Doses Of Salicylic Acid Research Articles

Physiological and sanitary quality of sorghum seeds under the effect of oxalic and salicylic acid

Sorghum is one of the world's most important cereal crops, but it is susceptible to several diseases, particularly fungal diseases, with seeds being the main vehicle for dissemination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and oxalic acid (OA) on the physiological and sanitary quality of sorghum seeds. The seeds of Sorghum bicolor (L.) were immersed for 1 hour in solutions of OA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM) and SA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mM). A treatment with Captan® fungicide was also used, and the control group was immersed in distilled H2O for 1 hour. Variables from seed vigor tests and fungal incidence tests were evaluated. The control group showed the highest germination rate. However, among the treatments, the doses of 1 mM OA and 0.5 mM SA resulted in higher germination in the first germination count. The application of 1 mM OA and both doses of SA (0.5 mM and 1 mM) promoted a greater seedling vigor index (GVI). Seeds treated with 1 mM OA and doses of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 mM SA, as well as those treated with fungicide, had the highest emergence rates, and with 1.5 mM SA, the highest length of the longest root (LVEI). Seedlings from seeds treated with 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM SA and with 0.5 and 1.5 mM had the highest coleoptile length (CPA). The 0.5 mM dose of SA reduced the incidence of Aspergillus flavus, and the doses of 2 mM OA and 1, 1.5, and 2 mM SA reduced the incidence of Rhizopus stolonifer to 0%. SA provided the best physiological and health effects for sorghum seeds, making it the best treatment.

Maintenance of post-harvest antioxidant quality in ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape using salicylic acid

Salicylic acid is a plant growth regulator used in grapes to maintain postharvest quality. ‘Niagara Rosada’, a table grape, although much appreciated for its flavor, has a short shelf life. We evaluated the influence of postharvest application of different doses of salicylic acid on the quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ after harvest in an effort to control rates of berry drop and decay, as well as to maintain the quality of grape bunches during refrigerated storage. Freshly harvested bunches of ‘Niagara Rosada’ (Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera) were immersed in salicylic acid solutions at concentrations of 0.0, 0.28, 0.55, 0.83, and 1.10 g L-1, and then refrigerated (5 ± 1 °C and 95 ± 5 % RH) for 20 days. Physical and chemical analyses of grapes were performed at 5-day intervals. Salicylic acid maintained the postharvest quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes throughout storage. The lowest concentration of salicylic acid (0.28 g L-1) effectively induced the synthesis of phenolic compounds and improved the antioxidant capacities of both grapes and stems. High levels of salicylic acid (0.83 and 1.10 g L-1) resulted in an increase in anthocyanin content in fruit and enzyme activities (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in stems, enhancing conservation and reducing levels of decay and berry drop.

Effects of Salicylic Acid Seed Priming on Germination of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Exposed to Salt Stress

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an essential crop globally, particularly in Türkiye, West Asia, Southern Europe, India, and Africa. Lentil is a valuable food source, rich in proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. However, lentil production faces challenges due to salinity stress, which hampers water uptake and causes toxic effects on plants. The study aimed to investigate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) seed priming and varying salt (NaCl) concentrations on the germination and development of lentil seeds. The research was conducted in the Field Crops Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Dicle, Faculty of Agriculture, Türkiye. In the research, control, two salt (NaCl), four salicylic acid (SA) doses and their combinations were used on Lens culinaris variety called İlke. Germination percentage, energy, rate index, mean germination time, peak value, and vigor index were calculated. The results demonstrated that SA had a significant impact on improving lentil germination under salt stress conditions. Specifically, lower concentrations of NaCl combined with SA showed positive effects on germination and growth parameters compared to higher NaCl concentrations. The highest germination percentage, energy, and rate index values were in the control and 0.25 SA dose treatment. Salicylic acid doses under 50 NaCl concentration exhibited higher germination percentage, energy, and rate index values than under 100 NaCl. Increasing SA and salt doses negatively affected lentil seed germination. This finding is significant for lentil cultivation in salt-affected areas, offering a potential strategy to improve crop resilience and yield in challenging environmental conditions.

Preservation of Postharvest Quality of Fresh-Cut Cauliflower through Exogenous Putrescine, Citric Acid and Salicylic Acid Treatments

Cauliflower is among the perishable vegetables after harvest. In recent years, the popularity of fresh-cut cauliflower has increased among consumers as a minimally processed product. This study was carried out to determine the effects of exogenous putrescine (PUT), citric acid (CA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments on postharvest quality of fresh-cut cauliflower stored at 4±0.5 °C and 90±5% relative humidity for 21 days. In the study, a total of seven different treatments using two different doses (0.5 and 1.0 mM) of PUT, CA and SA were investigated. To evaluate the quality of fresh-cut cauliflower, the necessary measurements and analyzes were performed at periodic intervals on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of storage. The results demonstrated that quality properties changed significantly depending on the postharvest treatments and storage durations. With the increase of storage duration, weight loss and ash content increased, while K, Zn and Cu contents decreased. In general, the treatments examined in the study had positive effects on postharvest quality of cauliflower. Among the treatments, especially 1.0 mM PUT was found to be more effective. Compared to the control, 1.0 mM PUT treatment decreased weight loss by 61.32%, though it increased protein content by 14.48% and P content by 21.55%. It was concluded that 1.0 mM PUT treatment can be recommended as an alternative application method to extend the storage life of fresh-cut cauliflower and reduce postharvest quality losses.

Salicylic acid and antitranspirant polymer mitigate the effects of water stress on the growth and yield of cowpea

Water stress can limit the growth and production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), necessitating the use of strategies that induce plant tolerance to mitigate its effects on the crop. This includes the application of salicylic acid (SA) and antitranspirant polymer (AP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of SA and AP applications on the growth and production of cowpeas subjected to water stress. The experiment was conducted in field conditions at Sítio Boqueirão, Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, comprising 10 treatments with four replications. The evaluated treatments included nine combinations generated according to the Central Composite Design experimental matrix, involving five doses of SA and five doses of AP applied to plants under water stress, along with an additional treatment (without water stress and application of SA and AP). The assessed variables included morphological parameters and yield. The data were subjected to canonical correspondence analysis and confidence ellipses. The application of SA and AP increased growth (summer and spring) and productivity (summer). However, in spring, there was a decrease in productivity and an increase in the number of days until the initiation of pod harvesting in cowpeas under water stress.

Seed osmopriming with salicylic acid on induction of tolerance of Cenostigma pyramidale to water deficit

Cenostigma pyramidale is an endemic species of Brazil, widely spread in the Caatinga biome. The conditions in the semi-arid Northeastern region of Brazil can affect the development of plants due to the irregularity of rainfall, limiting the availability of water and reducing the germination and initial growth of native species. Therefore, seed priming with salicylic acid may mitigate the effects of water stress on plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of seed osmopriming with salicylic acid as a water deficit attenuator on germination and initial growth of C. pyramidale seedlings. A completely randomized design in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to five osmotic potentials (Ψs – 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa) and five doses of salicylic acid (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM), with four repetitions of 25 seeds, was used. Germination and initial growth of C. pyramidale were compromised by water deficit. Osmopriming of seeds with salicylic acid at a dose of 0.63 mM is an efficient strategy to reduce the effect of water deficit in the germination stage from the potential of -0.2 MPa. The vigor of C. pyramidale seeds increased under deficit conditions with the application of salicylic acid, with the concentration varying from 0.5 to 1.0 mM. Osmopriming seeds with 0.87 mM salicylic acid promotes the development of vigorous seedlings under water deficit conditions.

Reflection of the synergistic/antagonistic effects of melatonin and salicylic acid on the biochemical profile of Allium cepa L. under drought stress

Melatonin (MEL) and salicylic acid (SA), synthesised from the same precursor molecule chorismic acid, are known as molecules that support plants to develop tolerance against stress factors. In this study, antagonistic/synergistic effects of MEL and SA were determined on the basis of germination, plant growth and biochemical changes using onion with relatively small genome under drought stress. Germination and development of bulbs exposed to drought at -0.60 MPa were suppressed. Only MEL treatments (100, 200, 300 mM) had a promoting effect, while interestingly SA (10, 20, 30 mM) and MEL/SA combinations suppressed germination and vegetative growth. Even root formation was completely inhibited in the presence of SA. 200 mM MEL increased the germination rate up to 88 % under drought conditions. In addition, the number of leaves, which is an important yield parameter for onion, increased to 9.3 in 200 mM MEL, even exceeding the control treatment. Proteinogenic amino acids, water soluble vitamins and mineral content increased as a result of MEL applications. On the other hand, there was no increase in organic acid content as expected in onion, which is an alkaline sensitive species. SA and SA/MEL suppressed the growth by causing protein degradation. It was determined that SA doses used in the study had antagonistic effect with MEL under drought stress and reversed the ameliorative effect of MEL under drought conditions. For this reason, it is recommended that MEL/SA combinations should be used more carefully depending on plant species and dose.

Exogenous application of salicylic acid induces salinity tolerance in eggplant seedlings.

Under salt stress conditions, plant growth is reduced due to osmotic, nutritional and oxidative imbalance. However, salicylic acid acts in the mitigation of this abiotic stress by promoting an increase in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of osmoregulators and antioxidant enzymes. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid doses on the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the treatments were distributed in randomized blocks using a central composite matrix Box with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (CEw) (0.50; 1.08; 2.50; 3.92 and 4.50 dS m-1), associated with five doses of salicylic acid (SA) (0.00; 0.22; 0.75; 1.28 and 1.50 mM), with four repetitions and each plot composed of three plants. At 40 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, and total dry mass were determined. ECw and SA application influenced the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings. Increasing the ECw reduced growth in the absence of SA. Membrane damage with the use of SA remained stable up to 3.9 dS m-1 of ECw. The relative water content independent of the CEw increased with 1.0 mM of SA. The use of SA at the concentration of 1.0 mM mitigated the deleterious effect of salinity on seedling growth up to 2.50 dS m-1 of ECw.

Effect of Different Salicylic Acid Doses on Kober 5 BB Grapevine Rootstock in Vitro Drought Stress Conditions

Effect of Different Salicylic Acid Doses on Kober 5 BB Grapevine Rootstock in Vitro Drought Stress Conditions

Erratum to: Optimization of Salicylic Acid Dose to Improve Lettuce Growth, Physiology and Yield Under Salt Stress Conditions

Erratum to: Optimization of Salicylic Acid Dose to Improve Lettuce Growth, Physiology and Yield Under Salt Stress Conditions

Preharvest salicylic acid application improves the amino acid content and volatile profile in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay during development

Nitrogen is an important component that affects grapevine growth and the formation of flavor-associated volatile chemicals in grape berries. Dynamic changes in amino acids and aroma compounds in Chardonnay grape berry preharvest treated with different doses of salicylic acid (SA) at onset and one week later of veraison stage were evaluated. Exogenous 1- or 3-mM SA application significantly increased the content of total soluble solid and titratable acid in grapes, while 5 mM SA tended to decrease their levels. Compared with the control, the concentration of yeast assimilable nitrogen were 9.3% and 14.6% higher in 3 mM SA-treated grapes in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Preharvest 3 mM SA treatment efficiently enhanced the accumulation of nine amino acids, including tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, lysine, asparagine, valine, isoleucine and histidine, as well as the concentration of total amino acid with and without proline in the two grape vintages. Higher concentrations of primary phenylalanine-derivatives and terpenoids and lower levels of C6 compounds in grapes treated with 3 mM SA were observed during the 2021–2022 season. Overall, SA improved the quality of wine grape in a dose dependent manner, while the response of berries to SA treatment also showed effects of the vintage.

Optimization of Salicylic Acid Dose to Improve Lettuce Growth, Physiology and Yield Under Salt Stress Conditions

Optimization of Salicylic Acid Dose to Improve Lettuce Growth, Physiology and Yield Under Salt Stress Conditions

Enhancing Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Tolerance to Salinity through Plant Growth Regulators

During the period of 2020-21, a research study was carried out at the Plant Protective Culture Unit within the semi-controlled environmental settings of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. The aim of the study was to mitigate the negative impacts of salinity stress on chickpea by applying various concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Plants were subjected to four different levels of salinity stress, including a control group, mild stress, moderate stress, and severe stress. This was achieved by irrigating them with four varying concentrations of saline water (5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dSm-1) starting from the 14th day after sowing (DAS) and continuing until maturity at 100 DAS. On the other hand, the control plants received regular irrigation with tap water. Two concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) specifically 200 ppm and 400 ppm, along with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 10 ppm and 20 ppm, were administered as a foliar spray once a week, commencing at 20 days after sowing (DAS) and continuing until the flowering stage. Data related to chlorophyll levels in the leaves and water-related traits, including relative water content (RWC) and water retention capacity (WRC) were collected seven days after the foliar spray of these plant growth regulators at the flowering stage. Additionally, measurements of total dry weight, yield, and various yield-contributing factors were taken at the point of maturity. The results indicated that chickpea suffered adverse consequences due to salinity stress which included a reduction in chlorophyll content, a decrease in relative water content, a decline in water retention capacity, a decrease in total dry weight and a lower overall yield. However, the foliar application of different doses of salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) under varying levels of salinity stress had beneficial effects in alleviating the impact of salinity stress. Interestingly, it was observed that lower concentrations of SA at 200 ppm and GA3 at 10 ppm were more effective in mitigating the adverse effects of salinity stress and improving salinity tolerance in chickpea, especially under mild salinity stress conditions (5 dSm-1) as evidenced by the positive influence on the parameters mentioned above.

The Effects of Foliar Salicylic Acid and Zinc Treatments on Proline, Carotenoid, and Chlorophyll Content and Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Activity in Galanthus elwesii Hook

Galanthus elwesii Hook. is an important plant species of the Amaryllidaceae family and is used for the medicinal purposes of its valuable bioactive compounds. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar salicylic acid (SA) and zinc (Zn) treatments on the proline, carotenoid, and chlorophyll content and the anti-oxidant enzyme activity in G. elwesii. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activity, catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, and protein contents were determined with ascorbate oxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and Bradford experiments, respectively. The plants were treated with three different concentrations of SA (0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and Zn (40, 80, and 120 mM) and were compared with the control. Fresh leaves were harvested in the study. APX (3.99 ± 0.58 EU/mg protein) and CAT (154.64 ± 4.10 EU/mg protein) were obtained from Zn 80 and 120 mM treatments at the highest level, respectively. The proline, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content increased 12.4, 1.54, and 3.95-fold, respectively, in 0.5 mM SA treatments, when matched with the control group. It was found that increasing doses of SA and Zn increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), but this was not at a significant level. The total chlorophyll content increased 2.27-fold in Zn 120 mM + SA 2 mM treatment and the chlorophyll content increased 2.41-fold in Zn 40 mM + SA 1 mM treatment.

Influence of SA, GA3 and Pinching on Growth and Flowering in Verbena

A field experiment was conducted to find out effect of salicylic acid (SA), GA3, pinching and their interaction on the growth and flowering attributes of verbena × hybrida. Three concentration each of GA3 (100,150 and 200 ppm) and SA (100, 150 and 200 ppm) was foliar sprayed at 21 days after transplanting to run-off stage and pinching was done at 40 days with three replications set in Randomized Block Design. Pinching treatment recorded significantly maximum no. of primary branches/plant, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of leaves, fresh leaf biomass, leaf area, flower longevity, fresh weight of flower, no. of spikes/plant and peduncle length. However, no. pinching treatment recorded maximum plant height, early bud initiation and early flowering. Spraying of GA3 100 ppm resulted in early bud initiation. GA3 150 ppm recorded fresh weight of leaves, fresh leaf biomass and bud cluster diameter. However, maximum plant height, leaf area, no. of spikes/plant and peduncle length was observed with GA3 at 200 ppm. Among various doses of salicylic acid, SA 100 ppm recorded maximum stem diameter. Early flowering, maximum fresh and dry weight of flower was seen with SA 150 ppm. SA 200 ppm resulted in maximum no. of primary branches/plant and flower diameter. Significant effect of interaction between pinching and plant growth chemicals (GA3 and SA) was observed in most of the growth and flowering attributes.

Plant growth and seed yield in annual chrysanthemum as influenced by growth chemicals and pinching

A field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to know the effect of pinching, gibberelic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) on growth and seed yield characters of annual chrysanthemum. The treatments constituted of two level of pinching i.e. no pinching and pinching and each at three levels i.e. GA3 (100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm) and SA (100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm) along with control (distilled water). Significantly maximum no. of primary branches/plant, stem diameter, fresh weight of leaf, no. of seeds/peduncle, weight of seeds/peduncle and seed yield/plant was recorded with pinching. However, early seed ripening was noted with no pinching treatment. GA3 at 100 ppm exhibited maximum no. of primary branches/plant. Significantly maximum leaf area index was observed with GA3 300 ppm treatment. Among various doses of salicylic acid, SA 100 ppm recorded maximum plant spread, no. of seeds/peduncle, weight of seeds/peduncle seed yield/plant and test weight of seed. Maximum fresh weight of leaf was observed with SA 150 ppm. However, maximum stem diameter was registered with SA 200 ppm. Interaction of pinching with GA3 and SA gave significant effect on all growth and seed parameters except no. of primary branches/plant, stem diameter and fresh weight of leaf.

Farklı Putresin ve Salisilik Asit Uygulamalarının Tuzlu Şartlarda Marulun (Lactuca sativa L.) Çimlenme, Bitki Gelişimi, Kalite Özellikleri ve Besin Elementi İçeriği Üzerine Etkileri

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of putrescine and salicylic acid applications at different doses on germination, plant growth, quality properties and nutrient contents of lettuce under saline conditions.
 Materials and Methods: In the study carried out in climatic chamber conditions, a total of 15 different applications using two different salt levels (100 and 200 mM), two different putrescine doses (0.5 and 1.0 mM) and two different salicylic acid doses (0.5 and 1.0 mM) were investigated. The effects of putrescine and salicylic acid separately and together with salt were examined.
 Results: According to the findings obtained from the research, it was detected that salinity negatively affected the germination, plant growth, quality properties and nutrient contents of lettuce. In general, it was determined that putrescine applications under saline conditions increased germination and plant growth parameters and significantly reduced the negative effects of salt stress. Furthermore, it was found that the 1.0 mM Putrescine+200 mM NaCl application, in which salt and putrescine were used together, increased germination rate by 75.57%, plant height by 42.49%, plant fresh weight by 58.89% and number of marketable leaves by 43.20% compared to the 200 mM NaCl application.
 Conclusion: It was concluded that 0.5 mM Putrescine+100 mM NaCl, 1.0 mM Putrescine+100 mM NaCl and 1.0 mM Putrescine+200 mM NaCl applications were the most effective applications against salt stress in lettuce among the applications examined in the study, and these applications could be recommended as an alternative application method for lettuce cultivation in areas with salinity problems.

Sett priming with salicylic acid improves salinity tolerance of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) during early stages of crop development

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), a globally cultivated carbohydrate producing crop of industrial importance is being challenged by soil salinity due to its glycophytic nature. Water stress coupled with cellular and metabolic alterations resulting from excess sodium (Na+) ion accumulation is irreversibly damaging during early crop developmental stages that often results in complete crop failure. This study therefore aimed to explore the potential of salicylic acid as a sett priming material to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress on sugarcane during germination and early growth stages. Five doses of salicylic acid (0 [hydropriming] [control], 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 1.5 mM and 2 mM) were tested against three levels of salinity (0.5 dS m−1 [control], 4 dS m−1, and 8 dS m−1) within a polyhouse environment. Results revealed 11.2%, 18.5%, 25.4%, and 38.6%, average increase in final germination, germination energy, seedling length and seedling vigor index respectively with a subsequent reduction of 21% mean germination time. Investigations during early seedling growth revealed 21.6%, 17.5%, 27.0%, 39.9%, 10.7%, 11.5%, 17.5%, 47.9%, 35.3% and 20.5% overall increase in plant height, total leaf area, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, leaf greenness, relative water content, membrane stability index, proline content, total antioxidant activity and potassium (K+) ion accumulation respectively with a subsequent reduction of 24.9% Na+ ion accumulation and 35.8% Na+/K+ ratio due to salicylic acid priming. Germination, seedling growth and recovery of physiochemical traits were highly satisfactory in primed setts than non-primed ones even under 8 dS m−1 salinity level. This study should provide useful information for strategizing salinity management approaches for better productivity of sugarcane.

Dose-Dependent Effects of Antioxidants on Root-Knot Nematode Infection in Vegetable Crops and Dosage Standardization for Preventive Measures

Different antioxidant compounds (ACs) were applied to vegetable plants as foliar spray or soil drench before inoculation with root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Different doses of salicylic acid (SA), methyl-salicylate (MetSA), methyl jasmonate (MetJA), and ascorbate (ASC) were tested; doses were chosen according to the size and weights of the plants to be treated. Generally, low doses of ACs increased nematode infection; conversely, when doses were raised, ACs acted as effective resistance inducers and reduced infection, measured as numbers of individuals developed in roots and reproduction rates. The activation of defense often occurred at the expense of plant fitness, although in infected plants, the benefits of treatments on plant growth were caused by relief from the symptoms monitored in untreated plants. Single pre-treatments of SA, MetSA, and ASC, in the proper amounts, almost halved infection variables; repeated applications of SA during nematode pathogenesis annulled the effectiveness of single pre-treatments. MetJA application was generally toxic to plants, and, also when provided in minimal amounts, this compound was always ineffective against nematodes. Other phenols and phenolic acids were tested at the same doses that were effective for SA with no reduction of infection except for duroquinone, which caused almost total suppression of infection, although associated with a decrease in root growth.

Effect of genotypes and foliar spray of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on andrographolide yield in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. under semi-arid climate

BackgroundAndrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. is an important medicinal plant grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions where semi-arid condition restricts economically viable cultivation. Foliar exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and salicylic acid (SA) was tested for their effectiveness in preventing yield loss in five different morphotypes of A. paniculata subjected to deficit soil moisture stress imposed during 90–140 days after transplanting.ResultsSoil moisture content below 6% reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid content and upregulated antioxidant enzymes activity. The dry herbage yield was adversely affected by deficit soil moisture stress causing a 14% decline. The andrographolide concentration ranged between 1.40% and 1.54%. Though andrographolide concentration increased by 6%, andrographolide yield declined by 8.21% due to soil moisture stress. Moderately high doses of MeJ and SA reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid content and upregulated antioxidant enzymes activity, however, failed to prevent the loss in dry herbage yield or total andrographolide yield in any morphotype.ConclusionsFoliar application of MeJ and SA do not warrant any protection against stress induced yield loss in field grown A. paniculata. However, morphotype AP 13 (round canopy, open-type branch, long narrow leaf) and AP 35 (columnar canopy, closed-type branch, long broad leaf) for having comparatively high herbage yield remained at a better position for total andrographolide yield under deficit soil moisture stress in the semi-arid climate.