Saline Irrigation Research Articles

Relationship between renal pelvis pressure and post-ureteroscopy infection in a live swine model.

To evaluate the relationship between renal pelvis pressure and infection after ureteroscopy, using a live swine model. In anaesthetised pigs, a 1-h ureteroscopy was performed using a pressure-sensing guidewire, with renal pelvis pressure maintained at either 37 mmHg or 75 mmHg for the entire procedure and infusion with saline alone or with a standardised concentration of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073 (1.5 × 107 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL). Venous blood sampling was performed during and after the procedure. Vital signs, inflammatory biomarkers, and renal tissue and blood cultures were assessed. In 21 pig kidneys, study groups were: 37 mmHg with saline irrigation (n = 3); 75 mmHg with saline irrigation (n = 4); 37 mmHg with saline irrigation with 1.5 × 107 CFU/mL E. coli (n = 7); and 75 mmHg with saline irrigation with 1.5 × 107 CFU/mL E. coli (n = 7). Statistically significant changes in inflammatory biomarkers were most pronounced in the group with 75 mmHg saline irrigation + E. coli and were significantly elevated compared with the control group and the group receiving E. coli irrigation at 37 mmHg. Positive blood cultures were noted in 5/7 animals treated with E. coli at 75 mmHg; no others developed bacteraemia. In this swine model of ureteroscopy, irrigation with saline + E. coli at a renal pelvis pressure of 75 mmHg resulted in bacteraemia and inflammatory biomarker elevations significantly greater than both E. coli irrigation with renal pelvis pressure maintained at 37 mmHg and the control.

Efficacy of Endodontic Cryotherapy in Alleviating Post-Treatment Pain after Single-Visit RCT: A Randomized Study

ABSTRACT Aim: This study aims to assess whether endodontic cryotherapy can effectively lower discomfort after a single root canal visit. Material and Method: Thirty-six patients aged 18–32 years requiring single-visit root canal treatment (RCT) were divided into three groups at random, with twelve people in each: group 1 (control group), group 2 (normal saline), and group 3 (cold saline). After root canal therapy was finished, group 1 got no further treatment, group 2 got standard saline irrigation at room temperature, and group 3 got cold saline irrigation at 35.6–41°F. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain after 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after therapy. Result: Preliminary results indicated a marked reduction in pain in group 3 relative to groups 1 and 2 at 6, 12, and 24 hours post-treatment (P < 0.05). At 48 hours, pain levels had significantly diminished across all groups, with group 3 consistently exhibiting the lowest VAS scores. Conclusion: Endodontic cryotherapy using cold saline irrigation shows significant efficacy in reducing post-treatment pain after single-visit RCT when compared to normal saline and no additional intervention. These findings suggest that integrating cryotherapy could be a valuable adjunct in endodontic pain management.

Impact of Salinity Stress on Soybean Growth and Yield under Saturated Soil Culture in Tidal Lands: A Comparative Study of Tolerant Varieties

Salinity stress, intensified by climate change events such as El Niño and drought, presents a significant challenge to soybean production in tidal lands. This study evaluated soybean varieties’ growth, tolerance, and yield under varying salinity conditions within a saturated water cultivation system. The experiment was conducted from February to May 2024 at the IPB Experimental Station in Leuwikopo, Bogor, Indonesia, using soil samples collected from type B tidal lands in Mulyasari Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with three factors and three replications each. The first factor was soybean variety (“Demas-1” and “Detap-1”), the second was soil salinity (0 and 2000 ppm NaCl), and the third was irrigation salinity at different growth stages (control, 2000 ppm NaCl before/during flowering, and 2000 ppm NaCl after flowering). The results demonstrated that the “Demas-1” variety exhibited superior growth characteristics, including higher leaf greenness, dry weight of root nodules, and number of filled pods per plant. Exposure to soil salinity of 2000 ppm NaCl led to a significant reduction in plant height (29.38%), leaf number (38.01%), leaf greenness (28.67%), dry weight (49.90%-60.80%), and filled pods per plant (55.51%), while increasing plant toxicity (108%). Irrigation with 2000 ppm NaCl further exacerbated these negative impacts, resulting in decreased leaf greenness (15.42%-18.06%) and filled pods per plant (17.84%-23.94%). The interaction between soybean variety, soil salinity, and irrigation salinity significantly influenced the number of filled pods per plant. The combination of any soybean variety with 2000 ppm NaCl resulted in a reduction of filled pods per plant. Moreover, applying saline irrigation after flowering to saline soil decreased the number of filled pods per plant by 64.68%. These findings highlight the critical importance of selecting tolerant soybean varieties and implementing effective irrigation management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on soybean production in tidal lands.

What influences interruption of continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care unit patients: A review with meta-analysis on outcome variables.

Evidence suggests that 8%-10% of ICU patients receive renal replacement therapy. However, there is a high rate of unplanned CRRT interruption, ranging between 17% and 74%. Studies on unplanned interruption of CRRT mainly focused on the retrospective investigation of related risk factors and conclusions have been diverse. This article aims to clarify the main influencing factors related to unplanned interruption of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in adult patients in intensive care units (ICUs). A literature review and meta-analysis were undertaken. Following the application of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), a total of 15 articles were included in a total of 2132 patients who underwent 3690 CRRT procedures and 2181 unplanned interruption times. The methodological guideline of a scoping review was applied for the evidence synthesis while applying the meta-analysis quantitative methodological guideline to identify and clarify main influencing factors related to unplanned interruption of CRRT. The reporting Prisma Protocol was followed. Longer filter life and prothrombin activation time, higher red blood cell count, greater transmembrane pressure, faster blood flow rate, intermittent saline irrigation, lower creatinine level, low prothrombin activity and pre-dilution are factors identified to potentially affect unplanned CRRT in ICU patients. Available evidence suggests four clinical challenges associated with unplanned CRRT interruption, namely: (a) effects of red blood cell count, filter life, cross-mode pressure, blood flow velocity, prothrombin activity and activated partial thrombin time on unplanned interruption; (b) influence of dilution mode on unplanned interruption; (c) influence of intermittent saline irrigation on unplanned interruption; (d) influence of Scr level on unplanned interruption. The potential to increase the ability to better manage unplanned CRRT in ICUs has been identified in this article and constitutes a relevant potential health care management contribution that can be implemented by nurses.

Residual Effect of Microbial-Inoculated Biochar with Nitrogen on Rice Growth and Salinity Reduction in Paddy Soil.

Increasing soil and water salinity threatens global agriculture, particularly affecting rice. This study investigated the residual effects of microbial biochar and nitrogen fertilizer in mitigating salt stress in paddy soil and regulating the biochemical characteristics of rice plants. Two rice varieties, Shuang Liang You 138 (SLY138), a salt-tolerant, and Jing Liang You 534 (JLY534), a salt-sensitive, were grown under 0.4 ds/m EC (S0) and 6.84 ds/m EC (S1) in a glass house under controlled conditions. Three types of biochar-rice straw biochar (BC), fungal biochar (BF), and bacterial biochar (BB)-were applied alongside two nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (60 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) in a previous study. The required salinity levels were maintained in respective pots through the application of saline irrigation water. Results showed that residual effects of microbial biochars (BF and BB) had higher salt mitigation efficiency than sole BC. The combination of BB and N fertilizer (BB + N120) significantly decreased soil pH by 23.45% and Na+ levels by 46.85%, creating a more conducive environment for rice growth by enhancing beneficial microbial abundance and decreasing pathogenic fungi in saline soil. Microbial biochars (BF and BB) positively improved soil properties (physicochemical) and biochemical and physiological properties of plants, ultimately rice growth. SLY138 significantly had a less severe response to salt stress compared to JLY534. The mitigation effects of BB + N120 kg ha-1 were particularly favorable for SLY138. In summary, the combined residual effect of BF and BB with N120 kg ha-1, especially bacterial biochar (BB), played a positive role in alleviating salt stress on rice growth, suggesting its potential utility for enhancing rice yield in paddy fields.

Comparison of Decontamination-Preservation Protocols for Delayed Surgical Re-implantation of Osteoarticular Fracture Fragments

Background: To avoid discarding contaminated, devascularized osteoarticular fragments required for joint reconstruction, fragments need to be decontaminated while preserving chondrocyte viability. We hypothesized that disinfection with povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine followed by preservation using the Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System (MOPS) would allow for effective decontamination while retaining essential chondrocyte viability in osteoarticular fracture fragments for up to 14 days of shelf-stable point-of-care storage. Methods: With IACUC approval, purpose-bred hounds (n=16) were humanely euthanized for unrelated purposes and subjected to captive bolt trauma to create open distal humeral fractures. For each elbow (n=32), humerus, radius and ulna tissues were recovered such that 96 contaminated, devascularized osteoarticular fragments were randomly allocated to one treatment: Betadine (n=42): saline irrigation (1L), immersion in 10% povidone-iodine (20 min), saline irrigation; Chlorhexidine (n=42): saline irrigation, immersion in 0.002% chlorhexidine gluconate (20 min), saline irrigation; Injured Control (n=12): no decontamination treatment. After 7 or 14 days in MOPS, tissues were assessed by quantitative microbial culture and Viable Chondrocyte Density (VCD) measures. Results: Captive bolt trauma consistently resulted in type 3 open articular fractures. Injured Control osteoarticular fragments produced high polymicrobial counts at days 7 and 14. Chlorhexidine treatment was effective for decontaminating fragments such that no CFUs for clinically relevant bacteria were produced, while Betadine treatment was not fully effective at decontamination. Chlorhexidine decontamination followed by MOPS preservation maintained VCD in osteoarticular tissues over the desired 70% mean for 14 days, whereas the Injured Control group was associated with significant loss of VCD (Day-7=59%, Day-14=13%), which was further exacerbated by Betadine treatment (Day-7=29%, Day-14=6%). Conclusion: Contaminated, devascularized osteoarticular fracture fragments can be effectively decontaminated while maintaining essential chondrocyte viability for 14 days after type 3 open articular fractures using a decontamination-preservation protocol that combines saline irrigation with 0.002% chlorhexidine immersion followed by shelf-stable point-of-care storage in MOPS.

Investigation of saline irrigation strategies for pistachio orchard

Investigation of saline irrigation strategies for pistachio orchard

Effect of hot saline irrigation on the operative field during endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Control of bleeding is very important during endoscopic sinus surgery. Saline heated up to 50°C causes dilatation of vessels and edema without nasal mucosa necrosis. It also promotes the clotting cascade so helps in having a bloodless procedure. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients divided into two groups (30 each). Group A was the interventional group in which patients were irrigated with saline of 50°C during surgery. Group B was the control group where room-temperature saline was used. The operative field was assessed using the Boezaart score, duration of surgery, and bleeding in ml. The Boezaart score in group A came out to be 2.23 ± 0.72 whereas it was 3.43 ± 0.72 in group B. Most of the patients who were in the interventional group had their surgery completed within 60min with comparatively less bleeding (mean bleeding = 221.83ml). Patients of the control group had increased duration of surgery mostly and bleeding (mean = 265.67ml). Our study showed a strong correlation amongst the Boezaart score, duration of surgery, and bleeding in ml with a p value of < 0.001 where all three variables significantly improved in the interventional group due to a good operative field provided by warm saline heated up to 50°C. Normal saline heated up to 50°C is a cost-effective way to achieve a bloodless operative field during endoscopic sinus surgery. Reduced bleeding also decreases the duration of surgery.

Analysis of direct costs of trans anal saline irrigation to pharmacological measures for bowel dysfunction

BackgroundManagement of bowel dysfunction in children is expensive. Pharmacological measures (PM) are the most commonly used treatment option which has shown to have varying outcomes. The next option after failed PM involves invasive surgical procedures like the Malone Antegrade Continence Enema (MACE). Trans Anal Irrigation (TAI) is an efficacious treatment modality between failed medical therapy and invasive surgeries. As no cost analysis of TAI in children has been conducted, this study evaluated the direct costs involved with TAI in comparison to PM from the health care provider perspective. MethodsChildren >4 years with persistent bowel dysfunction despite PM, were divided into three groups: Constipation, Pseudoincontinence and Incontinence group. The costs of existing PM and number of diapers used daily were noted for each patient. In all patients, PM was stopped and TAI was initiated. Improvement in symptoms and reduction in daily diaper usage over six months was recorded. The direct costs of TAI versus the costs that would be involved had PM been continued, were compared using paired ‘t’ test. Results34 patients (20 male, 14 female) with an average age of 76.7 months were divided into three groups: Constipation:12, Pseudoincontinence:15 and Incontinence:7. In all groups, there was a significant reduction in direct costs with TAI in comparison to PM. ConclusionIn children with bowel dysfunction, TAI is an effective and significantly economical treatment modality in comparison to PM and should be considered early on in the management therapy.

Effect of Saline Nasal Irrigation in Patients with Sinonasal Symptoms

Nasal irrigation with saline is frequently used as an alternative therapy for sinonasal diseases since it effectively reduces sinonasal symptoms and improves the quality of life when measured by various subjective instruments. The mechanisms of action of saline irrigation remain unclear, but some hypotheses attribute the direct physical cleansing of thick mucus, allergens, and pollutants. This study aimed to determine the effect of nasal saline irrigation on the nasal mucosa using the modified Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score as the objective evaluation. This pre-post-experimental study was conducted at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from May to June 2023. The study included 18 individuals presenting with sinonasal symptoms. Participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria who provided informed consent were trained in nasal saline irrigation. Patients were assessed at baseline and one week after nasal saline irrigation using endoscopy, TNSS, and MCC time. Results revealed that the mean of endoscopic scores before and after saline irrigation were 6.89±1.1 and 5.33±1.4, respectively (p-value 0.006), while the mean of TNSS scores before and after saline irrigation was 6.17±2.3 and 4.28±2.6, respectively (p-value 0.006). Thus, nasal saline irrigation significantly improves the endoscopy and TNSS scores, but not the MCC time.

Unveiling the correlation between in vivo endodontic reciprocate instrumentation and crack formation

IntroductionDentinal microcracks have been supposedly associated with unrestorable vertical root fractures and consequently long-term treatment failure. This study aimed to investigate whether in vivo root canal instrumentation in mandibular incisors with vital pulps causes dentinal microcracks using two different irrigating solutions. MethodsFive patients with four vital mandibular incisors indicated for extraction were included. In vivo root canal preparation was performed using Reciproc R40 (tip #40 and taper 0.06). From these, two teeth were randomly assigned for root canal instrumentation irrigated with 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite irrigation (n = 10) or 2 % chlorhexidine gel with saline solution irrigation (n = 10). In sequence, all teeth were carefully extracted, stored in saline solution until microtomography (µCT) scan. Images were reconstructed and assessed for the presence or absence of dentinal microcracks where microcracks originating from the root canal lumen would be considered. All reconstructed samples were analysed dynamically and rendered in videos through the entire extension of the teeth, evaluating the axial cuts considering each third separately from the apex to the enamel-dentinal junction. Teeth were analysed using the DataViewer software at 100 % magnification without filters by three examiners blinded to the condition allocation. ResultsNo complete dentinal microcracks were observed after root canal instrumentation of mandibular incisors with vital pulps using Reciproc R40 regardless the irrigating solutions, 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite or 2 % chlorhexidine gel. ConclusionsIn vivo root canal instrumentation of mandibular incisors with vital pulps and bone/periodontal insertion does not cause dentinal microcracks and the irrigating solutions tested did not influence this occurrence. Microcrack evaluation must be performed in vivo conditions of dental tissue moist and periodontal support to avoid dryness dentinal alterations after extraction provoking false positive results. Clinical relevanceReciprocating instrumentation performed in vivo is safe and do not induce dentinal microcracks in mandibular incisors.

Salt tolerance of native trees relevant to the restoration of degraded landscapes in the Monte region, Argentina

Afforestation with native trees can enhance the conversion of degraded saline lands into productive landscapes with considerable economic and environmental benefits. To identify the native salt‐resistant species for restoration, we investigated how salinity affects the growth and water status of sapling from two Neltuma species from the Monte region. We produced Neltuma flexuosa and Neltuma chilensis saplings using seeds harvested from native forests with multiple provenances (Fiambalá, Chilecito, Mogna, Pipanaco, Talampaya, and Andalgalá). We conducted a greenhouse trial in which 810 saplings of different species/provenance combination received one of three saline irrigations, that is, sodium chloride solutions of 0.01 (no stress), 0.10 (moderate stress), and 0.25 M (severe stress). We found that Neltuma saplings exhibited varying degrees of reduction in their growth (plant height and aboveground biomass) and water status (e.g., stomatal conductance and leaf water potential) traits with increasing salt stress. N. flexuosa‐Fiambalá and N. flexuosa‐Chilecito were the most tolerant and sensitive, respectively, while all provenances of N. chilensis showed intermediate tolerance to salinity. These results suggest that N. flexuosa displays highly variable plasticity to salt stress compared to N. chilensis, emphasizing the need to select appropriate provenances for afforestation in saline‐degraded areas.

Comparison of the effect of warm saline irrigation versus negative gas suction on reduction of postoperative pain in patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare warm saline irrigation and negative gas suction in terms of frequency of severe postoperative pain in patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A comparative clinical trial was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad over a period of six months. After ethical approval from the hospital ethics committee, all patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups by lottery methods. One group had warm saline irrigation of the operative field while the other group had negative gas suction at the end of the procedure. The pain score was recorded postoperatively by visual analog score. SPSS version 21 was used for descriptive analysis of the variables. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were included according to the study's inclusion criteria. All the patients were observed for 24 hours for severe postoperative pain. The mean age (years) of the patients was 40.40+11.55 years. There were 28 (27.5%) male and 74 (72.5%) female patients in the study. The frequency of severe postoperative pain in patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy among warm saline irrigation and negative gas suction was 33 (64.7%) and 14 (24.5%) respectively which was statistically significant (p-value ˂0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients in the negative gas suction group have better modalities in reducing severe postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This helps in early pain relief that reduces the agony of the patients and shortens the post-operative hospital stay. KEYWORDS: Cholelithiasis, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Postoperative Pain

Pomegranate-Quinoa-Based Agroforestry System: An Innovative Strategy to Alleviate Salinity Effects and Enhance Land Use Efficiency in Salt-Affected Semiarid Regions.

Salinity is a major problem, impeding soil productivity, agricultural sustainability, and food security, particularly in dry regions. This study integrates quinoa, a facultative halophyte, into a pomegranate-based agroforestry with saline irrigation in northeast Morocco. We aim to explore this agroforestry model's potential in mitigating salinity's effects on quinoa's agronomic and biochemical traits and evaluate the land equivalent ratio (LER). Field experiments in 2020 and 2021 used a randomized block design with three replicates, including monocropping and agroforestry systems, two salinity levels (1.12 and 10.5 dS m-1), four quinoa genotypes (Titicaca, Puno, ICBA-Q4, ICBA-Q5), and a pomegranate control. Salinity significantly decreased total dry matter (40.5%), root dry matter (50.7%), leaf dry matter (39.2%), and root-to-shoot ratio (7.7%). The impact was more severe in monoculture than in agroforestry, reducing dry matter (47.6% vs. 30.7%), grain yield (46.3% vs. 26.1%), water productivity (47.5% vs. 23.9%), and total sugar (19.2% vs. 5.6%). LER averaged 1.86 to 2.21, indicating 86-121% higher productivity in agroforestry. LER averaged 1.85 at 1.12 dS m-1 and 2.18 at 10.5 dS m-1, reaching 2.21 with pomegranate-ICBA-Q5 combination. Quinoa-pomegranate agroforestry emerges as an innovative strategy, leveraging quinoa's salt resistance and agroforestry's potential to mitigate salinity impacts while enhancing land use efficiency.

Is Taurolidine Irrigation Effective in Preventing Surgical Site Infection during Fracture Surgery?

Taurolidine, known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and low toxicity, has shown promise in reducing infections in various surgical settings. However, it has not been extensively evaluated in orthopedic surgery. This study assessed the efficacy of taurolidine irrigation in reducing surgical site infections in patients undergoing ankle fracture surgery. A retrospective review was conducted for patients >20 years old who underwent ankle fracture surgery between March 2016 and March 2023, with follow-ups exceeding 6 months. Patients were classified into the following two groups: those who underwent normal saline (NS) irrigation and those who underwent taurolidine irrigation. Minor infections were defined as requiring additional oral antibiotics postoperatively, while major infections were characterized by hospitalization or reoperation due to infection within 3 months. Of 844 patients, 688 were included. The taurolidine group (n = 328) had a significant reduction in minor infections (7.3% vs. 22.5%, odds ratio = 0.410, p = 0.028) compared to the NS group (n = 360). Major infections were fewer in the NS group (1.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.051), but the number of cases was too small for reliable analysis. Taurolidine irrigation significantly reduces the occurrence of minor infections in ankle fracture surgeries when compared to normal saline irrigation.

Pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) recommendations.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be associated with significant postoperative pain that is difficult to treat. We aimed to evaluate the available literature and develop updated recommendations for optimal pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A systematic review was performed using the procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology. Randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews published in the English language from August 2017 to December 2022 assessing postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy using analgesic, anaesthetic or surgical interventions were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Databases. From 589 full text articles, 157 randomised controlled trials and 31 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Paracetamol combined with NSAIDs or cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors should be given either pre-operatively or intra-operatively, unless contraindicated. In addition, intra-operative intravenous (i.v.) dexamethasone, port-site wound infiltration or intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation are recommended, with opioids used for rescue analgesia. As a second-line regional technique, the erector spinae plane block or transversus abdominis plane block may be reserved for patients with a heightened risk of postoperative pain. Three-port laparoscopy, a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum, umbilical port extraction, active aspiration of the pneumoperitoneum and saline irrigation are recommended technical aspects of the operative procedure. The following interventions are not recommended due to limited or no evidence on improved pain scores: single port or mini-port techniques, routine drainage, low flow insufflation, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), infra-umbilical incision, i.v. clonidine, nefopam and regional techniques such as quadratus lumborum block or rectus sheath block. Several interventions provided better pain scores but are not recommended due to risk of side effects: spinal or epidural anaesthesia, gabapentinoids, i.v. lidocaine, i.v. ketamine and i.v. dexmedetomidine.

Evaluation of Postoperative Effects of Using Ozonated Water as an Irrigant on Soft and Hard Tissues Surrounding Dental Implants: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Aim To evaluate the short-term and long-term postoperative effects of ozonated water when used as an irrigant in terms of postoperative pain, healing, and implant stability when compared to normal saline irrigation during implant surgery, both carried out using conventional drilling protocol. Methods A total of 34 implants were placed in 17 patients, two implants in each patient, one implant using normal saline as an irrigant and another one using ozonated water as an irrigant during the surgical procedure of implant site osteotomy. Postoperative pain was assessed after 48 hours of the surgical procedure using the visual analog scale (VAS). Soft tissue healing was assessed after eight days using the tissue healing index. Osseointegration was checked by measuring the primary stability at the moment of implant placement and comparing it to the secondary stability measured three months after the implant placement. These stability values (ISQ) were obtained using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Results The VAS scores for the control group (Group A) after 48 hours were 71.76±5.57 and for the experimental group (Group B) after 48 hours were 47.64±5.33 so mean values in the experimentalgroup were significantly lower as compared to that in the control group (p<0.001). The mean healing index score for the control group (Group A) was 3.35±0.49 and the mean healing index score for the experimental group (Group B) was 4.64±0.49 so the mean values of tissue healing index in the experimental group were significantly higher as compared to that in the control group (p<0.001). The increase in stability value over the period of three months is 5.83 ISQ in the control group while the increase in stability value over the period of three months is 7.06 ISQ in the experimental group. The difference although not statistically significantshows a slight increase in stability in the experimental group as compared to that of the control group. Conclusion Ozone water irrigation at implant site osteotomy reduced postoperative pain and accelerated the tissue wound healing but the significant effect on osseointegration could not be determined.

Application of Silica Nanoparticles Improved the Growth, Yield, and Grain Quality of Two Salt-Tolerant Rice Varieties under Saline Irrigation.

Salt stress significantly reduces rice yield and quality and is a global challenge, especially in arid and semi-arid regions with limited freshwater resources. The present study was therefore conducted to examine the potential of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) in mitigating the adverse effects of saline irrigation water in salt-tolerant rice. Two salt-tolerant rice varieties, i.e., Y liangyou 957 (YLY957) and Jingliangyou 534 (JLY534), were irrigated with 0.6% salt solution to simulate high-salt stress and two SiO2 NPs were applied, i.e., control (CK) and SiO2 NPs (15 kg hm-2). The results demonstrated that the application of SiO2 NPs increased, by 33.3% and 23.3%, the yield of YLY957 and JLY534, respectively, compared with CK, which was primarily attributed to an increase in the number of grains per panicle and the grain-filling rate. Furthermore, the application of SiO2 NPs resulted in a notable enhancement in the chlorophyll content, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation, accompanied by a pronounced stimulation of root system growth and development. Additionally, the SiO2 NPs also improved the antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity and reduced the malondialdehyde content. The SiO2 NPs treatment effectively improved the processing quality, appearance quality, and taste quality of the rice. Furthermore, the SiO2 NPs resulted in improvements to the rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) pasting profile, including an increase in peak viscosity and breakdown values and a reduction in setback viscosity. The application of SiO2 NPs also resulted in a reduction in crystallinity and pasting temperature owing to a reduction in the proportion of B2 + B3 amylopectin chains. Overall, the application of silica nanoparticles improved the quality of rice yield under high-salt stress.

Effect of Wound Irrigation with Povidone Iodine Versus Normal Saline on Superficial Incisional Surgical Site Infection Following Laparotomy for Peritonitis

Abstract Background: Peritonitis is a surgical emergency arising mostly from the perforation or rupture of an abdominal hollow viscus. Surgical operations for peritonitis are often attended by high morbidity and sometimes mortality in severe cases. Surgical site infection (SSI) is perhaps the most common post-operative morbidity following laparotomy for peritonitis. Objective: To compare the rate of SSI in abdominal operations for peritonitis following wound irrigation with povidone iodine versus normal saline at a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, comparative hospital-based study over a year. Consecutive consenting adult patients were randomised into two groups in this study. The first group (A) used 500 mL of 1% povidone iodine for subcutaneous wound irrigation, while the second group (B) used 500 mL of normal saline for subcutaneous wound irrigation. Wound irrigation was done after an appropriate surgical procedure had been carried out based on the pathology. Wounds were assessed for SSI for up to 30 days after operation using the definition criteria by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). SSI rates were compared between the two groups. Result: Fifty-eight consecutive patients with generalised peritonitis over a one-year period were enrolled in this study, but 53 patients who completed the study were analysed. Thirty patients were males and 23 were females, and their mean age was 40.83 ± 17.96 years. Overall, 15 (28.3%) patients had incisional SSI. There were nine (34.6%) cases in the povidone group, while there were six (22.2%) in the saline group. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.32). Klebsiella species were the dominant organisms isolated from the infected wounds. Conclusion: Wound irrigation with povidone iodine after laparotomy for peritonitis did not reduce the rate and severity of surgical site infection more when compared to normal saline. We suggest further studies with a large number of patients in a multi-centre study to explore further the effect of povidone iodine versus normal saline wound irrigation on SSI following laparotomy for peritonitis.

Detection of the Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on the Management of Dry Socket

A dry socket is a commonly seen issue that happens throughout the process of wound healing following a tooth extraction. The etiology of this condition is still limited understood, and it frequently manifests in persons who have a state of good health. As a consequence, the management strategies for dry sockets have always depended on practical experience rather than scientific theory. This study aims to assess the efficacy of platelets-rich fibrin (PRF) in treating dry sockets and compare it with traditional therapy methods. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted among patients with a dry socket, who were categorized into two treatment groups. In the group I, the conventional treatment was used with performing gentle socket curettage and saline irrigation. The group II was treated with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF); the dry socket patients were examined at day 0 and achieved one of two treatment options, then scheduled follow-up appointments on days 4 and 7 after therapy. The pain score, inflammation and tenderness around the socket, and quantity of granulation tissue formation were assessed, respectively. In total, sixty patients with a dry socket were included in two treatment groups. The results show that The conventional therapy group required more than seven days to reach the same healing phase as group II with PRF-treated socket. It was observed that the PRF-treated group II patients experienced an improvement in pain, tenderness, inflammation and granulation tissue formation. The sockets treated with PRF showed statistically significant improvement in the healing process and granulation tissue formation compared with conventional treatment.