for evaluating reading was carried out: BaileyLovie Word Reading Charts, MNREAD Acuity Chart, Radner reading chart, SmithKettlewell Reading Test (SKread), IReST, Salzburg Reading Desk, Ramulu test, Radner paragraph optotypes, Balsam AlabdulkaderLeat (BAL) chart, Chinese Reading Acuity Charts (C-READ), chart for reading threshold and reading speed evaluation by T.S. Egorova. The following parameters were considered: maximum reading speed, reading threshold, reading acuity, reading accessibility index, threshold reading speed. Recovering the ability to read fluently is one of the criteria for assessing the success of treatment, as well as quality of life for patients of various age groups

Practical application of ophthalmic nutraceuticals in patients with dry form of age-related macular degeneration

To conduct a placebo-controlled clinical monitoring of visual functions in patients with dry AMD while taking a drug Complex that corresponds to the AREDS 2 formula. The study included 90 people in 3 equivalent parallel groups, two of which were represented by patients with AMD who took the Complex for 3-6 months or Placebo for 3 months. The third group included healthy subjects of the same age. In addition to standard eye examination, participants underwent evaluation of the macular pigment optical density (MPOD), spatial-frequency contrast sensitivity (CS), photostress test, and reading parameters on the Salzburg Reading Desk device. The changes of blood plasma antioxidant activity (AOA) were also evaluated in the main group. By day 90 of the study, patients of the main group showed statistically significant (p<0.001) growth of MPOD from 0.24±0.13 to 0.32±0.1, reduction of photostress recovery time from 68.2±17.8 to 57.3±17.5 seconds, improvement of high-spatial-frequency CS - from 25.0±8.2 to 30.6±6.8 dB, increase of near visual acuity logMAR from 0.22±0.04 to 0.19±0.03 and reading speed, and decrease of reading mistakes. Statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction of in AOA was seen during the observation period from 1.52±0.16 to 1.68±0.16. Patients of the main group who received the Complex for 180 days demonstrated additional improvements of visual functions. The drug Complex corresponding to the AREDS 2 formula contributes to a significant increase in MPOD, improvements of visual functions and overall antioxidant status of patients, which confirms the feasibility of its use in patients with dry AMD.

Functional Outcomes and Reading Performance After Combined Implantation of a Small-Aperture Lens and a Segmental Refractive Bifocal Lens

Clinical evaluation of the visual outcomes after implantation of a small-aperture extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) and a segmental refractive bifocal lens. In this prospective study, 13 patients with cataract received a small-aperture IC-8 IOL (AcuFocus, Irvine, CA) in one eye and a segmental-refractive Lentis Mplus LS-313 MF20 IOL (Oculentis, Berlin, Germany) in the fellow eye. The clinical examination included measurements of uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, uncorrected (UIVA) and distance-corrected (DCIVA) intermediate visual acuity, and uncorrected (UNVA) and distance-corrected (DCNVA) near visual acuity. Additionally, a defocus curve was obtained from +2.00 to -5.00 diopters (D) and a Salzburg Reading Desk was used to assess the patients' reading acuity at intermediate and near distances. A halo and glare simulator was used to evaluate the postoperative perception of dysphotopsia. At 5 months postoperatively, the mean binocular visual results demonstrated UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA values of -0.04 ± 0.11, 0.00 ± 0.10, and 0.11 ± 0.08 logMAR, respectively. The binocular distance-corrected reading performance test also confirmed the improved visual function, with an intermediate reading acuity of 0.12 logMAR at 69.21 cm and a near reading acuity of 0.19 logMAR at 41.63 cm. The mean halo size was 32.54 ± 22.38, mean halo intensity was 34.46 ± 21.95, mean glare size was 9.00 ± 17.47, and mean glare intensity was 9.92 ± 16.84. The new concept of a combined implantation of a small-aperture IOL and a segmental-refractive bifocal lens showed good results in far and intermediate distances and functional results at near distance, while causing minimal photic phenomena. [J Refract Surg. 2019;35(9):551-558.].

Clinical Evaluation of an Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens With the Salzburg Reading Desk.

Clinical evaluation of an extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) regarding visual performance at various distances, reading performance on an electronic reading desk, and depth of focus on the defocus curve. In this prospective study, 30 eyes of 15 patients who received the Tecnis Symfony IOL (Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, CA) were examined 3.60 ± 1.54 months postoperatively. Uncorrected and corrected distance (UDVA and CDVA), uncorrected and distance-corrected intermediate (UIVA and DCIVA), and uncorrected and distance-corrected near (UNVA and DCNVA) visual acuity were determined. The defocus curve was performed with distance correction. Furthermore, the reading acuity at the preferred near and intermediate distances was measured with consideration of the reading distance, speed, and print size. A subjective questionnaire was also administered. Results showed a median UDVA of 0.03 logMAR or 20/21.43 Snellen (range: 0.44 to -0.18 logMAR or 20/55.08 to 20/13.21 Snellen), UNVA of 0.20 logMAR or 20/31.70 Snellen (range: 0.46 to 0.00 logMAR or 20/57.68 to 20/20 Snellen), and UIVA of -0.03 logMAR or 20/18.67 Snellen (range: 0.14 to -0.18 logMAR or 20/27.61 to 20/13.21 Snellen). The improved performance at intermediate distance was confirmed by an uncorrected reading acuity of 0.09 logMAR or 20/24.61 Snellen (range: 0.36 to 0.00 logMAR or 20/45.82 to 20/20.00 Snellen) at a preferred intermediate distance of 64.10 cm (range: 52.0 to 75.0 cm). The defocus curve showed an extended range of visual acuity of 0.10 logMAR or better between 1.00 and -1.50 diopters. The EDOF IOL design provided a wide range of improved visual and reading function between far and intermediate distances and also improved near visual acuity. Patients reported a high rate of satisfaction and spectacle independence at the various distances. [J Refract Surg. 2017;33(10):664-669.].

Long-term visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following bilateral implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses.

PurposeTo study the long-term visual and refractive outcomes and evaluate patient satisfaction after bilateral implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).SettingNethradhama Superspeciality Eye Hospital, Bangalore.DesignProspective, nonrandomized study.MethodsEligible patients undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification with trifocal IOL implantation were included. Follow-up examinations were conducted at day 1, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. Postoperatively, 1 month onward evaluation of uncorrected and distance-corrected far and near visual acuity; reading acuity and reading speeds (using Salzburg Reading Desk) at 70, 80, and 90 cm; contrast sensitivity; defocus curves; and patient satisfaction was carried out.ResultsFifty eyes from 25 patients with a mean age of 58±13.44 years were included. All eyes showed significant improvement in spherical equivalent, uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, and corrected near visual acuity at 1 month compared to preoperative values (P<0.05), with no significant change in these parameters thereafter until the last follow-up (P>0.05). At 12 months, mean uncorrected reading acuities and reading speeds at 70, 80, and 90 cm were in the range of 0.09–0.04 logMAR units and 153.6–169.0 words per minute, respectively, with significantly better results at 80 cm. Five eyes underwent YAG laser capsulotomy for early posterior capsule opacification (PCO) at a mean follow-up of 7.2±2.9 months. Contrast sensitivity scores at 12 months were comparable to 1 month (P>0.05 for all spatial frequencies). All patients reported good tolerance and 100% independence from spectacles for all activities.ConclusionTrifocal IOLs provided excellent unaided vision at all distances. Reading performance was good through the complete intermediate distance range. PCO occurrence and subsequent YAG capsulotomy did not affect the long-term visual outcomes.

Clinical Evaluation of Reading Performance Using the Salzburg Reading Desk With a Refractive Rotational Asymmetric Multifocal Intraocular Lens.

To evaluate functional results and reading performance using the Salzburg Reading Desk after implantation of a sector-shaped near-embedded, rotational asymmetrical multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) and a multifocal toric IOL with a +3.00 diopter (D) near addition. In a prospective study, the LentisMplus and Mplus toric IOLs (Oculentis GmbH, Berlin, Germany) were implanted in 34 eyes of 18 patients at the University Eye Hospital of Heidelberg. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA) and uncorrected and corrected near visual acuity (UNVA, CNVA) were evaluated using standardized visual acuity charts (ETDRS). The Salzburg Reading Desk was used to analyze unilateral and bilateral uncorrected and corrected reading acuity, reading distance, reading speed, and the smallest log-scaled print size that could be read effectively at a set (40 cm/80 cm) and subjective chosen near and intermediate distance. Postoperatively, the median UDVA was 0.08 logMAR (20/25 Snellen) and the median CDVA was 0.01 logMAR (20/20 Snellen). The median UNVA was 0.12 logMAR (20/25 Snellen) and the median CNVA was 0.03 logMAR (20/20 Snellen). The median uncorrected reading acuity measured with the Salzburg Reading Desk for near distance at 40 cm was 0.18 logMAR (20/32 Snellen). The subjectively preferred near distance was 39 cm and revealed similar visual acuity results. The best reading acuity for intermediate distance with a median of 0.22 logMAR (20/32 Snellen) was achieved at a median distance of 62 cm. Reading performance of the multifocal IOL corresponded for near standardized and individual distance, whereas reading function was better at the patient's preferred intermediate distance. [J Refract Surg. 2016;32(8):526-532.].

Near and intermediate visual and reading performance of patients with a multifocal apodized diffractive intraocular lens using an electronic reading desk

To functionally evaluate an apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) using an electronic reading desk (Salzburg Reading Desk). University Eye Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Prospective case series. After implantation of an Acrysof IQ Restor +3.0 diopter (D) multifocal IOL, uncorrected(UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, uncorrected (UNVA) and distance-corrected (DCNVA) near visual acuities, and uncorrected (UIVA) and distance-corrected (DCIVA) intermediate visual acuities were determined. Criteria for evaluating reading acuity were the reading speed and print size. Monocular and binocular examinations were performed with the electronic reading desk at fixed distances and at the patient's preferred near and intermediate distances. In addition, a subjective questionnaire was administered. Forty eyes (20 patients) were enrolled. Monocularly, the medians were UDVA, 0.00 logMAR (range 0.26 to -0.14 logMAR); CDVA, -0.08 logMAR (range 0.16 to -0.24 logMAR); 40cm UNVA, 0.04 logMAR (range 0.24 to -0.10 logMAR); DCNVA, 0.00 logMAR (range 0.18 to -0.22 logMAR); 80cm UIVA, 0.15 logMAR (range 0.40 to -0.18 logMAR); DCIVA, 0.16 logMAR (range 0.42 to -0.14 logMAR). The monocular reading desk examinations resulted in an uncorrected reading acuity of 0.11 logMAR (range 0.49 to -0.01 logMAR) at 40cm and 0.30 logMAR (range 0.48 to 0.00 logMAR) at 80cm. Patients reported a high rate of spectacle independence and satisfaction in everyday life. The +3.0 D IOL provided good postoperative functional results at far and near and improved the visual and reading acuity at an intermediate distance. The International Vision Correction Research Centre has received research grants, travel expenses, and lecture fees from various intraocular lens manufacturers. None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Clinical Evaluation of Functional Vision of +1.5 Diopters near Addition, Aspheric, Rotational Asymmetric Multifocal Intraocular Lens.

PurposeTo evaluate postoperative outcomes and visual performance in intermediate distance after implantation of a +1.5 diopters (D) addition, aspheric, rotational asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL).MethodsPatients underwent bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of an aspheric, asymmetric MIOL with +1.5 D near addition. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The main outcome measures were monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), distance corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) and distance corrected keratometry, and manifest refraction. The Salzburg Reading Desk was used to analyze unilateral and bilateral functional vision with uncorrected and corrected reading acuity, reading distance, reading speed, and the smallest log-scaled print size that could be read effectively at near and intermediate distances.ResultsThe study comprised 60 eyes of 30 patients (mean age, 68.30 ± 9.26 years; range, 34 to 80 years). There was significant improvement in UDVA and CDVA. Mean UIVA was 0.01 ± 0.09 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and mean DCIVA was -0.02 ± 0.11 logMAR. In Salzburg Reading Desk analysis for UIVA, the mean subjective intermediate distance was 67.58 ± 8.59 cm with mean UIVA of -0.02 ± 0.09 logMAR and mean word count of 96.38 ± 28.32 words/min.ConclusionsThe new aspheric, asymmetric, +1.5 D near addition MIOL offers good results for distance visual function in combination with good performance for intermediate distances and functional results for near distance.

Near and intermediate reading performance of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens using a reading desk

To evaluate reading performance of a trifocal intra-ocular lens (IOL) at near and intermediate distances using the Salzburg Reading Desk. International Vision Correction Research Centre and David J. Apple Laboratory, University Eye Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany. Prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. Follow-up examinations at a minimum of 3 months postoperatively included uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, uncorrected (UIVA) and distance-corrected (DCIVA)) intermediate as well as uncorrected (UNVA) and distance-corrected (DCNVA) near visual acuity. Uncorrected and distance-corrected reading acuity at 40 cm for near, 80 cm for intermediate distance, and at the patient's preferred near and intermediate distances were evaluated with the reading desk. In this study, 22 eyes of 11 patients having cataract surgery with implantation of the trifocal Finevision IOL were evaluated. Postoperative monocular Snellen median values were 20/21.44 (range 20/52.61 to 20/14.49) for UDVA, 20/20.47 (range 20/38.11 to 20/16.64) for UIVA, and 20/26.39 (range 20/43.76 to 20/18.24) for UNVA. Subjective intermediate distance at the binocular uncorrected examination on the reading desk was 64.2 cm (range 51.9 to 80.0) with a reading acuity of 0.10 logMAR (range 0.32 to 0.00). Subjective near distance at the uncorrected binocular reading desk examination was 36.5 cm (30.8 to 41.2) with a near reading acuity of 0.06 logMAR (range 0.23 to -0.01). The preferred distances differed significantly from the fixed ones of 40 and 80 cm. The preferred intermediate distance was almost consistent, with the intermediate addition of 1.75 D corresponding to 57.1 cm. The visual and reading function of the trifocal IOL was better at the patient's preferred near and intermediate distances. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Evaluation of an electronic reading desk to measure reading acuity in pseudophakic patients

To compare a new electronic reading desk (Salzburg-Advanced) with conventional measurements of reading acuity. Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria. Evaluation of diagnostic test. In study 1, the electronic reading desk was compared with the same version of a printed reading chart. All patients were measured twice with autorefraction (Topcon KR8800) and subjective refraction. In study 2, patients were measured once. In addition, electronic reading desk measurements were obtained under different contrast and luminance levels. Study 1 evaluated 100 eyes of 50 pseudophakic patients. Differences between the electronic reading desk and the printed version were small and not significant for reading speed (131.1 words per minute [wpm]±28.7 [SD] versus 134.9±20.7 wpm), reading distance (44.7±14.4 cm versus 39.6±7.6 cm), and smallest possible read print size (1.95±0.58 mm versus 2.02±0.70 mm), respectively. Study 2 evaluated 40 eyes of 20 pseudophakic patients. Reading acuity and the smallest possible read print size decreased with lower contrast and reduced luminance, whereas reading distance and reading speed did not change significantly. Measurements performed with the electronic reading desk can be used interchangeably with those performed using a printed chart. The opportunity to preset standardized luminance and contrast settings could be useful for measurements in clinical trials. Drs. Dexl and Grabner have a proprietary interest in the Salzburg Reading Desk technology as patent assignees. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Influence of additional astigmatism on distance-corrected near visual acuity and reading performance

AimTo investigate the effect of astigmatism on near vision performance.MethodsIn a consecutive case series 23 eyes of 23 participants were fogged with 0 D, −0.75 D and −1.5 D of...

Bilateral reading performance of 4 multifocal intraocular lens models and a monofocal intraocular lens under bright lighting conditions

To compare changes in reading performance parameters after implantation of 4 multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) models and a monofocal IOL. Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with bilateral cataract without additional ocular pathology were scheduled for bilateral implantation of Acri.Smart 48S monofocal, Acrysof Restor SN6AD3 apodized multifocal, AT LISA 366D diffractive multifocal, Tecnis ZMA00 diffractive multifocal, or Rezoom refractive multifocal IOLs. Bilateral corrected and uncorrected reading acuity, reading distance, mean and maximum reading speeds, and smallest log-scaled print size of a Radner reading chart were evaluated under bright lighting conditions (500 lux) using the Salzburg Reading Desk. Pupil size was not measured throughout the trial. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. The diffractive multifocal groups had significantly better uncorrected reading acuity and uncorrected smallest print size than the monofocal and refractive multifocal groups 1, 6, and 12months postoperatively. The diffractive IOL groups had comparable uncorrected reading distance of approximately 32 cm, which was larger in the monofocal group (38.9 ± 8.4 cm) and refractive multifocal group (37.1 ± 7.3 cm) at the last visit. Patients with diffractive IOLs could read print sizes of approximately 0.74 to 0.87 mm, which was much better than in the monofocal and refractive multifocal groups. The diffractive AT LISA IOL provided the best reading speed values (mean and maximum, corrected and uncorrected). Multifocal IOLs with a diffractive component provided good reading performance that was significantly better than that obtained with a refractive multifocal or monofocal IOL. Drs. Grabner and Dexl were patent owners of the Salzburg Reading Desk technology (now owned by SRD-Vision, LLC). No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Reading performance and patient satisfaction after corneal inlay implantation for presbyopia correction: Two-year follow-up

To evaluate change in reading performance parameters after monocular Kamra corneal inlay implantation for the surgical correction of presbyopia. University surgical outpatient center. Prospective interventional case series. A corneal inlay was implanted in the nondominant eye. Naturally emmetropic and presbyopic patients between 45 years and 60 years old with an uncorrected distance visual acuity of at least 20/20 in both eyes without additional ocular pathology were eligible for inclusion. Bilateral uncorrected reading acuity, reading distance, mean and maximum reading speed, and the smallest log-scaled print size (lower case letter of a Radner reading chart) were evaluated using the Salzburg Reading Desk. The minimum postoperative follow-up was 24 months. Twenty-four patients were enrolled. The mean reading distance was 46.7 cm ± 6.3 (SD) preoperatively and 39.5 ± 6.4 cm 24 months postoperatively (P<.001). The mean reading acuity at best distance improved (0.33 ± 0.13 logRAD versus 0.23 ± 0.11 logRAD) (P=.004). The mean reading speed increased from 141 ± 20 words per minute (wpm) to 146 ± 20 wpm, respectively (P=.261), and the mean maximum reading speed from 171 ± 28 wpm to 180 ± 22 wpm, respectively (P=.110). The smallest print size improved from 1.50 ± 0.42 mm to 1.01 ± 0.22 mm, respectively (P<.001). Improving the depth of focus by monocular implantation of a small-aperture optic caused statistically significant changes in all tested reading performance parameters except reading speed metrics in emmetropic presbyopic patients.

Reading Performance After Implantation of a Modified Corneal Inlay Design for the Surgical Correction of Presbyopia: 1-Year Follow-up

To evaluate change in different reading performance parameters after monocular ACI7000PDT corneal inlay implantation for the improvement of near and intermediate vision. Prospective, interventional case series. Twenty-four patients were scheduled for corneal inlay implantation in the nondominant eye in a university outpatient surgery center. Naturally emmetropic and presbyopic patients between 45 and 60 years of age, with uncorrected distance visual acuity of at least 20/20 in both eyes, without any additional ocular pathology were eligible for inclusion. Bilateral uncorrected reading acuity, mean and maximum reading speed, and smallest log-scaled print size were evaluated with the standardized Radner Reading Charts. Measurements of reading parameters and reading distance were performed with the Salzburg Reading Desk (SRD). Minimum postoperative follow-up was 12 months. The reading desk results showed significant changes in each parameter tested. After 12 months the mean reading distance changed from the preoperative value of 46.7 cm (95% CI: 44.1-49.3) to 42.8 cm (95% CI: 40.3-45.3, P < .004), and the mean reading acuity "at best distance" improved from 0.33 logRAD (95% CI: 0.27-0.39) to 0.24 logRAD (95% CI: 0.20-0.28, P < .005). Mean reading speed increased from 141 words per minute (wpm, 95% CI: 133-150) to 156 wpm (95% CI: 145-167, P < .003), maximum reading speed increased from 171 wpm (95% CI: 159-183) to 196 wpm (95% CI: 180-212, P = .001), and the smallest print size improved from 1.50 mm (95% CI: 1.32-1.67) to 1.12 mm (95% CI: 1.03-1.22, P < .001). After ACI7000PDT implantation, there were significant changes in all tested reading performance parameters in emmetropic presbyopic patients. These 1-year results indicate that the inlay seems to be an effective treatment for presbyopia.

Reading performance after implantation of a small-aperture corneal inlay for the surgical correction of presbyopia: Two-year follow-up

To evaluate the change in reading-performance parameters after implantation of the Kamra small-aperture intracorneal inlay over a 2-year follow-up. University Eye Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Cohort study. This study comprised naturally emmetropic presbyopic patients. Bilateral reading acuity, reading distance, reading speed, and the smallest log-scaled sentence were evaluated in a standardized testing procedure using the Salzburg Reading Desk. The minimum postoperative follow-up was 24 months. The study enrolled 32 patients. The reading desk results showed a significant improvement in each parameter tested. After a mean follow-up of 24.2 months ± 0.8 (SD), the mean reading distance changed from the preoperative value of 48.1 ± 5.5 cm to 38.9 ± 6.3 cm (P < .0001), the mean reading acuity at best distance improved from 0.3 ± 0.14 logRAD to 0.24 ± 0.11 logRAD (P < .000001), and the mean reading speed increased from 142 ± 13 words per minute (wpm) to 149 ± 17 wpm (P=.029). One patient lost 1 line, and 1 patient had no change. The improvement was up to 6 log-scaled lines (mean improvement 2.7 ± 1.6 lines) in the other 30 patients. After implantation of the small-aperture intracorneal inlay, there was an improvement in all tested reading performance parameters in emmetropic presbyopic patients; the improvement was the result of an increased depth of field. These 2-year results indicate that the inlay is an effective treatment for presbyopia.

Optical analysis, reading performance, and quality-of-life evaluation after implantation of a diffractive multifocal intraocular lens

To evaluate the reading performance, changes in quality of life, and optical performance after cataract surgery with multifocal diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Vissum Corporation, Alicante, Spain. Prospective case series. Patients with bilateral cataract had implantation of Acri.LISA 366D multifocal IOLs. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity outcomes were evaluated during a 6-month follow-up. Other parameters evaluated included reading performance (Salzburg Reading Desk), a 25-item quality-of-life questionnaire (National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 [NEI VFQ-25] and appendix NEI VFQ-39), and ocular optical performance (ocular aberrometry and modulation transfer function). The study included 48 eyes (24 patients) ranging in age from 47 to 77 years. The meanuncorrected distance visual acuity (logMAR) improved significantly 1 month postoperatively (P<.01), with no significant changes afterward (6 months, P≥.06). The mean reading acuity without correction improved significantly from 0.68 logRAD ± 0.20 (SD) to 0.16 ± 0.08 logRAD 1 month after surgery (P < .01). However, it was worse by the end of the follow-up (6 months, P = .04). During the follow-up, no significant changes were found in the mean reading speed without near correction (6 months, P = .50). Contrast sensitivity improved significantly at all spatial frequencies under photopic and scotopic conditions after surgery (6 months, P≤.02). The quality-of-life index related to reading ability also improved significantly (3 months, P = .03). Implantation of the multifocal diffractive IOL significantly improved reading performance, which had a positive effect on the patient's quality of life postoperatively. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.