Sale Of Products Research Articles

Farm characteristics determine why a large share of organically produced wine is not labelled as organic

Abstract Organic agricultural production is increasing globally and is of high policy relevance, particularly in Europe. Various measures incentivize farmers to adopt organic practices, such as direct payments and labelling. We here address a rarely considered aspect of organic production, that not all organic producers in Europe opt for organic labelling for their products at the point of sale. We investigate the discrepancy between organic production and labelling in Swiss viticulture. Out of 115 grapevine growers who adhere to organic principles in production, 43.5% do not use organic labelling when marketing their wines. We find that especially farms using alternative labelling strategies (e.g. for fungus-resistant varieties), smaller farms and farms less specialized in viticulture to be more likely to forgo organic labelling. We draw conclusions for policy and science. For example, our findings show that there may be, for some crops, more organic products on shelves than indicated from sales statistics of organically labelled products. The use of statistics that indicate the share of sales of organic products for specific products and food sales at large may thus be misleading.

Legal and scientific deficiencies of drug advertisements on German television.

Drug advertising primarily serves to publicize the product and increase sales. The legal requirements in the Therapeutic Products Advertising Act (Heilmittelwerbegesetz, HWG) in Germanyare intended to protect consumers. However, a lack of information about the potentialnegative aspects of drugs represents a risk for viewers. In this study, we analyzed a total of 52 advertising clips for drugs, food supplements, and medical products on public and private German television. These short films in the commercial breaks between the TV programs serve to publicize and advertise products. Furthermore, the corresponding package inserts for the drugs and the content and structure of the advertising clips were analyzed. The clips were compared with each other as well as about the mandatory information according to §4 of the HWG and §11 of the Medicinal Products Act (Arzneimittelgesetz, AMG). The study revealed that a large proportion of the mandatory information was not included in the advertising clips analyzed. Not all legal requirements were met in the package inserts either. Alarmingly, the advertising clips consistently contained only one of the mandatory information pieces, namely, the name of the product. Adverse effects were not mentioned in any advertising clip, and the effects of drugs were only poorly explained, if at all. Overall, scientific content of the advertisements was minimal if at all present. Instead, the airtime was dominated by emotional and attention-grabbing content in the form of a frame story, whereas the potential to educate people about medicines and raise public awareness remains mostly unused. Thus, drug advertisements on German television exhibit substantial scientific and legal deficiencies. In addition, we noted several legal gray zones in advertisements. The deficiencies in drug advertisement quality on television are, unfortunately, in line with quality deficiencies on drug advertisements in various other platforms (see., e.g., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37792047/ ; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38430230/ ). Thus, the lack of rigorous implementation of the HWG is a general problem in Germany. We make specific suggestions on what actions should be taken to improve the implementation of the HWG in television advertisements to improve drug safety and consumer safety.

An Examination of Moderna

Understanding the COVID-19 response for Moderna, a biotechnology company based out of the United States, and compiling the current outlooks regarding vaccinations, development of a diversified product line, and garnering a competitive edge in the biotechnology space is a costly endeavor Moderna is attempting to transverse. Declining revenues, rising costs, and low sales of Moderna's current product have deteriorated the value base. The recent increase in share price is motivated by anticipation of a potential avian flu outbreak and response. This study attempts to shed light on the current financial condition of Moderna.

Optimization of PT Zhisheng Pacific Trading’s Digital Marketing Communication Strategy through Instagram Platform

This research aims to explore the optimization of digital marketing communication strategies at PT Zhisheng Pacific Trading (MIXUE INDONESIA) through the Instagram platform in facing the era of the 4.0 and 5.0 industrial revolutions. The background of this study is based on the need for SMEs to adapt to changing consumer behaviors that increasingly rely on social media as a means of information and transactions. The research method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, involving interviews with managers and employees of Mixue to gain an in-depth understanding of their digital marketing practices. The results indicate that effective use of Instagram significantly enhances brand visibility, consumer engagement, and product sales. Creative and interactive content, along with features such as Instagram Stories and paid advertisements, have proven capable of attracting the target audience's attention. The conclusion emphasizes that an integrated marketing communication strategy focused on sustained interaction with consumers through social media is crucial for business success in the digital era. This research provides guidance for SMEs to leverage social media's potential to enhance their competitiveness.

Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among California Adolescents Before and Immediately After a Statewide Flavor Ban.

In December 2022, a California law banned the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products (including e-cigarettes). This investigation evaluates adolescents' use of flavored tobacco before and after enactment. The Teens Nicotine and Tobacco Project included online surveys of California adolescents (age 12-17) in 2022 (N=5127) and 2023 (N=5015) that assessed past 30-day use of various tobacco products, flavored product use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes. Eight focus groups conducted in 2023 and 2024 (total N=35) queried flavored tobacco experiences and perceptions. Among participants who used specific products, the prevalence of flavored product use declined for cigarettes (2022: 72.0%; 2023: 57.2%), cigars (2022: 87.2%; 2023: 67.4%), and smokeless tobacco (2022: 93.1%; 2023: 83.1%) but not for e-cigarettes (2022: 91.0%; 2023: 90.7%) or hookah (2022: 88.1%; 2023: 85.6%; the flavor law exempted some hookah sales). In 2023, 10.2% of all participants used any flavored tobacco product (2022: 10.0%), primarily flavored e-cigarettes (2022: 8.6%; 2023: 8.8%). In 2023, 22.0% of all participants were aware of the statewide flavor ban, including 44.1% of participants who reported tobacco use. Few focus group participants were aware of the statewide law or perceived difficulties accessing flavored e-cigarettes. Shortly following a statewide flavor ban, adolescent use of flavored cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco declined, but flavored e-cigarette use was unchanged. More time for implementation and enforcement may be needed to see full policy impact. These finds suggest that a statewide flavored tobacco policy in California was followed shortly by declines in adolescent use of some flavored tobacco products. Additional time for implementation and enforcement, along with potential further actions, such as greater restrictions on online sales, could be necessary to curb youth access to flavored e-cigarettes.

Physicochemical Characterization of Gasoline and Analysis of the Vulnerability and Criticality of Atmospheric Pollutants in N'Djamena

In this work we made an analysis for the physicochemical characterization of gasoline sold on the roadsides of the city of N'Djamena. For our first experience on the storage of gasoline in cans exposed to the sun, we noticed the formation of lumps and solid particles at the bottom of the cans. We then sampled a sample by district and subjected it to the analysis conditions. The analyses focused on Density at 15°C; ASTM distillation; Reid vapor pressure, Octane number; Determination of corrosion of copper blades as well as Determination of sulfur content. The results of the analyzed contraband gasolines are out of specifications under normal analysis conditions. Despite the many studies carried out on air pollution by particles, uncertainties remain. It is more or less complex to treat particulate pollution in urban areas, this is in fact due to the modifications resulting from different meteorological factors (wind, precipitation, etc.), topographical (slope, etc.) and urban morphological, which constitute limiting factors in the dispersion of these pollutants, thus, different maps have been studied according to the vulnerability and criticality of the accentuated situation relating to pollution throughout the city of N'Djamena. The results confirm the presence of particles that can affect human health. In addition to the presence of all the elements that we have been able to discover, there is on average the result of the presence of PM10 particles which is: 66.98016239 ug/m<sup>3</sup> well above the WHO guideline which recommends 50 μg/m<sup>3</sup>/day as well as the daily average for PM2.5 which is: 56.83616723 ug/m<sup>3</sup> well above the WHO guideline which recommends 25 μg/m<sup>3</sup>/day. The objective of this article is to clearly present the urgency of air pollution throughout the territory in order to take a binding decision on the current situation based on the proliferation and illicit sale of petroleum products in the city of N'Djamena, particularly gasoline.

PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN MINYAK JELANTAH PADA BUMDES PULOTONDO, KEC. NGUNUT – KAB. TULUNGAGUNG

The village of Pulotondo, in the Ngunut subdistrict of Tulungagung Regency, has significant potential for freshwater fish farming and horticultural plant cultivation. However, this potential remains underutilized because the marketing area is still limited to the local scope. The local BUMDes (Village-Owned Enterprises) has not seized this opportunity and is only focusing on a micro-scale LPG retail business for the surrounding community. The event can provide BUMDes Pulotondo for utilizing waste processing, specifically converting used cooking oil into scented candles. This could reduce used cooking oil waste and allow the candles to be sold, thereby boosting BUMDes's economic potential. The service method includes material presentation, discussions, and practical exercises. Making candles from used cooking oil proceeded smoothly and was well-received by 12 participants, and they can produce candles for product sale.

Multifactor Quality and Safety Analysis of Semaglutide Products Sold by Online Sellers Without a Prescription: Market Surveillance, Content Analysis, and Product Purchase Evaluation Study.

Over the past 4 decades, obesity has escalated into a global epidemic, with its worldwide prevalence nearly tripling. Pharmacological treatments have evolved with the recent development of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, such as semaglutide. However, off-label use of drugs such as Ozempic for cosmetic weight loss has surged in popularity, raising concerns about potential misuse and the emergence of substandard and falsified products in the unregulated supply chain. This study aims to conduct a multifactor investigation of product quality and patient safety risks associated with the unregulated online sale of semaglutide by examining product availability and vendor characteristics and assessing product quality through test purchases. We used a complex risk and quality assessment methodology combining online market surveillance, search engine results page analysis, website content assessment, domain traffic analytics, conducting targeted product test purchases, visual quality inspection of product packaging, microbiological sterility and endotoxin contamination evaluation, and quantitative sample analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We collected and evaluated 1080 links from search engine results pages and identified 317 (29.35%) links belonging to online pharmacies, of which 183 (57.7%) led to legal pharmacies and 134 (42.3%) directed users to 59 unique illegal online pharmacy websites.Web traffic data for the period between July and September 2023 revealed that the top 30 domains directly or indirectly affiliated with illegal online pharmacies accumulated over 4.7 million visits.Test purchases were completed from6 illegal online pharmacies with the highest number of links offering semaglutide products for sale without prescription at the lowest price range. Three injection vial purchases were delivered; none of the 3 Ozempic prefilled injection pens were received due to nondelivery e-commerce scams.All purchased vials were considered probable substandard and falsified products, as visual inspection indicated noncompliance in more than half (59%-63%) of the evaluated criteria. The semaglutide content of samples substantially exceeded labeled amounts by 28.56%-38.69%, although no peptide-like impurities were identified. The lyophilized peptide samples were devoid of viable microorganisms at the time of testing; however, endotoxin was detected in all samples with levels ranging between 2.1645 EU/mg and 8.9511 EU/mg. Furthermore, the measured semaglutide purity was significantly low, ranging between 7.7% and 14.37% and deviating from the 99% claimed on product labels by manufacturers. Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist drugs promoted for weight loss, similar to erectile dysfunction medications more than 2 decades ago, are becoming the new blockbuster lifestyle medications for the illegal online pharmacy market. Protecting the pharmaceutical supply chain from substandard and falsified weight loss products and raising awareness regarding online medication safety must be a public health priority for regulators and technology platforms alike.

A Utilization of Marketing Strategies Through to Increase Sales of Umkm Member Products of The Wijaya Cfd Association In Sampang Regency

UMKM Actors, the use of digital marketing is the most appropriate solution to survive amidst technological developments. Utilization in conducting marketing or online transactions, the approach in this digital era is all technology-based services. One of the emerging technologies is the increasing activity through social networks. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method design, where the results are obtained to obtain information data. The research plan carried out by the researcher aims to find out what promotions are used by the CFD association in Sampang Regency. How social media can increase sales of MSMEs in the CFD Association. The results of the study are: (a) the results of the correlation coefficient test on the Entrepreneurial Characteristics variable (X1) against Business Success (Y) of 0.646; (b) the results of the correlation coefficient test on the Entrepreneurial Competence variable (X2) against Business Success (Y) of 0.734; and (c) Based on the results of data processing in the study, it can be seen that the Adjusted R Square determination coefficient value is 0.627, meaning 62.7% of the success of MSMEs in the CFD Association of Wijaya Regency. Lacquer

Marketing communication and enterprise performance: A focus on the use of new media advertising in sales of products

This study examined the effect of new media advertising on performance of small and medium enterprises: A focus on selected manufacturing firms in Delta State, Nigeria. The study's specific objectives were to investigate how social network advertisements affect the performance of small and medium enterprises, to determine the effect of web-based advertisements on the performance of small and medium enterprises, and to determine how the placement of advertisements on customers' online forums affects the performance of small and medium enterprises. The study used a survey research design. The survey included 250 participants from chosen telecommunications businesses in Asaba, Delta State. The sample size is one hundred fifty-four (154) utilising Taro Yamani. Respondents were chosen from each of the designated Asaba telecommunications enterprises using a stratified sample approach. The study found that social network ads, web-based advertisements, ad placement, and social media communication all had an impact on brand performance. The study finds that clients should be continually astonished rather than bored when it comes to social media material, thus they must believe that the effort is ongoing and that something is occurring at all times. The report suggests that businesses assess their social media marketing KPIs. For example, if they want to measure awareness, they could track growth, likes, subscribers, and brand awareness. Engagement, influence, and recommendations are important factors to consider when assessing loyalty. Engaging clients online to request recommendations would also provide the organisation with insights into co-innovation. Keywords: New Media, Advertising, Social Network Advertisements, Web-Based Advertisements, Small And Medium Enterprises.

Profitability of Swedish Red and White × Holstein crossbred cows compared with purebred Holstein cows

An economic analysis was performed using a bioeconomic simulation model based on production, reproduction and longevity indicators to compare the profitability (net income per cow) of Swedish Red and White × Holstein (S × H) cows and pure Holstein (H) cows in commercial dairy farms of the center-south of Córdoba province, Argentina. The reproductive events analyzed in the model were pregnancy, calving and abortion. The longevity events were culling, sale and death. The lactation curve for each cow was modeled with a lactation function. Estimations were made for the first, second, and third and later lactations. Incomes were from milk, culled cows and calves. Costs were from feeding, reproductive program and replacement heifers. The reproductive cost of a H cow per year was greater than that of a S × H crossbred cow (USD 6.3). The replacement costs were also higher in pure H cows than in S × H cows (USD 67.8). The revenues from the sale of calves (USD 12.1) and milk production minus the feed cost (USD 8.2) were greater for S × H cows than H cows. Hence, the S × H cows generated a greater total profit (USD 94.4) per cow per year than H cows. The present results show that, in the studied production systems, S × H crossbred cows are more profitable than H cows.

Pivoting B2B Platform Business Models: From Platform Experimentation to Multi-Platform Integration to Ecosystem Envelopment

The landscape of digital servitization in the manufacturing sector is evolving, marked by a strategic shift from traditional product-centric to platform business models (BMs). Manufacturing firms often employ a blend of approaches to develop business-to-business (B2B) platforms, leading to significant reconfigurations in their BMs. However, manufacturing firms frequently encounter failures in their B2B platform development initiatives, leading them to abandon the initial efforts and/or pivot to alternative platform strategies. Therefore, this study, through an in-depth case study of a leading wind turbine manufacturer, articulates a three-phase pivoting framework for B2B platform BMs with corresponding platform development and strategic orientation. Initially, a manufacturer focused on asset-based product sales, supplemented by asset maintenance services, follows an emergent platformization strategy, characterized by the rise of multiple, independent B2B platforms catering to diverse functions. Next, focusing on the imposed customer journey strategy, the firm shifts towards an imposed and strategic multi-platform integration into an all-encompassing platform supported by artificial intelligence (AI), signaling a maturation of the platform BM to combine the wide range services into an energy-performance-based contract. Finally, the last step of the firm’s platform BM evolution consists of a deliberate open platform strategy to external stakeholders and enveloping its offerings in a broader platform ecosystem. The study showcases advanced AI applications that process wind farm, wind turbine, and blade data, signifying a transformative leap toward value capture via platform ecosystem. The paper advances B2B platform BMs and digital servitization literature, highlighting a progressive approach's efficacy and strategic pivoting.

Sales Forecasting with LSTM, Custom Loss Function, and Hyperparameter Optimization: A Case Study

Forecasting sales trends is a valuable activity for companies of all types and sizes, as it enables more efficient decision making to avoid unnecessary expenses from excess inventory or, conversely, losses due to insufficient inventory to meet demand. In this paper, we designed a personalized cost function to reduce economic losses caused by the excessive acquisition of products or derived from their scarcity when needed. Moreover, we designed an LSTM network integrated with Glorot and Orthogonal initializers and dropout to forecast sales trends in a lumber mill in Tamaulipas, Mexico. To generalize and appropriately forecast the sales of the lumber mill products, we optimized the LSTM network’s hyperparameters through a genetic algorithm, which was essential to explore the solution space. We evaluated our proposal in instances obtained from the historical sales of the five main products sold by the lumber mill. According to the results, we concluded that for our case study the proposed function cost and the hyperparameters optimization allowed the LSTM to forecast the direction and trend of the lumber mill’s product sales despite the variability of the products.

The Beehives of Stingless Bees in Manipur, India and Their Ecological and Economic Impact to Farmers

Stingless bees (Trigona spp.) are important pollinators in tropical and subtropical ecosystems, playing a vital role in maintaining biodiversity and agricultural productivity. In Manipur, traditional bamboo beehives are used to house these bees, reflecting a culturally significant and sustainable approach to beekeeping. This study examines the ecological and economic impacts of stingless bee beekeeping with bamboo hives in Manipur, using data from field surveys, interviews, and honey production analysis. The results show that stingless bees contribute to a 25-30% increase in crop yield through enhanced pollination. Bamboo beekeeping also generates an average household income increase of 20-35% from the sale of honey and other products. The demand of stingless bee honey is becoming high due to its unique medicinal properties. Despite these benefits, challenges such as habitat loss, climate change, and technical limitations persist. The findings suggest that integrating traditional knowledge with modern beekeeping practices could address these challenges and optimize the ecological and economic potential of stingless bee conservation in the region. This paper emphasizes for supportive policies and further research to fully realize the potential of bamboo beekeeping in Manipur.

Is Delta-8-THC use associated with state-level cannabis policies? A content analysis from different jurisdictions in the United States.

The United States has seen a rapid increase in the use of Δ-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), a psychoactive compound similar to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). This study aimed to explore themes in Δ8-THC related tweets from U.S. jurisdictions with varying cannabis regulations from 2020 to 2022. Tweets mentioning Δ8-THC were collected using search terms: D8, Delta-8, and Delta8 THC. The tweets were date-restricted from January 21, 2020, to May 31, 2022, resulting in 139,843 tweets. The final dataset included 61,800 U.S. tweets with complete location data. A subset of 1,000 tweets (n = 250 for each legal jurisdiction) was selected for content analysis. Three main themes related to Δ8-THC emerged across all jurisdictions: 'Sales and Advertising', 'Policy', and 'Personal Use'. In states where cannabis was legal for adult use, sales-themed tweets were most prevalent, promoting product sales and discounts. 'Policy' tweets were more common in medical CBD-only (34.5%) and fully illegal (24.8%) jurisdictions than in those with legalized medical (20.4%) and adult use (20.2%). Tweets about personal use appeared at similar rates in fully illegal (27.7%), medical (25.0%), medical CBD-only (24.5%), and fully legal jurisdictions (22.8%). Reports of adverse effects were frequent in tweets from fully illegal (28.9%), fully legal (27.7%), and medical (27.7%) jurisdictions, with the lowest frequency in medicinal CBD-only (15.6%) jurisdictions. The current study on the public discourse on Twitter indicates that discussions about the use and marketing of Δ8-THC are present in all U.S. jurisdictions, not just those without legal recreational cannabis markets.

The Impact of Online Promotion on Increasing Product Sales of SME

This thesis discusses the influence of online promotion on increasing sales of SME products in Lahomi District, West Nias Regency. This study aims to determine the influence of online promotion on increasing sales of SME products in Lahomi District, West Nias Regency. This study uses a quantitative research method with a data collection technique using a questionnaire. Based on the results of the T-Test where the sign value of the X variable is known 001> 0.05 and the t-value is 6.841 <2.054 so it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and has an effect on the Sales Increase variable (Y). Based on the determination coefficienT-Test, the results obtained are that the Adjuster R-Square value is 0.589, this means that the Promotion Variable (X) is able to explain the increase in sales (Y) of 0.589 with a percentage of 58.9% after being adjusted for the sample and independent variables while the remaining 41.1% is explained by other variables outside this study.

Analysis of Marketing Strategies in Increasing Sales of Pesticide Products

Agriculture is a very important sector in Indonesia, because it has natural resources (SDA) and Human Resources (HR). Based on researchers' observations that have been carried out at UD. Makmur Tani uncovered problems involving many similar, tight competing companies with limited pesticide products and inappropriate marketing strategies. This research aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by UD. Makmur Tani in an effort to increase sales of pesticide products. The main focus of the research is on the three main indicators of marketing strategy, namely segmentation, targeting and positioning. Based on this explanation, the type of research used in this research is qualitative research, which is because it is not in the form of numbers or numbers so it only takes the form of statements or sentences. The research results show that UD. Makmur Tani has implemented a market segmentation strategy based on geography and farmer demographics. In terms of targeting, the company focuses on farmers in certain regions. The positioning strategy implemented is by positioning certain products. Further analysis revealed that implementation of this strategy has contributed to increased sales of pesticide products. However, there are still several obstacles in its implementation, especially related to market competition and changes in consumer preferences.

How Does the Adoption of e‐Commerce Impact the Selling Prices of Agricultural Products? Empirical Evidence From Apple Farmers in China

ABSTRACTThe sale of products through e‐commerce is emerging in rural China, and it cuts out intermediaries and allows farmers direct access to the market. To understand how adopting e‐commerce impacts the selling prices of agricultural products and who benefits more from adopting e‐commerce, we interviewed 480 apple farmers from the three representative provinces in China. The Propensity Score Matching approach combined with sensitivity analysis is employed to address the potential self‐selection bias in estimating the impacts of adopting e‐commerce. We find that adopting of e‐commerce drives significant increases in the selling prices of apple products, including the average price, the maximum price and the minimum price. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that the adoption of e‐commerce has significant heterogeneous effects on selling prices across various ages and education of household heads, land area, distance to the local town centre and social capital. The analysis of potential pathways reveals that increases in selling prices are attributed to farmers achieving more marketing flexibility through more adaptable sale times and extended sale periods due to adopting e‐commerce. The research findings provide rigorous evidence on optimal future policy design regarding the development of rural e‐commerce for poverty alleviation in China and other developing countries.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO PLANO DE NEGÓCIO PARA O MICROEMPREENDEDOR INDIVIDUAL NA ABERTURA DE LOJA DE COSMÉTICOS

Objective: Emphasize the importance of the business plan for Individual Microentrepreneurs when opening a cosmetics store. Methods: This is bibliographical research, where data was collected by searching for articles in the Acervo Mais and Google Scholar databases, applying the filter of works in Portuguese, published in the last 5 years. For analysis of the results and discussion, five complete works were selected. Results: When you prepare a business plan you have a clearer and more organized view of the enterprise, making it easier to study your objectives and measure your results and put your ideas into practice. It was possible to identify that the perfumery and cosmetics sector is a great opportunity for Individual Microentrepreneurs and the business becomes more attractive and profitable with the sale of perfumes, makeup items and hair products. Final Considerations: It is viable to open a cosmetics store, due to the great customer demand and wide variety of products, even with competition, but it is essential to develop a business plan for this venture.

OPTIMIZATION OF MSME PRODUCTS THROUGH USE OF FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS AND INVENTORY CONTROL

Optimizing sales is important in ensuring business continuity. This qualitative study was carried out to find empirical evidence of the effectiveness of financial applications and inventory control in optimizing sales of MSME products assisted by IPEMI, Bandung City, West Java. The use of primary data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 155 MSME managers in the city of Bandung which were carried out randomly using the simple random sampling method. The influence between variables was tested using the SMART PLS 4.0 analysis technique. The findings of this research show that the use of financial applications is very effective in increasing sales volume and has a better effect compared to inventory control. This research also provides important aspects for cafe and restaurant business actors in terms of the need for adequate risk assessments for inventory management, the availability of competent resources in managing financial applications and the need for effective sales procedures so that consumers feel helped in encouraging customers to make product purchase transactions.