Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Research Articles

Polycystic ovary syndrome is positively correlated with periodontitis: a prospective study

To explore the correlation between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontitis in light of cytokines levels, sex hormone levels and metabolism-related indicators and their changes during progression of the two diseases. Twenty healthy subjects and 40 patients diagnosed with PCOS underwent full-mouth periodontal examinations to obtain full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), gingival bleeding index of probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The participants were divided into Group A without periodontitis or PCOS (n=15), Group B with PCOS but without periodontitis (n=28), Group C with periodontitis but without PCOS (n=5), and Group D with both diseases (n=12). Serum levels of luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), testosterone, prolactin, progesterone and estradiol, and the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor α and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in both serum and saliva samples were measured at the time of enrolment and at 3 and 6 months after enrolment and compared among the 4 groups. Serum MMP-8 level was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A (P<0.05). Salivary MMP-8 level was significantly higher in Group D than in Group B (P<0.05). Salivary MMP-8, LH, and LH/FSH levels and serum and salivary IL-6 and progesterone levels all tended to increase in the 6 months after enrollment (OR>1, P<0.05). During the follow-up period, serum IL-6 levels differed significantly between the non-PCOS groups (A and C) and PCOS groups (B and D)(P<0.05); serum IL-6 and salivary MMP-8 levels differed significantly between the non-periodontitis groups (A and B) and periodontitis groups (C and D)(P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis indicated positive correlations of LH and LH/FSH with PD (P<0.05); testosterone and LH/FSH were positively correlated with serum MMP-8 levels (P<0.05), and PD, BOP and FMPS were positively correlated with salivary MMP-8 levels (P<0.01). There is a correlation between PCOS and periodontitis, and their progression is accompanied by changes in serum and salivary levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum sex hormones.

Assessment of Salivary MMP-8 and IL-1β for the Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases in Pakistani Population.

Clinical methods use the subjective diagnosis of periodontal diseases by visual observation that could result in differences and variability of diagnosis. The addition of specific markers could aid in the accurate diagnosis of the local population. The objective of the study was to target two of the major proteins for possible significance in such an approach. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 60 participants aged between 18 and 70 years. Three groups each with twenty participants were recruited into periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy control. The samples were analyzed using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the result. Posthoc analysis by Tukey's test revealed that MMP-8 levels were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups as compared with healthy controls. The test also revealed that IL-1β levels were higher in the periodontitis group compared with the healthy control and gingivitis group. Additionally, one-way analysis of variance analysis showed a significant effect on probing depth in gingivitis and periodontitis patients. The mean age of periodontitis group was significantly higher than other groups. Salivary biomarkers may provide useful diagnostic information and could be utilized as tests for periodontal disease screening, prognosis, and prediction.

Relation between salivary Matrix-metalloproteinase-8 with periodontal health; dental biofilm induced gingivitis, localized and generalized periodontitis

Aim of the study: was to find the potential relation between the salivary concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-8 with periodontal health and disease by examining its’ level in individuals with healthy periodontium, with dental biofilm induced gingivitis and with periodontitis (localized and generalized).&#x0D; Material and method: Saliva was collected from 90 participants with an age range from (20-60) years, all of them were systemically healthy. 25 cases were enrolled under the dental Biofilm induced gingivitis group, 25 cases under the localized periodontitis group, and 25 cases under the generalized periodontitis group, with 15 subjects enrolled in the healthy periodontium(control) group. Detection of MMP-8 in saliva was achieved by utilizing Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).&#x0D; Results: The present data showed that MMP-8 was higher significantly(P&lt;0.05) in disease groups (dental Biofilm induced gingivitis, localized and generalized periodontitis groups) as compared to the healthy (control) group. With a significant difference between dental biofilm-induced gingivitis and generalized periodontitis groups.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 with periodontal health and disease.

An optical fiber-based point-of-care test for periodontal MMP-8 detection: A proof of concept

ObjectivesThe evaluation of salivary biomarkers has been proposed as a simple and non-invasive aid to the conventional periodontal diagnosis based on clinical-radiographic parameters. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), especially in its active form, is considered one of the most reliable biomarkers of periodontitis, and point-of-care tests (POCTs) have been proposed for its clinical monitoring. In this proof-of-concept study, a novel highly sensitive POCT based on a plastic optical fiber (POF) biosensor exploiting surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect salivary MMP-8 is described. MethodsA SPR-POF biosensor was functionalized with a specific antibody to develop a surface-assembled monolayer (SAM) for the detection of total MMP-8. A white light source and a spectrometer connected to the biosensor were used to quantify MMP-8 level in both buffer and real matrix (saliva) by analysing the shift of the resonance wavelength determined by the specific antigen-antibody binding upon the SAM. ResultsDose-response curves by serial dilutions of human recombinant MMP-8 were realized, obtaining a limit of detection (LOD) of 40 pM (1.76 ng/ml) in buffer and 225 pM (9.9 ng/ml) in saliva and high selectivity compared to interferent analytes (MMP-2 and IL-6). ConclusionsThe proposed optical fiber-based POCT was able to detect and measure total MMP-8 with high selectivity and very low LOD in both buffer and saliva. Clinical significanceThe SPR-POF technology may be employed to create highly sensitive biosensors to monitor salivary MMP-8 levels. The possibility of specifically detecting its active, rather than total, form need to be further investigated. If confirmed and clinically validated, such a device may represent a promising tool to make an immediate, highly sensitive and reliable diagnosis of periodontitis, and to carry out a timely and targeted therapy, possibly helping to prevent the onset of local and systemic periodontitis-related complications.

The influence of smoking on oral neutrophils and matrix metalloproteinase-8 in periodontitis patients before and after nonsurgical treatment.

To evaluate and compare the oral neutrophil numbers (ONN) in saliva, the level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the periodontal parameters in smokers versus non-smokers with periodontitis, before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). 40 chronic periodontitis patients including 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers were enrolled in this quasi-experimental study. All patients were received the NSPT included instructing oral hygiene, scaling and root planing. At baseline (T0) and after NSPT 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T3), all patients were assessed for salivary ONN, GCF MMP-8, and clinical parameters like plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The differences between the two groups were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test; and the differences between T0, T1 and T3 of each group were analyzed with paired-samples t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The ONN was significantly less in smokers than in non-smokers although there was no significant difference in other parameters between the two groups at baseline (p>0.05). All clinical periodontal parameters reduced significantly after 1 month and 3 months of NSPT in both groups (p<0.01). PPD of non-smokers was significantly lower than those of smokers at T1 and T3. ONN and MMP-8 level showed a significant decrease in non-smoking subjects, while there was no significant difference in smoking ones after NSPT (T1 and T3). At 1 month after treatment, ONN tended to reduce in non-smokers whereas to increase in smokers significantly. Smoking reduced ONN, impaired treatment effect in reducing PPD, and changed the MMP-8 level in gingival crevicular fluid to NSPT. Identifier NCT04974502 in CLinicalTrials.gov.

Immunomodulatory Effect of Novel Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Doxycycline as an Adjuvant Treatment in Periodontitis.

The immunomodulatory effect of a novel biomaterial obtained through electrospinning, based on polylactic acid (PLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP), loaded with doxycycline (doxy) was evaluated in an animal model. The treatment capabilities as a local non-surgical treatment of periodontitis was investigated on the lower incisors of Wistar rats, after the induction of localized periodontitis using the ligature technique. Following the induction of the disease, the non-surgical treatment of scaling and root planing was applied, in conjunction with the application of the new material. The results of the treatment were evaluated clinically, using the tooth mobility and gingival index scores, as well as histologically. The salivary concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and plasmatic concentrations of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were also monitored. Two weeks after the ligature application, the periodontal disease was successfully induced in rats. The application of the novel biomaterial obtained through electrospinning was proven to be more effective in improving the clinical parameters, while decreasing the salivary MMP-8 and plasmatic IL-1 and TNF-α concentrations, compared to the simple scaling and root planing. Thus, the novel electrospun biomaterial could be a strong candidate as an adjuvant to the non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Assessing salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.

IntroductionMatrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) is considered as one of the most promising diagnostic markers for periodontal disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been correlated with impaired collagen synthesis and an increase in periodontal tissue susceptibility to pathogenic microorganisms.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the impact of ADT on salivary MMP‐8 level and periodontal parameters, which might be useful in monitoring periodontal disease in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT.Materials and MethodsA total of 88 subjects were selected and were divided into two groups: Group I included n = 78 PC patients who have been undergoing ADT); Group II included n = 10 healthy individuals. Periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were examined. The salivary MMP‐8 level was estimated by using the sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method.ResultsSignificant differences in mean salivary MMP‐8 level were found between PC patients undergoing ADT and healthy individuals. Salivary MMP‐8 levels of all individuals were positively correlated with GI, PI, PPD, and CAL. Salivary MMP‐8 can distinguish between periodontitis and healthy individuals with an accuracy of about 80%.ConclusionSalivary MMP‐8 levels were found to be higher in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT compared to healthy individuals.

Impact of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Pulmonary functions, Periodontal Health and Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 of COPD Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinico-biochemical Study.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on periodontal clinical parameters, spirometric indices, and salivary MMP-8 levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with concurrence of chronic periodontitis (CP) compared with systemically healthy CP. In this prospective clinico-biochemical study, a total of 75 patients belonging to various socioeconomic strata were randomly divided into cases, that is, COPD patients as per the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria with concurrence of CP [at least ≥ 20 teeth with ≥ 2 tooth sites having pocket probing depth (PPD) or clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥ 4mm and bleeding on probing (BOP)] and controls (systemically healthy CP). Both groups underwent NSPT and were evaluated for plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PPD, CAL, and BOP and spirometry (FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC)) values at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months and for salivary MMP-8 levels at baseline and 3 months. Statistical results showed that cases (COPD with CP; n = 37) were significantly older (mean age 56.16 ± 9.01 years), ex-smokers (48.6%) with male preponderance (78.4%), and belonged to the upper middle class (40.5%) as compared to controls (systemically healthy CP; n = 38). After NSPT, significant improvement in mean PI, GI, PPD, CAL, and BOP was observed in both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months with better results in controls. FEV1/FVC was significantly improved (P < .001) in cases with insignificant change in controls at 12 months. After 3 months, MMP-8 levels were significantly reduced in cases (P = .002) and controls (P < .001). The present study provided substantial evidence that COPD patients have poorer periodontal health as compared to systemically healthy counterparts. Further, these patients showed improvement in FEV1/FVC, however, with higher salivary MMP-8 levels despite NSPT at the end of the study, indicating a possible role of systemic inflammatory overburden of pulmonary disease.

Diagnostic Potential of Salivary Biomarker Profiles in Epidemiological Survey of Periodontitis

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of salivary biomarker profiles in determining the prevalence of periodontitis in the adult population using the case definition for population-based surveillance of periodontitis (CDC/AAP) criteria. &#x0D; Methods: Eighty subjects with healthy periodontium, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis were recruited (20 in each group) using CDC/AAP criteria. Clinical parameters of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI) were recorded. Salivary samples were analyzed to determine levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and total protein (TP). ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare clinical and salivary parameters. Multinomial regression analysis was used to identify each examined group.&#x0D; Results: Clinical parameters were significantly higher in periodontitis groups compared to the healthy group (p&lt; 0.0001) except in PPD and PI. Both MMP8 and IL-1β were significantly higher in the moderate and severe periodontitis groups compared to the healthy group. No statistically significant differences in TP levels were found between examined groups (p=0.9). Multinomial regression analysis showed that the combination of MMP8, IL-1β, and age could accurately identify health, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis groups with the certainty of 90%, 65%, 60%, 70%, respectively.&#x0D; Conclusions: This study suggests that age, salivary MMP8, and IL-1β levels offer a way to determine the prevalence of periodontitis using CDC/AAP criteria.

Salivary biomarkers for discriminating periodontitis in the presence of diabetes.

Salivary biomarkers can help in assessment of periodontitis; however, concentrations may be altered in the presence of diabetes. Hence, the ability of salivary biomarkers to discriminate periodontally healthy type II diabetics (T2DM) from T2DM who have periodontitis was examined. Ninety-two participants (29 with T2DM with chronic periodontitis, DWP; 32 T2DM without chronic periodontitis, DWoP; and 31 Not Periodontitis, NP) provided saliva and clinical parameters of periodontal health were recorded. Salivary concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), adiponectin and resistin were measured by immunoassay. Salivary analyte concentrations for IL-1β, MMP-8 and resistin correlated with clinical parameters of periodontitis, with MMP-8 demonstrating the strongest positive correlation with PD ≥5mm (p<0.0001). Periodontal health was reflected in salivary analyte concentrations by group, with concentrations of IL-1β and MMP-8 showing significant associations with periodontitis (p≤0.04) that increased in concentration from health to DWoP to DWP. Odds ratio (OR) analyses showed that MMP-8 discriminated periodontitis from NP (OR of 8.12; 95% CI: 1.01-65.33; p=0.03) and in the presence of T2DM (DWP vs DWoP, OR=5.09; 95% CI: 1.24-20.92; p=0.03). Salivary MMP-8 and IL-1β discriminate periodontitis in T2DM.

Effect of Nigella Sattiva (Kalonji) Oil Based Mouth Wash on Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Level in Patients with Chronic Periodonititis- A Randomized controlled Trial

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and Objective&lt;/strong&gt;: Salivary level of Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), a collagen degradation enzyme, is known to increase during chronic periodontitis. Nigella sativa is one of the potent anti[1]inflammatory compounds that has a promising role in oral inflammatory conditions. Present study aims to explore the salivary MMP-8 levels after Nigella sativa oil-based mouth wash as compared to placebo(normal saline) after non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This parallel arm randomized controlled trial was conducted at FMH College of Medicine &amp;amp; Dentistry, Lahore Pakistan from January 2018 to June 2019. Fifty patients suffering from chronic periodontitis were recruited and randomized into the treatment group that received Nigella sativa oil and the control group that received simple normal saline. Salivary samples for MMP-8 levels were collected , once before non-surgical periodontal therapy and secondly after two weeks of&amp;nbsp;rinsing with Nigella sativa oil-based mouthwash in one group and normal saline in the second. Salivary MMP-8 levels were determined through ELISA. The comparison within groups was done through paired t test and between groups through independent sample t-test.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Mean pre-treatment concentration of salivary MMP-8 of the Nigella Sativa group and normal saline group were 199.37 &amp;plusmn; 300.75 ng/l and 195.29 &amp;plusmn; 175.89 ng/l that decreased post-treatment to 147.35 &amp;plusmn; 144.9ng/l and 114.17 &amp;plusmn; 129.21ng/l respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in the salivary MMP-8 levels between the chronic periodontitis patients using Nigella sativa or normal saline mouth wash twice daily for two weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The salivary levels of MMP-8 reduced in patients with chronic periodontitis after scaling and root planning with the use of Nigella sativa oil-based mouthwash as well as placebo (normal saline). However, this reduction was statistically non-significant both within and between the study groups.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Nigella Sattiva (Kalonji) Oil Based Mouth Wash on Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Level in Patients with Chronic Periodonititis- A Randomized controlled Trial

Effect of Nigella Sattiva (Kalonji) Oil Based Mouth Wash on Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Level in Patients with Chronic Periodonititis- A Randomized controlled Trial

Diagnostic Utility of Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in Chronic Periodontitis: A Novel Approach

Currently, diagnosis of chronic periodontitis is based on clinical methods which are cumbersome and have been shown to have inherent errors and drawbacks including inability to detect active disease. There is therefore an urgent need for a timely, cost-effective and less cumbersome method. Salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 has been shown in some studies to be a promising bio-marker of chronic periodontitis. This was a case-control study conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. It had 40 cases and 40 controls designed to assess the diagnostic ability of salivary MMP-8 in periodontal disease. Unstimulated whole saliva was assessed using the Quantikine human total MMP-8 ELISA kit from R&D® systems Europe.

Association of mRNA Levels of IL6, MMP-8, GSS in Saliva and Pyelonephritis in Children.

Nowadays, saliva is a subject of growing scientific interest because of its definite advantages as diagnostic medium. The aim of our study was to investigate the diagnostic potential and reliability of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of selected genes—interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and glutathione synthetase (GSS)—as salivary markers in children with diagnosed pyelonephritis and to correlate their levels with typical urine para-clinical indicators of the disease. Analysis of the mRNA levels for IL-6, MMP-8 and GSS in 28 children hospitalized with the diagnosis of pyelonephritis was conducted applying the method of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In the study group (n = 28), IL-6 mRNA levels demonstrated 64-fold increase (p < 0.001). MMP-8 and GSS mRNA levels were increased in 12 samples in patients with pyelonephritis 3.27 (p < 0.01) and 1.94 (p < 0.001) times, respectively. We found a strong and significant correlation (p < 0.001) between the investigated mRNA for IL-6 and MMP-8, IL-6 and GSS, MMP-8 and GSS. Moderate degree of correlation was established between IL-6 and the typical para-clinical indicator of leucocytes (0.43, p < 0.05) and between GSS and leucocytes (0.54, p < 0.01). Salivary IL-6, MMP-8 and GSS mRNA levels in combination with urine test analysis could be useful diagnostic tool for the very distributed disorder of pyelonephritis in childhood.

A Prototype Antibody-based Biosensor for Measurement of Salivary MMP-8 in Periodontitis using Surface Acoustic Wave Technology

Periodontitis is an economically important disease which is highly prevalent worldwide. Current diagnostic approaches are time-consuming and require interpretation of multiple aspects of clinical and radiographic assessment. Chair-side monitoring of inflammatory mediators of periodontitis could provide immediate information about disease activity, which can inform patient management. We aimed to develop a novel prototype biosensor to measure salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) using specific antibodies and surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. The analytical performance of the prototype biosensor was compared to standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using unstimulated saliva samples obtained from patients with periodontitis before and after non-surgical treatment (N = 58), patients with gingivitis (N = 54) and periodontally healthy volunteers (N = 65). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis for distinguishing periodontitis from health revealed an almost identical performance between the sensor and ELISA assays (area under curve values (AUC): ELISA 0.93; SAW 0.89). Furthermore, both analytical approaches yielded readouts which distinguished between heath, gingivitis and periodontitis, correlated identically with clinical measures of periodontal disease and recorded similar post-treatment decreases in salivary MMP-8 in periodontitis. The assay time for our prototype device is 20 minutes. The prototype SAW biosensor is a novel and rapid method of monitoring periodontitis which delivers similar analytical performance to conventional laboratory assays.

Microbiological and biochemical findings in relation to clinical periodontal status in active smokers, non-smokers and passive smokers.

INTRODUCTIONCigarette users are more susceptible than non-smokers to periodontitis, a bacterial-induced, inflammation-driven, destructive disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth. We hypothesized that clinical periodontal findings and microbiological and/or inflammatory marker levels would be intermediate in those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke compared to active smokers and non-smokers.METHODSSixty individuals were recruited from a University periodontal clinic and assigned as non-smokers, active smokers or passive-smokers according to their self reports. Clinical periodontal measurements, comprising plaque index, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing, were recorded at six sites per tooth. Cotinine levels were determined in whole saliva samples by EIA. Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection was determined by PCR, while matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations were determined by ELISA.RESULTSStudy groups were subsequently reassigned in accordance with the cotinine data. The smoker group exhibited higher mean PD and CAL values compared to the non-smoker group (p<0.05). Passive-smokers exhibited PD and CAL values smaller than those of the active smokers and greater than those of the non-smokers, but the differences were not statistically significant. PD and CAL values correlated with cotinine concentrations (p<0.05). P. gingivalis infection was noted in most subjects, irrespective of smoking status. T. denticola infection was noted in 4/23 (17.4%) smokers, 0/16 (0%) environmentally-exposed recruits and 2/21 (9.5%) non-smokers. Salivary MMP-8 and IL-8 levels were lower in smokers compared to both non-smokers and passive-smokers but the differences were not significant (all p>0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe present clinical periodontal findings provide further support for a negative, dose-related effect of tobacco exposure on periodontal health. The tendency for a more prevalent detection of T. denticola and for a suppressed inflammatory response observed in the smokers may partly explain the increased susceptibility to periodontal tissue destruction, but needs to be verified in larger scale studies.

Biologic modelling of periodontal disease progression.

To investigate the synergistic role of biologic markers from saliva, serum and plaque in modelling periodontitis disease progression. This longitudinal study evaluated characteristics of disease progression in 114 patients with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis. The primary outcome was detection of sites with progressing attachment loss sites over 6months in patients who received scaling and root planing or oral hygiene only. The predictive potential of 27 biomarkers in serum, whole saliva and subgingival plaque was evaluated using three classification algorithms (Support Vector Machines; Naïve Bayes Classifier; and Linear Discriminant Analysis) within an ensemble predictive modelling framework. Disease progression occurred in 24.6% of subjects (28/114). Predictive modelling using Naïve Bayes Classifier identified progressors best with sensitivity of ~89%. The use of the three classification algorithms revealed the concerted role of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8, serum biomarkers (serum amyloid P, matrix metalloproteinase 1, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, isoprostane) along with levels of Porphryomonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia in plaque in predicting progressors. Synergistic utility of baseline bacterial and inflammatory biomarkers from saliva, serum and plaque predicted disease progression.

Effects of food supplements on periodontal status and local and systemic inflammation after nonoperative periodontal treatment.

The present study aimed to assess the effects of a multimicronutrient food supplement on periodontal clinical parameters and systemic/local inflammatory markers. Thirty patients with severe chronic periodontitis who adhered to the Mediterranean diet (MD) underwent non-surgical therapy and daily took either the micronutrient complex (group-A) or olive oil (group-B) from baseline (T0) to 3 months (T2). Supragingival debridement was performed at T0. One month later (T1), one-stage-full-mouth disinfection was performed. Periodontal clinical parameters were monitored and correlated with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8/9 (MMPs-8/9) quantified at each time point. Longitudinal analysis revealed that in group-A, the MMP-8/-9 levels were decreased at T2 compared with at T0 (P = 0.013 and P = 0.004, respectively) and that the MMP-9 levels were decreased at T1 (P = 0.004). These reductions were not significant in group-B. The CRP levels in both groups did not change over time. No between-group differences were noted for any parameter. The correlation between the full-mouth bleeding score and the MMP-8 level in both groups was significant (P < 0.001). The investigated local and systemic inflammatory parameters were not affected by the tested multimicronutrient supplement in patients who adhered to MD. In conclusion, MMP-8 is useful for assessing the reduction in periodontal inflammation.

Characterizing the Subgingival Microbiome of Pregnant African American Women

ObjectiveTo generate preliminary data about the subgingival microbiome of pregnant African American women to calculate power for a future larger study and to explore associations among the microbiome, periodontal inflammation, and preterm birth. DesignComparative descriptive pilot study design. SettingUrban area in the southeastern United States. ParticipantsThirty-four African American women in the third trimester of pregnancy. MethodsBased on visual assessment, participants were placed in two groups: healthy gingiva and gingivitis. Saliva samples were analyzed for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase–8 (MMP-8), and C-reactive protein (CRP). DNA was extracted from subgingival plaque samples, and amplicons of the fourth hypervariable region were sequenced. ResultsWe found no differences in overall microbiome diversity between the healthy gingiva (n = 22) and the gingivitis (n = 12) groups although significant differences were found among the bacterial taxa present. The gingivitis group had greater levels of salivary IL-1β and MMP-8, whereas CRP was not different between groups. Overall microbiome diversity was positively associated with the CRP level. We found no significant relationships among the subgingival microbiome, periodontal inflammation, and preterm birth. ConclusionGingivitis in pregnancy did not appear to shift the overall composition or diversity of the subgingival microbiome although differences in several bacterial taxa suggest that inflamed gingiva in pregnant women are associated with a disruption in the stability of the subgingival microbiome. A correlation between the abundance of bacteria and CRP also suggests an association between the microbiome and systemic inflammation. These findings provide support for future research about how the oral microbiome and progression of periodontal disease in pregnant women link with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in Relation to Periodontal Health Status Among a Group of Hypertensive Patients

Background: Hypertension is probably the most important public health problem around the world. People with periodontal disease may be at greater risk of hypertension. The inflammatory effects of periodontal disease help to promote endothelial dysfunction in arteries which may lead to changes in blood pressure. Salivary MMP-8 has been associated with both periodontal disease and prevalent hypertension. Aim of study: This study was conducted to measure salivary matrix metalloproteinase - 8, in relation to periodontal health condition among a group of patients with hypertension in comparison with control group. Materials and methods: Ninety subjects, aged 45-50 years old were included in this study, seeking treatment for chest pain in Ibn-AlBaytar center for cardiac surgical treatments in Baghdad, Iraq. The subjects were divided into study group (45 patient) who were diagnosed to be a hypertensive patient, and a control group (45 subject), with no hypertension. Plaque status was evaluated according to the Silness and Loe, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Unstimulated saliva was collected from all subjects to analyses MMP-8. Result: A high mean value of plaque index, clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth for the study group than the control group with statistically no significant difference. In addition to that, a significant positive correlation between the plaque index and the clinical attachment level among both groups. Salivary MMP-8 level showed a higher level in the study group than in the control group, with statistically significant difference between groups, and a significant positive correlation was detected between salivary MMP-8 with plaque index, among study group, Conclusions: Higher percentage of periodontal diseases was found among patients with blood hypertension. In addition, high level of salivary MMP-8 is potentially associated with periodontal status of the study group.