Safety-related Regulations Research Articles

체육시설 안전관리를 위한 법제도적 방안 연구

Since COVID-19, the number of sports facilities enjoyed outdoors has exploded. In particular, the number of park golf courses has increased by 45% in the last three years to 327. With the rapid growth of park golf, the side effects of this are growing together. Noise complaints frequently occur and safety accidents continue in residential areas near the Park Golf Course. And unlike golf courses that cost high costs, park golf had an advantage of its easy cost, but the convenient operation of usage fees and reservation systems is causing damage. In fact, a woman in her 20s who was taking a walk around the park golf course in Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, was bruised by a golf ball, and even though it is a public facility that costs taxes, she sometimes operates expediently by receiving fees such as subscription fees in the name of being managed by clubs or associations. In addition, there is constant noise surrounding the park golf course, such as illegal expansion. However, the government and local governments respectively overlook illegal park golf courses due to the welfare of the elderly and lack of manpower. In addition, there is a high concern about environmental pollution due to pesticides used in the process of creating and managing golf courses.
 Accordingly, this study aims to provide a theoretical basis for improving the legal system to prevent safety accidents at park golf courses by analyzing the current status of park golf courses and recent accidents related to park golf, examining the related law, the Sports Facility Act, and deriving problems.
 To achieve the purpose of this study, the concept of Park Golf was used to analyze related safety laws, policy data, and research reports using literature such as statistical data, literature research, and Internet search data on park golf safety accidents and operational problems. In addition, legal and institutional measures were prepared to secure the safety of the park golf course through a legal review related to the safety management of sports facilities for the safety management of the park golf course.
 Based on the results of this study, it was suggested to install and operate park golf through the revision of safety-related regulations, improvement of safety inspection grade assessment manuals, and institutionalization to secure specialized institutions and personnel related to park golf, focusing on the Sports Facility Act that can be applied for safety management of park golf courses.

The rise of the simulator-based training method in gastrointestinal endoscopy training and currently available simulators.

The apprenticeship-based training method (ABTM) is highly effective for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic training. However, the conventional ABTM has significant issues. Although many supplementary training methods (TMs) have been developed and utilized, they cannot entirely replace the ABTM, which remains the major TM strategy. Currently, new TM construction is crucial and necessary due to financial constraints, difficulty of obtaining sufficient training time due to patient safety-related regulations, and catastrophic damage caused by disasters such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The simulator-based TM (SBTM) is widely accepted as an alternative to the ABTM, owing to the SBTM's advantages. Since the 1960s, many GI endoscopy training simulators have been developed and numerous studies have been published on their effectiveness. While previous studies have focused on the simulator's validity, this review focused on the accessibility of simulators that were introduced by the end of 2021. Although the current SBTM is effective in GI endoscopic education, extensive improvements are needed to replace the ABTM. Incorporating simulator-incorporated TMs into an improved ABTM is an attempt to overcome the incompleteness of the current SBTM. Until a new simulator is developed to replace the ABTM, it is desirable to operate a simulator-integrated and well-coordinated TM that is suitable for each country and institution.

Analysis of Fire Accident Factors on Construction Sites Using Web Crawling and Deep Learning Approach

Fire safety on construction sites has been rarely studied because fire accidents have a lower occurrence compared to construction’s “Fatal Four”. Despite the lower occurrence, construction fire accidents tend to have a larger severity of impact. This study aims at using news media data and big data analysis techniques to identify patterns and factors related to fire accidents on construction sites. News reports on various construction accidents covered by news media were first collected through web crawling. Then, the authors identified the level of media exposure for various keywords related to construction accidents and analyzed the similarities between them. The results show that the level of media exposure for fire accidents on construction sites is much higher than for fall accidents, which suggests that fire accidents may have a greater impact on the surroundings than other accidents. It was found that the main causes of fire accidents on construction sites are violations of fire safety regulations and the absence of inspections, which could be sufficiently prevented. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by exploring factors related to fire safety on construction sites and their interrelationships as well as providing evidence that the fire type should be emphasized in safety-related regulations and codes on construction sites.

Stakeholders’ Compliance with Existing Construction Health and Safety Related Laws and Regulations in Ghana

This paper explored stakeholders’ compliance with existing laws and regulations related to construction health and safety (CHS) in the Ghanaian construction industry (GCI). Qualitative research approach was adopted for the data collection, using semi-structured interview guide. An in-depth face-to-face interview based on the grounded theory approach was conducted with actors who play important roles in ensuring health and safety at the construction site as well as key officers and professionals who are the major stakeholders in the GCI. Content analysis was adopted for the analysis of the qualitative data. The findings of the study show customary laws, bye laws, Labour Act, 2003 (Act 651), Local Governance Act, 2016 (Act 936) and the contract document as the key existing CHS related laws and regulations that the stakeholders comply with. The stakeholders also identified the following construction health and safety related regulations in the GCI which have low compliance rate: Factories, Shops and Offices Act, 1974 (Act 323), Environmental Protection Act, 1994 (Act 490), among others. The findings of the research contribute to knowledge of stakeholders’ compliance with existing laws and regulations related to CHS, and underscore the need to ensure monitoring and enforce compliance in the GCI. The findings further identify areas for stakeholders to focus attention on ensuring good health and safety practices, and also expose critical training and education needs for stakeholders in the GCI. The findings provide valuable insights on stakeholders’ compliance with laws and regulations related to CHS in Ghana, which may be applicable to other developing countries with similar construction industry.

Research on Periodical T2 Test for Reactor Protection System

T2 test of the safety DCS of the nuclear power plant is important for the reliability of logic function. Based on safety-related regulations and standards, this paper introduces different safety DCS platforms, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages respectively. Finally, the factors that should be considered in the design of T2 test are proposed. A proposal of T2 test on a regular basis and suggestions for its improvement is given.

A hybrid simulation framework for modelling construction projects using agent-based modelling and system dynamics: an application to model construction workers' safety behavior

ABSTRACTThe integration of system dynamics (SD) with ideas from agent-based modelling (ABM) offers potential to combine the strengths of the two methodologies. By investigation of the previous research works, it is revealed that there is a lack of a simple and applicable framework to develop a hybrid SD–ABM simulation approach. This research proposes a hybrid SD–ABM simulation framework for modelling construction projects. The dynamics of project environment arising from the complex interrelated structure of various influencing continuous factors are taken into account using SD. The complexity of the system emerges from the interactions between different agents is also accounted by ABM. The SD and ABM simulation paradigms are finally combined. To evaluate the performance of the proposed hybrid simulation framework, it is implemented in a real construction project. The safety behaviour of different working groups involved in the project is modelled using the proposed hybrid simulation framework. The influence of safety behaviour of different working groups on the project performance is finally assessed. The achieved simulation results show how the value of unsafe behaviour of different agents is varied throughout the project duration due to the interactions with other agents as well as the safety-related regulations that exist in the site.

Impact of Safety-Related Regulations on Codeine Use in Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database.

Safety concerns regarding potential life-threatening adverse events associated with codeine have resulted in policy decisions to restrict its use in pediatrics. However, whether these drug safety communications have had an immediate and strong impact on codeine use remains in question. We aimed to investigate the impact of the two implemented safety-related regulations (label changes and reimbursement regulations) on the use of codeine for upper respiratory infection (URI) or cough. A quasi-experimental study was performed using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Quarterly data of codeine prescription rates for URI/cough visits were reported, and an interrupted time series design was used to assess the impact of the safety regulations on the uses of codeine among children with URI/cough visits. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore patient and provider characteristics associated with the use of codeine. The safety-related regulations were associated with a significant reduction in codeine prescription rates of -4.24% (95% confidence interval [CI] -4.78 to -3.70), and the relative reduction compared with predicted rates based on preregulation projections was 60.4, 56.6, and 53.2% in the first, second, and third year after the regulations began, respectively. In the postregulation period, physicians specializing in otolaryngology (odds ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% CI 1.45-1.49), practicing in district hospitals (OR 6.84, 95% CI 5.82-8.04) or clinics (OR 6.50, 95% CI 5.54-7.62), and practicing in the least urbanized areas (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.55-1.64) were more likely to prescribe codeine to children than their counterparts. Our study provides a successful example of how to effectively reduce the codeine prescriptions in children in the 'real-world' settings, and highlights areas where future effort could be made to improve the safety use of codeine. Future research is warranted to explore whether there was a simultaneous decrease in the incidence rates of codeine-related adverse events following the safety-related regulations.

An agent-based model to study compliance with safety regulations at an airline ground service organization

According to aviation statistics, most of the safety occurrences happen not in the air, but on the ground. Management of airlines and airports often consider failures to comply with safety-related regulations as important contributors to safety occurrences. To address the issue of compliance, approaches based on external regulation of the employees' behavior were proposed. Unfortunately, an externally imposed control is often not internalized by employees and has a short-term effect on their performance. To achieve a long-term effect, employees need to be internally motivated to adhere to regulations. To understand the role of motivation for compliance in ground service organizations, in this paper a formal agent-based model is proposed based on theories from social science with a wide empirical support. The model incorporates cognitive, social, and organizational aspects. The model was simulated and partially validated by a case study performed at a real airline ground service organization. The model was able to reproduce behavioral patterns related to compliance of the platform employees in this study. Based on the model, global sensitivity analysis was performed. The results of this analysis together with the simulation results were used to generate recommendations to improve compliance.

Impact of safety-related regulation on use of parenteral ketorolac in a nationally representative population

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a regulatory action on use of parenteral ketorolac issued by Taiwan's Food and Drug Administration due to concern of its adverse events in a nationally representative population. Methods The data source of this study was the 2006–2010 Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. The study employed a before–after design with a preregulation period consisting of a 2-year control phase (1 July 2006 to 30 June 2008) and a postregulation period (1 July 2008 to 30 June 2010). Monthly claim data on prescriptions of parenteral ketorolac during both periods were analyzed. Demographics of patients who received ketorolac and their prescribing physicians were examined. Key findings The percentage of nonpostoperative use against the restriction among inpatient prescriptions for parenteral ketorolac decreased from 27.44% in the preregulation period to 24.63% in the postregulation period (P < 0.01). Nevertheless, more than 90% of outpatient prescriptions for parenteral ketorolac in the pre and postregulation periods were nonpostoperative use. Conclusions Our unique medical care system under the National Health Insurance programme allows us to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of safety-related regulations when patients have free access to medical care, which is seldom discussed in current literature.

Analytical HFACS for investigating human errors in shipping accidents

Despite the innovative trends in marine technology and the implementation of safety-related regulations, shipping accidents are still a leading concern for global maritime interests. Ensuring the consistency of shipping accident investigation reports is recognized as a significant goal in order to clearly identify the root causes of these accidents. Hence, the goal of this paper is to generate an analytical Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), based on a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), in order to identify the role of human errors in shipping accidents. Integration of FAHP improves the HFACS framework by providing an analytical foundation and group decision-making ability in order to ensure quantitative assessment of shipping accidents.

Criteria for Cost Effectiveness of Safety Measures

The paper demonstrates that a simple method exists, by which easily accessible information aggregated in national statistics can be used to derive acceptance criteria for use in cost effectiveness evaluations. Cost effectiveness assessment is normally used for risks that should be made as low as reasonably practicable. These are risks, which are neither intolerably high nor negligible. Examples of users of such criteria are the national and international regulators that implement safety related regulations and industrial companies that operate in an industrial self-regulation regime and therefore define and implement their own risk control strategies. The criteria are derived by combining societal indicators published by the United Nations development program and national statistics. It is observed that in an unregulated market, individuals invest in their own safety or in the safety of their own family. In the same way as the societal indicators indicate how much the regulator should use on safety, the data on how much individuals spend on safety when the decision is up to them indicate when the regulator should not regulate. The idea is then that when individuals make better use of the available resources there is no reason to regulate. As a last point, when it comes to cost effectiveness, the paper demonstrates that situations may well occur for which a wealthy country should invest in safety and a poor country should not.

Hazardous Materials Transportation on U.S. Railroads: Application of Risk Analysis Methods to Decision Making in Development of Regulations

The Office of Safety of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) is responsible for ensuring public and personnel safety in U.S. railroad operations. This office ensures the safe rail transportation of hazardous materials by conducting inspections of railroad operations and equipment, including tank cars, and developing safety-related regulations. In the past few years, the Office of Safety has been using risk analysis as a tool in making rational regulatory decisions on hazardous materials transportation in tank cars. A risk analysis protocol developed by FRA is described to evaluate the risks to the U.S. population arising from the transportation of different types of chemicals in tank cars on the U.S. railroad system. Following several recommendations of the National Transportation Safety Board requiring the shipment of several hazardous chemicals in highly protected, pressure-rated tank cars rather than in the minimum packaging authorized by the Code of Federal Regulations, a risk-based evaluation was made on the effect of implementing these recommendations on the overall risk reduction. The risk results were presented in the parameters of Military Standard 882-B. Policy decisions were made based on the results.