In this talk, I briefly review how Nagoya physics has contributed to the development of flavor physics over the past 50 years. It began with the introduction of Sakata model back in 1956, and recently it contributed to the discovery of CP violation in 2000. Along the way Kobayashi and Maskawa completed the standard model by introducing the KM ansatz for CP violation. We shall also describe two discoveries by Nagoya emulsion group made before 1990: (1) the first evidence for the charm quark; (2) discovery of the D 0 and D + mesons. §1. Introduction — Sakata’s physics There have been many major Japanese contributors to elementary particle physics. In this talk I was asked by the organizers to talk about Nagoya’s contributions to particle physics. I am not a historian and I will not try to be one. There are many people who have more balanced and complete knowledge of Nagoya physics. So, I will concentrate on what I know best and leave the rest to other experts. With an apology in advance, I shall concentrate on Nagoya’s contributions to part of flavor physics which I was involved in. When I was a graduate student at Princeton during the mid to late 1960’s, most of the people around me have been studying analyticity, unitarity, and dispersion relations. We have been told by our leaders that field theory cannot deal with strong interaction dynamics. The nuclear democracy, which states that all particles were bound states of each other, was thought to be correct, and idea that fundamental constituents existed and that their interactions are governed by field theory was not very popular — if not rejected. Fortunately, Nagoya was located very far from these centers and it was out of their reach. The Sakata model was introduced in this type of atmosphere. It was little bit ahead of its time — the fundamental particles in this model was P , N ,a ndΛ. We now know about the fractionally charged quarks, and Sakata’s model was wrong. But, it certainly paved the way for the correct model, Gell-Mann’s 1) SU(3) of quarks in 1964. It is interesting to observe that Gell-Mann 2) too was influenced by the propaganda of the establishment. He had to justify introducing such fundamental particles — stating that they are only a mathematical tool and they can be thrown out after physics has been extracted from the quark model.