Ethanol Salt Research Articles

Mesoporous SBA-15@Tromethamine-Pr: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Catalytic Application in the Synthesis of Bis(Pyrazolyl)Methanes

In this work, a novel Praseodymium complex of tromethamine immobilized onto the SBA-15 channels was successfully synthesized by a simple procedure. The SBA-15@Tromethamine-Pr was synthesized easily using chemical attachment of tromethamine compound on (3-Chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) functionalized SBA-15 (SBA-15@n-Pr-Cl), followed by treatment with Praseodymium(III) nitrate pentahydrate salt in ethanol under reflux conditions. The proposed catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EDX, Map, ICP-OES, SEM, and TGA studies and were successfully applied in the synthesis of for the synthesis of bis(pyrazolyl)methane derivatives. This designed protocol offers several advantages including the use of commercially available and inexpensive materials, short reaction times, high yield, simple procedure, and easily separable and reusable catalyst.

Ultrasonic Clusterization Process to Prepare [(NNCO)6Co4Cl2] as a Novel Double-Open-Co4O6 Cubane Cluster: SXRD Interactions, DFT, Physicochemical, Thermal Behaviors, and Biomimicking of Catecholase Activity.

A novel double-open-cubane (NNCO)6Co4Cl2 cluster with a Co4O6 core was made available under aqua-ultrasonic open atmosphere conditions for the first time. The ultrasonic clusterization of the (3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanol (NNCOH) ligand with CoCl2·6H2O salts in ethanol yielded a high-purity and high-yield cluster product. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet (UV)–visible techniques were used to elucidate the clusterization process. The double-open-Co4O6 cubane structure of the (NNCO)6Co4Cl2 cluster was solved by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and supported by density functional theory (DFT) optimization and thermogravimetric/differential TG (TG/DTG) measurements; moreover, the DFT structural parameters correlated with the ones determined by SXRD. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), Mulliken atomic charge/natural population analysis (MAC/NPA), highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/LUMO), density of states (DOS), and GRD quantum analyses were computed at the DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) theory level. The thermal behavior of the cluster was characterized to support the formation of the Co4O6 core as a stable final product. The catalytic property of the (NNCO)6Co4Cl2 cluster was predestined for the oxidation process of 3,5-DTBC diol (3,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-diol) to 3,5-DTBQ dione (3,5-di-tert-butylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione).

PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF THE AU (III) COMPLEX WITH NOVEL (AZO -SCHIFF BASE) LIGAND

The Aim: Biological studies carried out of new gold complexes after its preparation.
 Place and Duration of Study: All preparations were carried out in college of education, chemistry lab between (Jan 2021 to May 2022).
 Study Design: New azo –Schiff base ligand 2-amino-3-(2-((3-((2-hydroxy-4-sulfamoylphenyl)imino)-1,5- dimethyl- 2-phenyl- 2,3-dihydro- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl) diazenyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid with chelate complexes of Co(II),Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) , Hg(II) and Au(III) were prepared with metal salts in ethanol a solvent in 1:1 ratio (metal : ligand) . The azo-Schiff base ligand has been synthesized from condensation of 2-amino-3- (2-((3-( (2 -hydroxy- 4-sulfamoylphenyl) imino)- 1,5-dimethyl -2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid with 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide.
 Methodology: The prepared azo Schiff ligand and its metal complexes where checked by different spectral technique as, FT-IR ,C.H.N elemental analyses , Atomic absorption, magnetic moment measurements, molar conductance, UV-vis, ,1H-NMR and mass spectra studies.
 Results: The data show that the complexes have the composition of 1:1[M:L] chelates type and octahedral geometry with each of Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions, except for Au(III) ion which has square planer geometry. All complexes that non electrolytes and no conductive species but Au(III) complex is 1:2 electrolyte nature. This can support the electrolytic nature of the metal complex.
 Conclusion: Biological activity studies of the ligand and their metal complexes against several organisms, bacteria Gram positive G(+ve)staphylococcus aureus and bacteria Gram negative G (- ve)Escherichia coli, In addition to fungi like Aspergillus Niger, and Aspergillus flavus , are reported. Compounds exhibited the high activity on the growth of all types microorganisms in this study . The results showed the highest inhibitory effect for gold the complex. The effect of biological screening of the gold complex on human colon cancer cell line HT- 29 was investigated. The gold complex was observed to have the highest inhibitory effect.

Magnetic Silica-Coated Picolylamine Copper Complex [Fe3O4@SiO2@GP/Picolylamine-Cu(II)]-Catalyzed Biginelli Annulation Reaction.

An efficient and heterogeneous novel magnetic silica-coated picolylaminecopper complex [Fe3O4@SiO2@GP/Picolylamine-Cu(II)] was synthesized, characterized, and employed as a magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst in Biginelli condensation for the preparation of biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones. Fe3O4@SiO2@GP/Picolylamine-Cu(II) was synthesized easily using chemical attachment of the picolylaminecompound on Fe3O4@SiO2@GP, followed by treatment with copper salt in ethanol under reflux conditions. Fe3O4@SiO2@GP/Picolylamine-Cu(II) was affirmed by various analyses such as Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, vibrating-sample magnetometry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, DLS, inductively coupled plasma, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. The resulting catalyst system was successfully used in the Biginelli reaction through a variety of compounds such as aromatic aldehyde, urea, and ethyl acetoacetate under solvent-free conditions or ethylene glycol at 80 °C and yielded the desired products with high conversions with powerful reusability. The current approach was convenient and clean, and only 0.01 g of the catalyst could be used to perform the reaction. The easy work-up procedure, gram-scale synthesis, usage of nontoxic solvent, improved yield, short reaction times, and high durability of the catalyst are several remarkable advantages of the current approach. Also, the Fe3O4@SiO2@GP/Picolylamine-Cu(II) nanocatalyst could be recycled by an external magnet for eight runs with only a significant loss in the product yields.

Some new morpholine-based Schiff-base complexes; Synthesis, characterization, anticancer activities and theoretical studies

A new morpholine-based ligand (2) has been prepared from condensation of a branched amine containing morpholine, N1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-N1-((pyridine-2-yl)methyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (1), and salicylaldehyde. Metal complexes were synthesized by reaction of the ligand and metal salts in ethanol and the resulting products were characterized by elemental analyses, ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, infrared, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The structure of two complexes including [ZnL](ClO4) (3) and [NiHL](ClO4)·H2O (6a) have been determined by single crystal X-ray structural analysis, showing that the metal atoms are in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal (Zn) and a square planar (Ni) environment, respectively. Compounds were assayed for their anticancer activities against a panel of human tumor cell lines, including breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and human normal lung fibroblast cells (WI-38). Compounds 1, 2, 7, 9 and 10 demonstrated lower activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cell lines (IC50s > 100 µM) compared to other compounds. It has been shown that complexes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 possess different anticancer potentials against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and PC-3. More importantly, it was observed that compounds 3, 5 and 6 demonstrate a lower activity against WI-38 normal cell line than they do against cancer cell lines. Our results indicated that compound 8 has the highest anticancer activity on cancer cell lines, and the reason for that can be attributed to the presence of a silver atom in the complex. These results clearly showed that the anticancer activities of these compounds depend on the type of metal in the complex as well as the tested cancer cell line. Furthermore, the geometries of the [ML]n+ (M = Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Fe3+ and Co2+, n = 0, 1, 2) complexes have been optimized at the BP86/def2-SVP level of theory. The nature of M → L bonds in [ML]n+ complexes have been studied with the help of NBO analysis.

L-Phenylalanine derived tripodal vanadium complexes as catalysts for the asymmetric reductive coupling of benzaldehyde

Two tripodal vanadium complexes derived from modified l-phenylalanine were prepared and characterised. Both compounds were tested for their catalytic activity in the reductive coupling of benzaldehyde. Overall, the complexes are capable of catalysing the reductive coupling of benzaldehyde in the presence of metallic zinc as co-reductant and alkylammonium or alkylpyridinium acetate salts in ethanol under mild aerobic conditions. While benzyl alcohol is generally the major product, the yield of hydrobenzoin reaches ca. 38% under these conditions. Enantioselectivities reach 39% and there is a preferential formation of the trans diastereoisomer of hydrobenzoin. Attempts to study some aspects of the underlying mechanism were made. It was found that metallic zinc is capable of reducing the complexes to VIII species, which are likely to be the active catalytic species. The methodology described may set up a basis for the development of catalytic systems for the asymmetric synthesis of hydrobenzoins under mild conditions, not requiring chlorosilanes as electrophilic reagents for the regeneration of the catalyst.

Catechol oxidase and phenoxazinone synthase mimicking activity, X‐ray diffraction and density function theory study of pyridine and phenolate‐based manganese(II) and iron(III) complexes: Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization

AbstractA new series of MnII and FeIII chelates containing pyridine and phenolate‐based ligands was synthesized by treating the metal salt in ethanol with the Schiff‐bases, which were formed in situ. Analytical (C, H, N, and M), thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis & differential thermogravimetric), and spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV–Vis, ESR) in addition to molar conductance and magnetic measurements were employed to characterize the prepared metal chelates. Mono‐nuclear metal complexes, with N5 donor containing pentadentate Schiff‐base ligands were obtained. In addition, two dibridged homobinuclear iron(III) complexes with N4O donors containing phenolate‐based ligand were successfully isolated. Six‐coordinate complex species in an octahedral environment is proposed for both MnII and FeIII metal complexes. The density function theory study was used to optimize the geometrical shapes of three of the existing metal complexes and to identify some global reactivity descriptors. In addition, spectral data of PXRD with Expo 2014's structural solution software were utilized in the structural illustration of a representative MnII and FeIII complexes. Aerobic catalytic oxidation of 4‐tert‐butylcatechol (4‐TBCH2) and o‐aminophenol under catalytic conditions was studied by using the present manganese(II) and iron(III) complexes. The synthesized MnII and FeIII chelates exhibited a promising catalytic activity and probable catalytic sequences have been discussed.

Исследование влияния температуры на электропроводность растворов неорганических солей в этаноле

The electrical conductivity of the solutions depends on the nature of the solute and solvent. For a solvent, the main parameter is the dielectric constant. Since the dielectric constant of alcohols is much less than the dielectric constant of water, the electrical conductivity of alcoholic solutions of salts is less than the electrical conductivity of their aqueous solutions. Therefore, alcoholic solutions of inorganic salts are weak electrolytes. We previously studied the electrical conductivity of inorganic salts in a number of alcohols (ethanol, propanol-2 and butanol-1) at room temperature. It is of interest to study the effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity of salts in alcohols. Obviously, an increase of temperature salt solutions leads to an increase in their electrical conductivity. To study the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions electrolytes, we proposed an approach based on the study of the effect of temperature on the equivalent electrical conductivity of solutions at infinite dilution λ∞. Using this approach, we studied the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of a number of inorganic salts, carboxylic acids, and amino acids as a function of temperature. It has been established that for these solutions the dependence λ∞(Т) is described by the exponential Arrhenius equation λ∞ = Аexp(-E/(RT)). However, such studies have not been conducted for alcoholic salt solutions. In this regard, this article explores the possibility of describing the experimental data λ∞(Т) for solutions of certain inorganic salts in ethanol by this equation. It is shown that the Arrhenius equation with the found activation energies adequately describes the temperature dependence of the ultimate equivalent conductivity for solutions of a number of inorganic salts (chloride and calcium nitrate, cadmium iodide, lithium and potassium chloride, chloride, iodide and ammonium nitrate, silver nitrate and sodium bromide) in ethyl alcohol.

Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity studies of new N4O complexes derived from 2‐({3‐[2‐morpholinoethylamino]‐N3‐([pyridine‐2‐yl]methyl) propylimino} methyl)phenol

A new unsymmetrical five‐coordinate Schiff base ligand (HL) with an N4O donor set (2) has been prepared by condensation of N1‐(2‐morpholinoethyl)‐N1‐([pyridine‐2‐yl]methyl)propane‐1,3‐diamine with 2‐hydroxy‐benzaldehyde. Metal complexes [ML]n+ (M = Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Fe3+, and Co2+ (3–10) were synthesized by the reaction of the ligand and metal salts in ethanol. The resulting products were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (in the case of Cd and Zn complexes), UV–Vis, electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometric, and conductivity measurements. The structure of the complexes [ZnL](ClO4) (3), [CdL](ClO4) (4), and [CuL](ClO4) (7) has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The metal complexes were determined to have a distorted trigonal bipyramidal (Zn and Cd) or a distorted square pyramidal (Cu) geometry. The cytotoxic potential of each compound (1–10) against MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 (breast cancer cells), PC‐3 (prostate cancer cells), and WI‐38 human normal lung fibroblast cells was evaluated using the MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Compounds 1, 2, and 10 did not display any activity toward any cell line tested. None of the compounds except compound 8 was cytotoxic toward PC‐3. Compounds 4 and 8 showed the highest cytotoxic activity against the MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines. Because compounds 3, 6, and 9 have similar half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values against cancer cells and normal cells, these compounds displayed poor selectivity between cancer and normal cells. More importantly, it was observed that compound 5 acts differently toward different types of cell lines. For example, it displays lower cytotoxicity against the WI‐38 normal cell line than it does against the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line.

1-(1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)-1H-tetrazoles and their complexation with copper(II) chloride

1-(1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl)-1H-tetrazole (trt) and 1-(1-tert-butyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1H-tetrazole (btrt) were synthesized by heterocyclization of corresponding amines with triethyl orthoformate and sodium azide. The interaction of trt with copper(II) chloride in ethanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid was found to result in 1D coordination polymer [CuCl2(trt)(H2O)]n·nH2O. N-tert-butylated ligand btrt reacts with the copper salt in ethanol giving 2D coordination polymer [CuCl2(btrt)]n. Tetrazole ring-opening reaction with the formation of [CuCl2(3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium)2][CuCl4]·2H2O was observed in the interaction of trt with copper(II) chloride in aqueous hydrochloric acid. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of [CuCl2(btrt)]n revealed that the copper(II) ions were weakly ferromagnetically coupled showing a coupling constant J of 1.2 cm−1.

Influence of modification of chemical solution deposition on morphology and conductivity of CaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ films

Dense uniform films of CaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ (CZY) electrolyte were grown on porous supporting SrTi0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (STF) electrodes via modified chemical solution deposition technique. Liquid precursor for the film deposition was prepared using a solution of inorganic salts in ethanol and a nanopowder obtained from this solution by drying and precalcining at 550 °C. A complex of techniques including X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Impedance Spectroscopy were utilized to characterize phase purity, morphological and electrical properties of the deposited films. Distribution of relaxation times was used for separation of the bulk and grain boundary contributions to the total conductivity of the films from the impedance spectra. The suggested modification allows not only reducing the number of liquid precursor deposition steps for fabrication of dense films, but also increasing grain size and conductivity of the films.

Design, synthesis and characterization of new trimethine oxonol dyes from 1,3-indandione and 2-substituted vinamidinium salts

A series of novel cationic trimethine oxonol dyes with pyridinium substituents in the β-position of polymethine chain have been synthesized via an easy and efficient methodology by the condensation of 1,3-indandione with various substituted vinamidinium salts in ethanol as a green solvent without formation of any byproducts. The chemical structure of the synthesized dyes was investigated by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS techniques. The solutions of the new dyes in DMF absorbed visible light wavelengths at about 524–530 nm with narrow band widths and high molar absorption coefficients (around 1–2 × 105 dm3 mol−1 cm−1). They also exhibited fluorescence with a maximum emission intensity at about 700 nm and a relatively large (about 171–176 nm) Stokes shift. An optimized geometrical configuration of the dyes has been determined by using the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) theoretical level.

Composition, Characterization and Antibacterial activity of Mn(II), Co(II),Ni(II), Cu(II) Zn(II) and Cd(II) mixed ligand complexes Schiff base derived from Trimethoprim with 8-Hydroxy quinoline

New Schiff base ligand 2-((4-amino-5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidin-2-ylimino) (phenyl)methyl)benzoic acid] = [HL] was synthesized using microwave irradiation trimethoprim and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Mixed ligand complexes of Mn((II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand [HL] and 8-hydroxyquinoline [HQ] then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in (1:1:1) ratio. The ligand [HL] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, melting point, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The mixed ligand complexes are characterized by infrared spectra, electronic spectra, (C.H.N), melting point, atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic moment measurements. These measurements indicate that the ligand [HL] coordinates with metal (II) ion in a tridentate manner through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the ligand, octahedral structures are suggested for these complexes. Antibacterial activity of the ligands [HL], [HQ] and their complexes are studied against (gram positive) and (gram negative) bacteria.

Functional Substituted Phthalocyanines Bearing Ter–pyridine Complexes as Macromolecular Oxidation Catalysts for Bleaching Systems

AbstractThe present study dealing with the oxidation catalysts using in laundry bleaching process comprises of the complexion of 4’‐(N‐2‐phthalonitrile‐N‐methylamino)‐2,2’:6’,2’’‐terpyridine (2) with the related MnCl2.4H2O and CoCl2.6H2O salts in ethanol to obtain 4’‐(N‐2‐phthalonitrile‐N‐methylamino)‐2,2’:6’,2’’‐terpyridine‐Mn (II) complex (3) and 4’‐(N‐2‐phthalonitrile‐N‐methylamino)‐2,2’:6’,2’’‐terpyridine‐Co (II) complex (4). Terpyridine metal complexes substituted Zinc phthalocyanines, Tetrakis [4’‐(N‐2‐phthalonitrile‐N‐methylamino)‐2, 2’: 6’, 2’’‐terpyridine‐Mn(II) complex] phthalocyaninato zinc(II) (5) and Tetrakis [4’‐(N‐2‐phthalonitrile‐N‐methylamino)‐2,2’:6’,2’’‐terpyridine‐Co(II) complex] phthalocyaninato zinc(II) (6) were also prepared by the tetramerization of the terpyridine‐metal complexes (3, 4) in the presence of ZnCl2. FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, UV‐Vis, ESI‐MS and MALDI‐MS spectra were applied to characterize the prepared compounds. 4‐nitrophthalonitrile and some other starting materials crystallized in the synthetic pathway. 4‐nitrophthalonitrile crystalizes in different morphology and 4’‐(N‐2‐ Hydroxyehyl‐N‐methylamino)‐2, 2’ : 6’, 2’’‐ terpyridine (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group. The compound 2 and 3 crystallize in the monoclinic space group. The bleach performances of the prepared terpyridine complexes (3, 4) and their phthalocyanine derivatives (5, 6) were examined by the degradation of Morin dye by using online spectrophotometric method (OSM).

Synthesis, microstructure, and electric properties of CaZr0.9Y0.1O3 – δ films obtained on porous SrTi0.8Fe0.2O3 – δ supports

Compact CaZr0.9Y0.1O3–δ (CZY) film on a porous SrTi0.8Fe0.2O3–δ (STF) support is obtained using the technique of deposition from solutions of inorganic salts in ethanol. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the film has a nanoporous granular structure with the grain size of 0.2 to 1 μm. The thickness of the CZY film on the STF support is about 3 μm after 15-fold solution application. The results of studying the elemental composition showed that elements of the support diffuse into the film in the course of synthesis. Analysis of the data of impedance spectroscopy shows that conductivity of the CZY film is limited the grain bulk. It is assumed that the comparatively low conductivity activation energy of the film (50.3 kJ/mol) is due to diffusion of elements of the STF support that results in variation of the film composition and properties.

Synthesis, Characterization and Study of Antibacterial Activity of a New Schiff Base Ligand and Its Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Metal Ions

Some coordination complexes of Co(??), Ni(??), Cu(??), Cd(??) and Hg(??) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand derived from of 2,4,6- trihydroxybenzophenone and 3-aminophenol using microwave irradiation and then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in 1:2 ratio (metal: ligand). The ligand [H4L] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, C.H.N, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The metal complexes are characterized by atomic absorption, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, molar conductance, (C.H.N for Ni(??) complex) and magnetic moment measurements. These measurements indicate that the ligand coordinates with metal (??) ion in a tridentate manner through the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the ligand, octahedral structures are suggested for these complexes. Antibacterial activity of the ligand [H4L] and its complexes are studied against (gram positive) and (gram negative) bacteria [Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus]. The proposed structure of the complexes using the program, Chem office (2006) and the general formula has been given for the prepared ligand complexes K2[M(H2L)2].

Synthesis, Characterization and Study of Antibacterial Activity of a New Schiff Base Ligand and Its Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Metal Ions

Some coordination complexes of Co(??), Ni(??), Cu(??), Cd(??) and Hg(??) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand derived from of 2,4,6- trihydroxybenzophenone and 3-aminophenol using microwave irradiation and then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in 1:2 ratio (metal: ligand). The ligand [H4L] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, C.H.N, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The metal complexes are characterized by atomic absorption, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, molar conductance, (C.H.N for Ni(??) complex) and magnetic moment measurements. These measurements indicate that the ligand coordinates with metal (??) ion in a tridentate manner through the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the ligand, octahedral structures are suggested for these complexes. Antibacterial activity of the ligand [H4L] and its complexes are studied against (gram positive) and (gram negative) bacteria [Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus]. The proposed structure of the complexes using the program, Chem office (2006) and the general formula has been given for the prepared ligand complexes K2[M(H2L)2].

Synthesis of sub-micron spherical monoclinic stabilized Al/zirconia, Al–Ni/zirconia and Al–Ni–Cu/zirconia solid solutions

A series of monodisperse sub-micron spherical zirconia solid solutions were prepared by hydrolysis of zirconium, aluminum, nickel and copper salts in ethanol. The heat-treatment process of the as-prepared amorphous materials in air atmosphere at 500°C leaded to the production of the zirconia solid solutions in tetragonal phase. Further heating from 800–1400°C resulted in the formation of stabilized monoclinic zirconia solid solutions. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of pure phase nanocrystalline zirconia solid solutions with spherical shape even at 1000°C. Optical studies of the nanostructured solid solutions showed the decreases in band gaps with increasing the heat-treatment temperature due to grain growth.

Facile synthesis and characterization of trimesic acid-Cu based metal organic frameworks

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks based on trimesic acid (TMA) as organic linker and Cu (II) as metal ions from different metal salts such as CuCl 2 , Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , CuSO 4 and Cu(CH 3 COOH) 2 were prepared in relatively environmentally friendly media e.g., at room temperature in DI water and at the boiling point of ethanol. The prepared TMA-Cu MOFs showed very interesting porosity and optical coloring based on the source of the used metal salts and preparation medium. The prepared MOFs were characterized in terms of their porosity with BET measurements and it was found that about 850 m 2 /g for the MOF prepared from Cu(NO 3 ) 2 salt in ethanol. The amounts of metal ions connected to TMA were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy measurements (AAS) after dissolution of TMA-Cu MOFs by concentrated HCl treatments. From AAS measurements the mole ratio of Cu(II) to TMA was found to vary between 1.5 and 2, depending on the source of metal ions and the solvent used during preparation. The structural analysis and thermal characterization of the prepared MOFs were done by using FT-IR and TGA analysis, respectively. Additionally, TMA-Cu based MOF disks were prepared and their conductivities were determined by I – V measurements. The conductivity of TMA-Cu MOFs was calculated to be between 8.26E−08 and 5.29E−11 S/cm.

Solution thermodynamics of S-ibuprofen n-octyl-d-glucamine salt in ethanol + water cosolvent mixtures

The solubility of S-ibuprofen n-octyl-d-glucamine salt (SIOGS) in ethanol+water cosolvent mixtures were determined from 293.15 to 323.15K at atmospheric pressure. The thermodynamics functions of solution and mixing of SIOGS, such as the Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated from the solubility data using Gibbs and van’t Hoff equations. The solubility reached maximum when the mole faction of ethanol was 0.6 to 0.8 at different temperatures and was very low in pure water at the whole range of the temperatures studied. This behavior showed that the cosolvent effect existed in this system. By enthalpy–entropy compensation analysis, a nonlinear plot between ΔHsolno and ΔGsolno was obtained, whose slope was negative when in the mole fraction of ethanol was from 0.00 to 0.35, positive from 0.35 up to 0.7 and negative when higher than 0.7.