Salicaceae Research Articles

¿La combinación de clones posee alguna ventaja sobre los sistemas monoclonales?

Las plantaciones forestales han sido tradicionalmente desarrolladas a partir de material de propagación de origen seminal. Sin embargo, las principales especies plantadas en el mundo se pueden propagar vegetativamente, por lo que las posibilidades para el desarrollo de la silvicultura clonal son crecientes. El cultivo de Salicáceas se realiza con estacas o guías, por lo que las plantaciones son 100% producidas bajo un esquema de silvicultura clonal. Además, en el Delta del Río Paraná los rodales se instalan como bloques monoclonales y el clon Populus deltoides ‘Australiano 129/60’ es el más difundido, definiendo una matriz productiva con una estrecha diversidad genética. Esto determina que el sistema sea menos estable y trae aparejado un riesgo productivo ante la aparición de condiciones de estrés biótico o abiótico. En consecuencia, el modelo de silvicultura monoclonal presenta algunas desventajas no solo desde el punto de vista ecológico, sino también productivo. A partir de la posibilidad que brindan las especies forestales, que presentan una gran variabilidad tanto intra como interespecífica, es posible pensar en combinación de clones para aumentar la diversidad genética de las plantaciones. Las plantaciones clonales mixtas pueden favorecer a la disminución de los impactos de las actividades productivas en el ambiente, distribuir espacialmente la demanda de nutrientes del suelo, aumentar la diversidad genética y mejorar los índices de rendimiento del rodal. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar los antecedentes de silvicultura clonal y plantaciones mixtas como base para la propuesta de alternativas silviculturales para las Salicáceas del Delta del Paraná.

Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Different Lysis Buffers for Measuring the Ploidy Level of Salicaceae Species

Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Different Lysis Buffers for Measuring the Ploidy Level of Salicaceae Species

Aclaración sobre una cita errónea de Ilex pseudothea (Aquifoliaceae) para Entre Ríos, Argentina

Se confirma la exclusión de Ilex pseudothea Reissek de la flora argentina, tras el examen de los ejemplares coleccionados por Lorentz en la provincia de Entre Ríos. En consecuencia, esos materiales se determinan como Xylosma venosa N. E. Br. (Salicaceae), rechazando asimismo la posibilidad sugerida de que dichos especímenes pudieran pertenecer a Schinus (Anacardiaceae).

Host selection, oviposition behaviour and leaf traits in a specialist willow sawfly on species of Salix (Salicaceae)

Plant genotype influences plant–herbivore interactions by affecting insect attraction, acceptance and development. Here we linked oviposition behaviour of the specialist willow sawfly Nematus oligospilus Förster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) with leaf traits on different Salix L. (Salicaceae) genotypes. This was done as a first step to find oviposition cues that guide females to their host plants. By means of choice and no‐choice bioassays we analysed host selection according to willow genotype and leaf surface. We also studied larval performance, adult fecundity and effect of experience on host selection. Nematus oligospilus prefers to oviposit on S. nigra. The least preferred genotype, S. viminalis, showed better larval performance and highest adult fecundity. Host preference was not modified by larval feeding experience. By means of light and scanning electron microscopy we described ovipositor and leaf micromorphology. The egg is laid inside the epidermis or between the epidermis and adjacent chlorenchyma, showing a tight association with the leaf. Leaf toughness was lowest for S. nigra and higher for S. viminalis and S. babylonica. Total nitrogen and protein content were higher on S. viminalis and S. babylonica. Total phenolics and phenolic glycosides were the highest and more diverse on S. nigra. Salicin content levels correlate with oviposition preference, suggesting the role of salicylates as oviposition stimulants. Results suggest that oviposition preference on S. nigra may be related to lower leaf toughness and ease of injection of female saw‐like ovipositor, and motivated by the presence of phenolic glycosides. Nitrogen levels may explain better larval performance and adult fecundity in S. viminalis. Thus, a balance among the different leaf traits determines the outcomes observed in this study.

Morphometric investigation of grapevine and willow root feeding aphid, Pemphigus saliciradicis (Börner, 1950) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae)

Pemphigus saliciradicis (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae) lives on roots of Salix spp. (Salicaceae) and Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) in Holarctic region. Morphometric data for eight morphological characters, measured from 10 field collected samples (50 specimens) were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Morphometric analyses provided a clear separation of the aphids originating from willow and those collected on grapevine. This indicates that within the Pemphigus saliciradicis species there are two host races or subspecies. Differentiated diagnosis between grapevine root feeding P. saliciradicis and Australian Pemphigus sp. sampled on grapevine roots was provided. An identification key to the apterous females of aphid species feeding on roots of grapevine (Vitis spp.) was given. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Chemical composition and effect of an essential oil of Salix aegyptiaca L., Salicaceae, (musk willow) in hypercholesterolemic rabbit model

The essential oils (EO) of Salix aegyptiaca L., Salicaceae (SA), leaves were extracted using the hydrodistillation method and their chemical composition was further determined by GC-MS. 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene was the main isolated compound. Other major isolated constitutes were phenylethyl alcohol, carvone, citronellol, methyleugenol, eugenol, n-tetradecane and 4'-methoxyacetophenone. Twenty rabbits were equally divided into four groups: Normal control (NC) which fed a standard diet and three cholesterol-fed groups: HC, HC+1.0% SA and HC+3.0% SA groups which received 0.0%, 1.0% and 3.0% EO, respectively for four weeks. The serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles and atherogenic index (AI) were measured weekly. The high cholesterol diet significantly raised the TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, TG and AI level compared with NC group. HC+1.0% SA and HC+3.0% SA groups showed similar results compared with HC group. It can be concluded that the EO of SA leaves could not prevent dyslipidemia that occurred in rabbits following inclusion of cholesterol in diet in both dose-and time-dependent manners.

(1908) Proposal to conserve Xylosma nom. cons. (Salicaceae ) against an additional name, Apactis

TAXONVolume 58, Issue 3 p. 1014-1014 Proposals to Conserve or Reject NamesFree Access (1908) Proposal to conserve Xylosma nom. cons. (Salicaceae) against an additional name, Apactis Sue Zmarzty, Corresponding Author Sue Zmarzty s.zmarzty@kew.org Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE U.K.Search for more papers by this author Sue Zmarzty, Corresponding Author Sue Zmarzty s.zmarzty@kew.org Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE U.K.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.583042AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume58, Issue3August 2009Pages 1014-1014 RelatedInformation