Sale Of Fuels Research Articles

PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN QR BARCODE MY PERTAMINA TERHADAP PENJUALAN BBM

The formulation of the problem in this research is How is the My Pertamina QR barcode implemented at SPBU 24.381.01 Kampung Kelawi, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City? How are fuel sales at gas station 24.381.01 Kelawi Village, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City? Is there an influence of the implementation of the My Pertamina QR Barcode on fuel sales at SPBU 24.381.01 Kampung Kelawi, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City? How much influence does the implementation of the My Pertamina QR Barcode have on fuel sales at SPBU 24.381.01 Kampung Kelawi, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City? The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of the My Pertamina QR barcode at SPBU 24.381.01 Kampung Kelawi, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City. To find out fuel sales at gas station 24,381.01 Kampung Kelawi, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City. To determine the magnitude of the influence of the implementation of the My Pertamina QR Barcode on fuel sales at SPBU 24.381.01 Kampung Kelawi, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City. Sampling in this study used a total sampling technique, namely all employees of SPBU 24.381.01 Kampung Kelawi, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City. Data collection methods include observational studies, questionnaires, documentation and literature. Data analysis techniques using simple linear regression, correlation coefficient, hypothesis. The research results showed that the implementation of the My Pertamina QR Barcode at SPBU 24.381.01 Kelawi Village, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City was included in the very good category. Fuel sales at gas station 24.381.01 Kelawi Village, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City are included in the very good category and are already included in the very good category. The implementation of QR Barcodes affects fuel sales at gas station 24.381.01 Kelawi Village, Sungai Serut District, Bengkulu City. The influence of the implementation of QR Barcodes on fuel sales was 88,9%, while the remaining 11,1% was explained by other factors outside the model.

Fuel Sales Forecasting with SARIMA-GARCH and Rolling Window

This research article proposes an innovative strategy to improve long-term forecasting accuracy for gasoline sales in Canada. The SARIMA-GARCH model was used with the rolling window forecasting technique to successfully address varying seasons, changing patterns, and conditional variance on the historical data of gasoline sales in Canada (1993-01-01 to 2015-12-01) with the sample size of 276. The rolling window forecasting technique was used to forecast one-step-ahead value and update the model to fresh observations while minimizing look-back bias and attaining good long-term forecasting accuracy. The findings revealed considerable improvements in forecasting accuracy. The proposed SARIMA-GARCH model with rolling window forecasting produced a RMSE of 151026.28 and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.0340. This outperformed other baseline models, including simple SARIMA model which had a RMSE of 329,689.88 and a MAPE of 0.0786, and the GARCH model which had a RMSE of 316,168.33 and a MAPE of 0.0685. The data shows that the proposed approach is effective for accurate long-term forecasting of gasoline sales in Canada. The study provides significant data for politicians, industry professionals, and energy investors, assisting them in making informed decisions about resource allocation, strategic planning, and risk management.

Consumer protection in cases of problems with fueling at gas stations in Brazil

In the Brazilian context regarding the sale of fuels, an energy matrix of paramount importance and essential for the country's economic movement, the National Agency of Petroleum, Biofuels and Natural Gas regulates quality and safety standards for refining, distribution and retail, thus, the Consumer Defense Code complements quality issues by directing legislation aimed at the use and deployment of these flammable materials in the national territory. This work sought to cover norms and laws that discuss consumer protection and the guarantee of service provision (sale of fuel) with due quality and safety, in order to highlight the necessary procedures for the consumer to claim their rights through the competent bodies and the appropriate means for seeking information. In this way, this work contributes to the development of clear and concise information about the rights that allow the consumer to appeal, when he perceives irregularities and inadequate parameters for the purchased fuel.

Analisis Komponen Pajak Atas Transaksi Penjualan Bahan Bakar Minyak Pada SPBU Shell Tahun 2016 (Studi Kasus PD. Trimitra Utama)

The research is aimed to analyze the extent to which the component of Tax on Oil Fuel Sale Transaction at Shell Gas Station Year 2016. The research method used in this research is qualitative method through in-depth interviews to the informants as many as 3 people with various qualifications and knowledge in their respective fields especially taxation.Based on the analysis show that: the income tax payment obligations have been implemented and reported by PD PT Tri partner.Based on the analysis shows that: The obligation of payment of Income Tax has been paid and reported by PD. PT Tri Mitra Utama.The findings indicate that in the sales, not only fuel sales, but there are other sales such as lubricants and others where the tax is in accordance with the tax regulations, but there are still grey area, that is the existence of margin / operating profit derived from sales of fuel, where the assumption of the taxpayer (PD PT Tri Mitra Utama)that because the tax object has been subject to final tax, but there is no legislation or regulationn on the treatment of the operating profit.

Authentic leadership and sustainable operations: How leader morality and selflessness can foster frontline safety performance

Given the roles of leadership and safety for cleaner, sustainable production, in this paper we advance research on the connections between leader behaviors and occupational safety in frontline operations. We ground our framework on authentic leadership theory and propose that leader morality and selflessness can influence safety outcomes through two pathways: by increasing frontline employees' psychological capital and organizational citizenship. We tested these propositions with data from 307 employees from a large private company that operates in production, distribution, and sales of fuels in Brazil. Results from structural equation modeling indicate that authentic leaders’ morality and selflessness affect the psychological capital of frontline employees, while only the latter affects their citizenship behavior; and both psycap and OCB mediate the effects of authentic leader attributes on frontline safety participation and safety compliance. Our findings clarify the connections between virtuous leadership and frontline safety performance, highlighting areas of managerial development that can impact sustainable operations, particularly in high-risk industries.

Large-scale Application of Klozur® CR for the Treatment of an Aquifer Contaminated with Heavy Hydrocarbons and MTBE in Southern Italy

Klozur® CR is a combined remedy treatment technology consisting of Klozur® SP and PermeOx® Ultra. Klozur CR is a single, all-in-one formulated product that can be readily applied to either source areas or plumes with mixed petroleum and chlorinated solvents contamination. Klozur CR destroys contaminants in soil and groundwater by promoting three modes of action: Klozur activated persulfate chemical oxidation, aerobic bioremediation and anaerobic bioremediation. This technology was successfully applied to a site in southern Italy, contaminated by the storage and sale of fuels. The groundwater was contaminated by heavy chain hydrocarbons (TPH> 2500 μg / l) and MTBE (> 150 μg / l) in proximity to the reservoir park. During the site maintenance activities, the qualitative status of adjacent coastal waters was also verified, which, however, were found to be compliant. Previously the site used a pump and treat system, but it was unable to achieve remedial goals. Klozur CR was injected and within 4 months, the concentrations of the contaminants were found to have reached the remedial goals. In addition, monitoring data also confirmed enhanced ISCO conditions and enhanced aerobic bioremediation were present at the site.

Изменение технологической схемы перевалки светлых нефтепродуктов с целью увеличения грузооборота Базы по хранению и реализации горюче-смазочных материалов, метанола и химикатов ООО “Газпром добыча Уренгой”

Изменение технологической схемы перевалки светлых нефтепродуктов с целью увеличения грузооборота Базы по хранению и реализации горюче-смазочных материалов, метанола и химикатов ООО “Газпром добыча Уренгой”

Air quality in Mexico city during the fuel shortage of January 2019

The closure of pipelines to tackle fuel-theft in central Mexico caused an unexpected fuel shortage that disrupted transport systems in Mexico City in January of 2019. Fuel sales in the Metropolitan Area and CO emissions from reanalysis showed a significant decrease during the fuel shortage of 7% and 6%, respectively. This study analyses the air quality and meteorological conditions during this period to evaluate whether these measures indirectly affected air quality in Mexico City. During the shortage, mean-ambient concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were significantly lower than normal whereas levels of particulate matter (PM) were only modestly lower than usual. Daily-mean NO and CO had record-low anomalies of −10 ppb and −0.5 ppm from typical days, respectively. In contrast, ozone mean-levels were not significantly different than average. The percentage of days with PM mean concentrations above the World Health Organisation guidelines (5 and 19% for particles smaller than 2.5 and 10 μm, respectively) and the percentage of ozone 8-h rolling means above Mexican law (0.5%) were record lows. Meteorological factors, such as wind speed or the mixed-layer height were not significantly different than average. The anomalously low pollution levels were accentuated when each day was compared to days of similar flow patterns. This episode of better than usual air quality showcases how strategies addressing transport emissions could control air quality in Mexico City and highlights that improving ozone mean levels require comprehensive strategies that reduce emissions from all sectors.

Development of Energetic Alternatives to Use of Waste of Annona muricata L.

Two new types of biodiesel were assessed, produced by transesterification of the oil from Annona muricata L. seeds, using basic catalysis with methanol or ethanol, obtaining yields of 91 and 83%, respectively. The values of esters showed that the conversion of the oil into biodiesel was quite high 95.5 and 95.2% for methyl and ethyl biodiesel, respectively, this shows that the transesterification reaction was efficient producing a quality biodiesel. Both types were analyzed according to the parameters set by Brazil’s National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP), responsible for overseeing the quality and sale of fuels in the country. These analyses demonstrated that both new products can be used as fuels. No significant quality differences were observed between them. The new biofuels were also assessed when blended with petroleum diesel at different concentrations (up to 30%), presenting excellent results with respect to the parameters set by the ANP.

ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ СПОЖИВЧОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ: АНАЛІЗ ТРЕНДІВ І ВПЛИВ СЕЗОННОСТІ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОПИТУ

The article is devoted to forecasting demand based on the study of consumer behavior and the factors that determine this behavior. Identifying trends and assessing the impact of seasonality on demand generation is the first challenge in describing typical consumer choice behavior. The consumption effect describes how Habitual buying behaviour is Identifying trends and the seasonality of demand. The solution to the current task was to a retrospective analysis of retail sales. Such issues how the assessment of seasonality, the identification of a general trend, the interdependence of sales of alternative fuels have been researched under this article. The trends noted to decrease in the volume of fuel consumption, differences in the structure of retail turnover, and the total demand for motor fuel should be viewed as behavioral changes in the end-users. While gasoline and gas are mainly sold through the filling stations, the share of diesel fuel sales through filling stations is less than a fifth of the total sales. Structural changes in the retail fuel implication are that the fuel market is being replaced by cheaper substitutes - gas. In this article, we consider that the analysis of seasonality is the initial stage of forecasting the dynamics of demand. Seasonality was estimated for each fuel and for the group of motor fuels as a whole, for retail sales and total fuel consumption. The results of the analysis showed that gasoline and gas sales are moderate seasonality. Diesel fuel is characterized by the greatest amplitude of seasonal fluctuations. The seasonal activity the consuming-industries of diesel fuel explains the dynamics of demand, which is typical for secondary demand goods. Studying seasonality to determine its effect on demand includes: applying a multiplicative seasonality model for analyzing time series of demand and building a model for time series components; calculation of seasonality indices based on the average annual consumption level for prepare data and forecasting dynamics; comparison of peaks of seasonality and the amplitude of non-seasonal demand fluctuations to assess the impact of market factors. The study did not confirm that the seasonality of fuel consumption determines the seasonality of prices; no correlation was found between price fluctuations and the seasonality factor.

Emisión de gases de efecto invernadero por uso de combustibles fósiles en Ibagué, Tolima (Colombia)

<p>El cambio climático es causado por el aumento de las concentraciones de los gases de efecto invernadero (gei), especialmente, por el CO2. Estas concentraciones son provocadas por la proliferación del uso de combustibles fósiles. Los sistemas forestales pueden absorber carbono en la biomasa y mitigar el problema del cambio climático. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la emisión de gei de acuerdo con la venta de combustibles fósiles en Ibagué y plantear opciones de mitigación con sistemas de producción en el Tolima. Mediante revisión de literatura, se determinó el número de estaciones de servicio en el casco urbano de Ibagué. A través de encuestas a empleados que atienden al público, se estimó la venta de cada combustible estudiado (gasolina, diésel y gas natural vehicular-gnv) y, con base en la totalidad de estaciones y en los factores de emisión, se calculó la emisión total de gei para cada uno de estos combustibles en la ciudad. Se plantearon opciones de mitigación como cafetales, cacaotales o plantaciones de teca. Se estimó una emisión de 368 Gg CO2e/año (1 Gg = 10⁹ g) por ventas de combustibles fósiles equivalente a 718 kg CO2e/persona/año. Estas emisiones deberían ser mitigadas con reducciones en el uso de combustibles fósiles o mediante el establecimiento de sistemas de producción que fijen el CO2.</p>

Revenue and Policy Implications from Emerging Fuel Sale Trends in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Taxes generated from fuel sales represent an important source of revenue throughout North America and are broadly used with other sources to maintain and develop transportation networks and associated infrastructure. Historically, these taxes have performed well in providing a secure source of revenue. However, recent factors such as improved vehicle fleet efficiency and declining vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) on a per vehicle and per capita basis affect the volume of fuel sold and threaten the security of existing sources of revenue generated from fuel taxes. Notwithstanding the obvious environmental benefits to which these factors contribute, a need remains to ensure that revenue streams are able to keep pace with funding requirements, given that auto ownership continues to rise, which places pressure on total VKT. The result is a decoupling of road usage and the main source of road user payments. The traditional solution to maintaining or growing revenue streams in the region of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, has been to increase the fuel tax. However, the decoupling problem is intensified in the region because of the proximity to the border with the United States, where fuel price differentials are placing pressure on such solutions. This paper explores a number of recent trends that affect fuel sales in Metro Vancouver. Revenue implications are outlined, and policy recommendations are made to strengthen the link between road usage and road user payments.

Evaluating the use of EN 14078 for determination of biodiesel in diesel blends sold in the Brazilian market

In Brazil, the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) is a regulatory agency responsible for monitoring the distribution and sale of fuels. After the introduction of biodiesel in Brazil, problems began to emerge as well as questions regarding the quality of diesel fuel in the country. One of the problems is related to the determination of biodiesel content in the diesel available in fuel stations. This work shows that biodiesel prepared from different feedstock during storage suffers oxidative degradation leading to different oxygenated compounds. The presence of these biodiesel oxidation products affects the accuracy of the result provided by the standard method EN 14078 in relation to the content of biodiesel in diesel. The result showed determination errors of almost 100%. Indeed, a B5 blend after accelerated oxidation was determined using EN 14078 as B10. Another problem observed using EN 14078 was that in countries like Brazil, where different oleaginous or alcohol are used to produce biodiesel, it is mandatory to calibrate the method with the same biodiesel present in diesel blends. Indeed, it was observed important changes in the position of the stretching related to the ester carboxyl group according to the raw materials used to prepare the biofuel, leading to significant errors in the biodiesel content determination.

In California, 5 decades of decreasing emissions

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are emitted by vehicles and are a leading source of air pollution, have been on the decline in Los Angeles, Calif., one of the densest and most poorly ventilated cities in the United States, a new study finds. Comparing detailed measurements from two aircraft campaigns in the Los Angeles basin in 2002 and 2010, Warneke et al. found that the VOC concentrations in the region's atmosphere declined significantly during those 8 years. Using data from literature statistics and a monitoring network, the authors further show that in the Los Angeles basin, concentrations of VOCs and carbon monoxide (CO) have declined by 2 orders of magnitude compared to the 1960s—a reduction of 7.5% every year since the 1960s in spite of the fact that the sale of fuels has increased threefold during the same interval of time.

Econometric Estimation of Motor Fuel Sales with Incomplete Data

A methodology is presented for developing indirect estimates of cross-border sales of motor fuels when data on price differentials are not available. The extent of motor fuel sales occurring on Native American tribal reservations is not precisely known, as no existing data source provides a comprehensive survey of on-reservation sales. Significant unreported sales could create bias in the attribution process used by FHWA to apportion each state's share of federal tax receipts. A methodology is developed to estimate the magnitude of fuel sales on Native American tribal reservations. As significant tax rate differentials may exist, prices on and off reservation may vary considerably. For the most part, these price differentials are not observed, and doing so would require a comprehensive (and expensive) survey. The model described does not rely on knowing the actual price differential but rather generates indirect estimates of sales to nonresidents of the tribal areas. This is done by comparing predicted sales in counties adjacent to Native American tribal reservations with service stations (generated by the model) with actual sales. The resulting estimates suggest that for counties adjacent to tribal reservations with significant fuel sales, cross-border sales may account for as much as 8% of total consumption. These results are robust to numerous model specifications.

Econometric Estimation of Motor Fuel Sales with Incomplete Data: Methodology to Estimate Cross-Border Fuel Sales

A methodology is presented for developing indirect estimates of cross-border sales of motor fuels when data on price differentials are not available. The extent of motor fuel sales occurring on Native American tribal reservations is not precisely known, as no existing data source provides a comprehensive survey of on-reservation sales. Significant unreported sales could create bias in the attribution process used by FHWA to apportion each state's share of federal tax receipts. A methodology is developed to estimate the magnitude of fuel sales on Native American tribal reservations. As significant tax rate differentials may exist, prices on and off reservation may vary considerably. For the most part, these price differentials are not observed, and doing so would require a comprehensive (and expensive) survey. The model described does not rely on knowing the actual price differential but rather generates indirect estimates of sales to nonresidents of the tribal areas. This is done by comparing predicted sales in counties adjacent to Native American tribal reservations with service stations (generated by the model) with actual sales. The resulting estimates suggest that for counties adjacent to tribal reservations with significant fuel sales, cross-border sales may account for as much as 8% of total consumption. These results are robust to numerous model specifications.