Safety Of Electrical Installations Research Articles

Методы анализа безопасности электроустановок в человекомашинных системах

Increasing the intensification of agricultural production and Improving the quality of life of the rural population is a priority in the development of the agricultural sector of the country's economy. In this regard, the problem reducing man-made threats of accidents and injuries to people, fires, as well as increasing the reliability and safety of electrical installations, including electrical networks and technological electrical equipment is currently important and timely. This problem is especially acute as a result of the aging of the industry's fixed assets. The electric power park of the Russian agro-industrial complex mainly consists of exhausted electrical equipment, the wear of which exceeds a critical level (~ 70%): The state of technological safety of electrical installations today cannot be considered satisfactory. Every year, more than 4,500 people die in the public utility sector alone, about 30 thousand become disabled, while the countryside accounts for about 70% of the total number of electrical injuries. Fires caused by electric current as a result of short circuits and damage to the insulation of electrical wiring also pose a serious threat. The current situation poses a threat to the national security of the country, which necessitated the inclusion of the problem of technological safety in the list of critical technologies approved by the President of the Russian Federation in 2002. Keywords: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION, RISK, HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEM, SOFT COMPUTING, DAMAGE, SIMULATION MODELING, EXPERT SYSTEM

"Approbation of the developed method for determining network insulation parameters on an operating excavator"

"One of the factors that determine the safety of electrical installations in ungrounded AC systems is the insulation resistance to earth. Early recognition and fault clearance, accompanied by a change in the active and reactive components of the insulation conductivity in ungrounded AC systems, will ensure work safety in electrical installations. Due to the fact the scale of cases of electrical injuries continues to remain significant, despite the tightening of the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation and the creation of newer effective methods and protection equipment against electric shock, therefore, increasing the level of electrical safety in the operation of mining machines and complexes is an urgent task. The article depicts the results of the approbation of the developed method for determining network insulation parameters on an operating excavator. The developed method is based on measuring phase voltages and angles of their vectors before and after connecting an additional capacitance to the phase of the electrical network and to the earth. According to the developed method, numerical data of the insulation condition in an electrical network with a voltage up to 1000 V and the single-phase earth fault current were calculated. During the approbation of the developed method, the lack of the existing protective residual current device was identified. Keywords: network insulation, admittance, susceptance, neutral shift, zero-sequence voltage. "

Имитационная модель функционирования человеко-машинной системы и показатели её эффективности

Reliability and safety of electrical installations (ES) of production facilities under operating conditions depends on many factors. Taking into account and minimizing their influence, especially for human-machine systems (HMS), where personnel is involved in the maintenance of the ES, requires a systematic approach that combines theoretical and experimental studies. Modern production facilities have a complex structure of power supply, including external and internal electrical equipment, etc. All this requires an effective system for monitoring and diagnosing the parameters and modes of electrical installations. The analysis of control results underlies decision-making, the formation of inference rules, the formation of databases and knowledge in order to predict and manage man-made risks of electrical installations. Moreover, diagnosing the technical condition of the ED is one of the main factors for ensuring the efficiency of their operation under conditions of uncertainty caused by the objectively existing dynamic process of the functioning of the human-machine system. Keywords: MAN-MADE FIRES, LEAKAGE CURRENTS IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS, THERMAL OVERLOAD, HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEM

Evaluasi Kelayakan Instalasi Gedung TTSK 3 Lantai PT Phapros, Tbk Semarang

The development of time and the increasing need for electricity, electrical installations must undergo changes both in quality and quantity. The decrease in the quality of electrical installations and changes in the quantity of load points can result in changes in the quality and quantity of installation feasibility and safety of the wearer. Therefore, checking and evaluating electrical installations is carried out. Research at the TTSK building of PT Phapros, Tbk determines predetermined criteria, including: earth resistance, insulation resistance, safety, and delivery cross-section. After meeting the criteria, installation testing is carried out. The result of the feasibility evaluation of the installation feasibility of PT Phapros 3 floor TTSK building, Tbk reached 92% feasible, and 8% unfit. These tests include testing of earth resistance with a decent number of 67%. From the results of testing on insulation resistance with a decent amount of 100%. From the safety of electrical installations with a decent amount of 100%, as well as the results of the cross-section of electrical installations with a decent amount of 100%.

Counseling on the Importance of Electrical Installation Safety in Tegalpanjang Village

Electricity has a very vital role in everyday life, therefore the electricity network must be properly maintained and protected, otherwise, not only disrupt the need for electricity but it can also endanger human safety. One type of electrical hazard that often arises is fire that caused by the electrical equipment used was not under the PUIL Standard (General Requirements for Electrical Installation in Indonesia) and COE (Certificate of Operation Eligibility). Beside carelessly installation that not comply with regulations that often cause electrical short circuit.. The purpose of this community service is to provide knowledge about the safe and correct household electrical installations to residence of Tegalpanjang especially school student so they can also provide information to other community members about dangers and utilization of electricity as well as correct electrical installation. The result of this service activity is the participants has knowledge upgrading and understanding about the dangers and use of electrical installations to avoid fires caused by electrical short circuits.

IMPROVED FIRE-PROOF INSTALLATION SECURITY TECHNOLOGY

In this study conducted a discussion of electrical installation of buildings as electrical equipment assemblies in buildings related to each other, to meet certain purposes or intentions and have coordinated characteristics, what is already stated in the General Requirements of Electrical Installation (PUIL 2000). The purpose and purpose of the electrical installation is for the business of electrical installations to be held properly, to ensure human safety from the dangers of electric shock, the safety of electrical installations and their equipment, the security of buildings and their contents from fires caused by electricity, and environmental protection. Things that have been considered trivial by the community, unwittingly have been the trigger for the high number of fire cases. Fires can occur if there are three elements, namely flammable materials, oxygen and sparks. Short circuit of electric current or (electrical short circuit) that causes flame catches to flammable materials, is still the trigger for high fire rates.

Актуализация национальной нормативной базы в области обеспечения пожарной безопасности электропроводок

In Russia every year, according to the statistics, the most fire hazardous types of electrical installations are electrical wiring, from which 65 % of fires occurred in 2019, associated with all the types of electrical installations. Considering the urgency of the problem, the Federal Research Budgetary Institution of the All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor, the Research Institute of Fire Defense pays constant attention to increasing the level of fire prevention studies. One of the most important tasks in the institute activities in this Проблемы, суждения 35Безопасность Труда в Промышленности • Occupational Safety in Industry • № 11'2020 • www.safety.ru field is the development, updating, modification and harmonization of the national normative base regulating fire safety requirements and methods for assessing the fire safety of electrical installations, and, above all, of course, electrical wiring. The fundamental regulatory documents are the Technical Regulations TR EEU 043/2017 and the Federal Law of 22. 07. 2008 № 123-FZ «Technical regulations on fire safety requirements», in the development of the electrical section of which the authors of the article took an active part. Particular attention here deserves Clause 2 of Article 82, which regulates the requirements for fire resistance (operability) of cable lines and electrical wiring systems for fire protection of the objects under fire conditions, and Сlause 8 of the same article, which imposes the requirements that were awaited for a long time by all the branches of industry, agriculture, housing construction and, first of all, of course, power engineers and employees of the fire service: «Cables laid openly must be flame retardant». The requirement applies to all the objects, regardless of their functional fire hazard. Over the past three years, the Institute carried out a large scientific research and rule-making work on the revision, development and substantiation of the proposed solutions for new editions of the interstate standards for various types of electrical wiring using: molded electrical wiring products, cables of increased fire resistance under fire conditions, fire retardant cable coatings and cable penetrations. In theoretical terms, the interest is in the proposed by the authors a calculation method for assessment of electrical products fire hazard, based on the stochasticity of emergency modes that cause their failure and ignition.

Developing the Indonesian Qualifications Framework’s descriptors for Electrical Engineering as the basis of the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

This study aims to: 1) describe the mechanism of the level 2 IQF (the Indonesian Qualifications Framework) descriptor development for electrical engineering, and 2) formulate a set of detailed-level-2 descriptors for electrical engineering. The method used to develop the descriptors is brainstorming between the researcher and several experts from both academicians and practitioners. Meanwhile, the method to formulate the IQF descriptors for electrical engineering is literature review referring to The Indonesian National Work Competency Standard (SKKNI) and focus group discussion involving experts from academicians, Professional Certification Institute Gema PDKB, the Association of Indonesian Electrical Works (APEI), Consortium for Electrical Installation Safety (KONSUIL), and industry practitioners such as PT. LEN Bandung, PT. Bukaka Teknik Utama, PT. Schneider Electric Indonesia, and PT. Smart Energi Semesta. The descriptors are in the form of the guttman scale questionnaire. The questionnaire was then tested on limited-scale respondents. The KR 20 method was employed to examine the reliability and resulted in r11 = 0.9; thus, the guttman scale questionnaire was considered “very reliable”. The respondents consisted of 8 academicians, 8 electrical engineering teachers at vocational high schools, and 8 industrial practitioners. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively. This study resulted in a set of level 2 IQF descriptors which were designed according to the taxonomy of electricity system, namely electric power transmission system descriptors, electric power distribution system descriptors, and electric power utilization descriptors. In regard to electric power transmission system, 103 out of 154 (67%) descriptors were approved by more than 80% of respondents; for electric power distribution system, 83 descriptors (75%) were approved by more than 80% of respondents; and for electric power utilization system, 61 descriptors (94%) were approved by more than 80% of respondents

수상 태양광발전설비의 접지의 구축에 관한 기초연구

Recently, construction of photovoltaic(PV) power generation installations built on the water is increased. Grounding is an important factor in safety of electrical installations on the water. In this paper, we described the results of a model experiment to propose a technique examining the water resistivity and potential rise on the surface of water. As a result, a method of measuring the water resistivity using concentric hemispherical electrode system is a high accuracy. The measured data of the potential rise on the surface of water around hemispherical electrodes were in good agreement with the theoretically calculated results. Also the potential rise on the surface of water drastically decreased as the submerged depth of grounding electrode increased.

Analysis of electrical audit and energy efficiency in building Hotel BC, North Jakarta

The Hotel BC is using power source from PLN with capacity of 4300 kVA which is divided into 3 units of 2000 kVA transformer. Transformers are used to supply the load of Mall tenants, and Utility loads, such as Chiller, pumps and others. Problems found in the field are complaints from the hotel regarding the safety of electrical installations and wasteful, inefficient electrical costs. The purpose of this study is to check the electrical installation in the building and determine the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) and the cost of payment according to usage based on historical data of the building then compare it with the EUI standard of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesia. The method used is survey measurement method and quantitative descriptive analysis by comparing in general condition of energy consumption of this building with standard issued by Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Indonesia. The EUI is average 645.58 kWh/m2/year, or 53.79 kWh/m2/month, this is inefficient category, because its EUI value is > 24 kWh / m2 / month. For Electrical audit on imaging thermal test at Panel Out Going of chiller pump, 200 ampere, the highest temperature is 97.3° C, at 200 ampere phase S termination, and this is included in the major category. The numbers of hot spots on the Capacitor bank panels are 10 major points and Chiller panel has 10 major. There are many major points and they are quite dangerous because they can cause fire hazard on the panel. The AC average temperature and humidity distribution did not meet the standard of SNI (Indonesia National Standard).

PELATIHAN KEAMANAN SISTEM INSTALASI KABEL TANAM DI DESA MELINGGIH KECAMATAN PAYANGAN-GIANYAR

Electricity is a very vital needs for the life of the community it is today. Electricity became the primary needsof the relatively inexpensive price because in addition is also very helpful in everyday life. In addition toelectricity has huge advantages, electricity also has a hazard that can lead to accidents such as fire, electricalcurrent was stung and damage electrical equipment. Bali is an island of the gods and the visit of a veryfamous Tourism both locally and internationally. The beauty of Bali we must keep together in order to lookmore natural. Lighting is one of the effects of the sun rays create the beauty of being a more natural look. Theplacement of the lights as the lighting to create a natural atmosphere, usually placed on top of or below,because the light on the object is not interrupted. Because of the Permasalahn above, then the electricalinstallation has also become very influential for aesthetics, so the installation is generally ditanan in theground. The main constraint in the system in the ground is a way to install and secure the conductor. Of these problems this devotion will provide information about the security system wiring installation. Electricalhazards can be eliminated by following all electrical installation requirements. Danger of electric shock andfires can be corrected with electrical installation safety contained in the 2011 electrical installation Generalrequirements (Amendment 2011serta year 2014 PUIL, who hinted to secure the environment in this securinghuman safety, mandatory use of electrical installation in accordance with the National Standard safetyIndonesia (SNI). In this devotion will be given explanations and Training Security System Installation Cableplant in the village of Payangan Gianyar-Melinggih Sub-district, which provide devotion often occur becauseof electrical interference system wiring and equipment who do not meet the requirements of the electricalinstallation.

PELATIHAN PENGAMAN INSTALASI LISTRIK SESUAI PERSYARATAN UMUM INSTALASI LISTRIK 2011 SERTA AMANDEMEN 2014

Electricity is a very vital need for the life of the community it is today. Electricity became the primary needsof the relatively inexpensive price because in addition is also very helpful in everyday life. In addition toelectricity has huge advantages, electricity also has a hazard that can lead to accidents such as fire, electricalcurrent was stung and damage electrical equipment. Electrical hazards can be eliminated by following allelectrical installation requirements. Danger of electric shock and fires can be corrected with electricalinstallation safety contained in the 2011 electrical installation General requirements (Amendment 2011sertayear 2014 PUIL, who hinted to secure the environment in this securing human safety, mandatory use ofelectrical installation in accordance with the National Standard safety Indonesia (SNI). In this devotion, itwill be given an explanation and electric installation training in accordance with the General requirements ofthe electrical installation for the community in the village of Sinduwati, district Sidemen KarangasemRegency.

Dangerous touch voltages in buildings: The impact of extraneous conductive parts in risk mitigation

International (IEC) European (CENELEC) and American (NEC) Standards require, in each building, the connection of extraneous conductive parts (i.e. metal water or gas pipes) to the main grounding terminal. There are two good reasons for this: the voltage between extraneous conductive parts and exposed conductive parts is zeroed and extraneous conductive parts can contribute to the leakage of fault current into the ground. There is however a third advantage in the bonding connection: the entire structure (floors and walls of the building), together with the exposed and the extraneous metallic parts, forms a quasi-equipotential system, with the consequent strong reduction of touch voltages. Metallic pipes and reinforcement of reinforced concrete have a particular relevance thanks to their large widespread through buildings. However, in some practical cases, it is not possible to connect all extraneous conductive parts to the protective equipotential bonding because they are not accessible. In the paper, the reduction of touch voltages in buildings, when these extraneous conductive parts are present but not connected to the protective equipotential bonding is quantified. Different building models are created and solved by the finite element method in order to calculate touch voltages in different scenarios. The results show that the mere presence of widespread metallic parts in buildings helps to reduce touch voltages, but not enough to ensure safety against indirect contacts. The electrical installation safety performance is greatly improved in reinforced concrete buildings if at least some easily accessible parts, like water or central heating pipes, are connected to the main grounding terminal. Also in brick buildings, they provide a certain reduction of GPR, maximum and mean touch voltages.

The impact of occupational risks in the operating and maintenance activities in the energy sector

This paper presents a synthesis of studies in electrical installations from the energy sector, relating to occupational hazards, in terms of history of operations, maintenance, including situations that arose after some events that involved accidents at work and occupational diseases. Over the years, the energy sector has undergone a number of changes to the organizational level, modernization of electrical installations and implementations of new technologies and working procedures. As a result of these changes, has increased, over time, the level of safety of electrical installations, as well as the activities carried out by the operating and maintenance personnel that requires a high degree of training, as determined by the responsibilities assigned by job descriptions and procedures and as a result of physical and psychological stress to which the worker is subject during carrying out the activity. The research study aims to highlight the safety measures and health needed to be taken and their effectiveness to mitigate risks in the energy sector, in order to manage, more effectively, the work carried out by the operating and maintenance personnel of electrical installations, in order to ensure the healthy workplaces and to fulfil the occupational management objectives.

Role of clinical tutors in volunteering work camps

The Università Campus Bio-Medico (Italy) promotes a summer volunteering work camp (Workcamp Perù) as a social activity for medical and non-medical students. Some junior doctors participate as 'clinical tutors', together with tutors from other professions; all clinical tutors have some teaching experience in our teaching hospital. The campsite is located in the South of Peru in the Cañete Valley, an area characterised by extreme poverty and a severe lack of infrastructure. During the five Workcamp Perù trips that have been organised so far, health science students have carried out many activities for disease prevention and health education, and bio-medical engineering students have organised sessions on the safety of electrical installations, for accident prevention. We observed that in this setting tutorial activity is fundamental, because it not only offers students an opportunity to learn but also encourages them to react in a more personal and reflective manner to various stressful situations, which often occur in the work camp. The professional competence of the tutor plays an important role before the work camp, in defining the learning objectives for the students and involving them in training sessions held prior to the work camp. Also, during the camp, tutors work with students and also direct the daily briefing and debriefing sessions that are the most important learning activity. For medical tutors involved in the work camp the volunteering experience is a challenge for developing their specific professional and teaching skills, but it also provides an enriching experience in both professional and personal terms. We consider these work camps to be a useful experience in the training of our clinical tutors.

접지에 관한 용어의 실태와 일관성 있는 사용을 위한 고찰

A grounding scheme is one of important parts in protection for safety of electrical installations. Terminologies are successively creating and gradually increasing due to diversity and external environments. The declaration and definition of terminologies concerning grounding are in disorder in several KS standards, electrotechnical provisions for electrical installations and electrotechnical guides related to electrical installations. There seem to be serious confusions in use among technicians and experts. In this paper, we proposed a new scheme and system to consistently use the technical terms concerning grounding described in KS standards and technical provisions. Different use examples and the present state of terminologies on grounding described in Korean documents such as KS IEC standards, technical provisions for electrical installations, consumer"s electrical installation guide, and etc are investigated. Although the scope of this work is limited to examine the terminologies on grounding, it is expected that the proposed method could be contributed to the consistent use of terminologies in all areas in KS C IEC standards and technical provisions for electrical installations.

Real Time Monitoring and Management Method for Electrical Safety of Customer Electrical Installations Connected to Smart Grids

In order to achieve purpose of Smart Grids, which is effective use of electrical energy, the safety of electrical installations must be secured. This paper presented real time monitoring and management method for electrical safety of customer electrical installations connected to Smart Grids. And the direction of electrical safety system for the introduction of real time monitoring and management method was suggested. Efficiency improvement of electrical safety management and new supplementary services related with Smart Girds will be available by introducing the presented method.

La conformité réglementaire des installations électriques des élevages

La sécurité des installations électriques est une nécessité dans les milieux professionnels et domestiques. Dans les bâtiments d’élevage, le respect de la réglementation est la condition indispensable pour éviter que les hommes et les animaux puissent être exposés aux effets défavorables de courants électriques circulant en dehors des conducteurs du circuit de distribution ou des appareils qui lui sont reliés. En raison de défauts de conception des installations ou d’altérations résultant de leur vétusté, voire de leur dégradation par les conditions agressives du milieu (humidité, déjections, etc..), des tensions anormales peuvent exister sur des éléments métalliques de l’élevage (cornadis, abreuvoirs…). Lorsque les animaux entrent en contact avec ces objets, ils sont traversés par des courants susceptibles de produire des réactions défavorables. La prévention de ces tensions et courants parasites repose sur le respect des dispositions de base de la sécurité électrique que sont la présence d’un disjoncteur différentiel, la connexion de toutes les masses métalliques entre elles, assurant que toutes sont toujours au même potentiel, et leur liaison à une prise de terre correctement établie.

High tension electricity burns: a case report

Recently in some areas there has been an upsurge in rural electrification. Though electricity is desirable, it is one of the most potentially dangerous commodities in the society. We present this report highlighting the need for prevention as high tension electricity injury though uncommon is reputed for significant morbidity and mortality. A case report of a 30 year old female trader with high tension electricity burns in a rural community seen in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar. Successful management of 10% burn involving multiple sites. Patient's husband was electrocuted in the incident. High tension burns are reputed for significant morbidity and mortality hence the need for prevention. Strategies recommended should include safety of electrical installations, protective apparels for electricity workers as well as health education for consumers.

Safety of Electrical Installations up to 1000 Volts

Safety of Electrical Installations up to 1000 Volts