Safety Of Electrical Equipment Research Articles

Basics of worker safety under the draft Labour Code of Ukraine

The article analyses the draft Labour Code of Ukraine with regard to legal regulation of safety and health of employees.
 The author examines in detail Book Three «Safety and Health of Employees» of the draft Labour Code of Ukraine. It is established that this book contains the provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine «On Safety and Health of Workers at Work», which form a new system of management in this area.
 The article analyses the state of implementation of the Council Directive 89/391/EEC, Council Directive 89/654/EEC of 30 November 1989 on minimum safety and health requirements in work areas; Council Directive 92/85/EEC of 19 October 1992 on measures to improve the safety and health at work of pregnant, recently given birth or lactating workers; Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work in national legal practice.
 The author analyses the current regulatory legal acts in the field of labour protection and draws attention to the need to update the national labour legislation. The main areas of reform in the field of safety are highlighted, namely: general requirements for occupational safety and health protection at workplaces, machine safety, electrical equipment safety, personal protective equipment, use of explosives, mining operations and noise protection.
 The author establishes that the draft Labour Code of Ukraine provides for a change of legal emphasis from «labour safety» or «labour protection» to the European principle of «employee safety». The consequence of implementing this principle in practice will be the achievement of complete elimination or minimisation of risks to the life and health of each employee.
 The author examines the rules governing the safety and health of certain categories of employees, namely, female employees (pregnant employees, employees who have recently given birth and breastfeeding employees), employees under the age of 18, employees with disabilities. Concludes that the draft Labour Code of Ukraine does not pay due attention to the specifics of work of employees who have children under the age of three, or have a child with a disability, or are raising a child on their own, which requires further elaboration.
 Proposals are made regarding the need to enshrine in the draft Labour Code of Ukraine the minimum amount of funding for expenses incurred at the expense of the employer for the safety and health of employees at work.

Results of a statistical study of types of single-phase faults in low-voltage ship electrical networks

The increase in the power supply of ships is manifested in growth of ship power plants' capacity, the total length of cable lines, and the number of electrified mechanisms. With the development of marine technology, the severity of the consequences of damage to ship electrical equipment and the costs of its maintenance and repair increase. The search for ways to improve the reliability and safety of electrical equipment should be based on design and technological solutions at the stages of its development and production, as well as an analysis of various factors that may appear during the operation of marine equipment and affect the condition of ship electrical systems. During studying these factors, it has been revealed that one of the common types of damage to electrical equipment of marine equipment is single-phase short circuits, the causes of which are varied. Preventing short circuits is labour intensive and in some cases impracticable. However, understanding the characteristics of this type of damage to low-voltage equipment is necessary to improve the reliability and safety of ship electrical systems. The conducted research is based on a survey of ship electrical mechanics. The results of the surveys have made it possible to analyze the frequency of occurrence of single-phase insulation faults, the duration of their existence, to identify the most likely places of occurrence of short circuits and equipment that is more susceptible to such damage compared to other elements of the electrical power system.

A deep belief network approach to remaining capacity estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on charging process features

Accurate remaining capacity estimation for lithium batteries can help people understand the working state of a battery, which ensures the reliability and safety of electric equipment. Since the remaining capacities of lithium-ion batteries are related to internal physicochemical reactions, such as loss of lithium inventory and loss of active material, their remaining capacities are usually difficult to directly estimate. Advancements in deep learning have prompted the development of new data-driven approaches to solve this problem that can capture potential degradation correlation information from high-dimensional data via hidden layers of the deep learning model. This paper presents a novel deep learning method for lithium-ion battery capacity estimation based on charging process features with the following process. First, multiple health indicators are analysed and extracted according to different working conditions of batteries. Next, a grey relation analysis is combined with a cross-validation test, which is employed to eliminate information redundancy and improve prediction accuracy. Moreover, the optimized health indicators are further extracted through the restricted Boltzmann machine component of the deep belief network model, and a fully connected layer is adopted for estimation of lithium-ion battery capacity. A total of 23 battery datasets, including six working condition types, are employed for verification experiments. The maximum root mean square error of a single battery prediction is 3%, and that of multiple battery prediction is still within 6%, which confirms the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

Anomaly Detection Algorithm Based On Electric Equipment

Traditional methods for detecting data anomalies of power equipment fail to fully mine the data characteristics. And it has shortcomings such as complex calculation, poor flexibility and low accuracy. To solve the problem of abnormal fault detection of electric equipment, the abnormal detection algorithm based on statistical analysis and machine learning is used in the paper. The reconstruction method based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) time sequence is proposed for time series data abnormal detection. Experiments show that the new method is effective in detecting and correcting abnormal data, which reduces the detection time and improves the accuracy of state estimation results. There are huge differences within the positive samples in anomaly detection, so several methods are studied in the paper. One-class SVM algorithm is often used in novelty detection and isolation forest algorithm is used in outlier detection. Machine learning methods which is based on statistical analysis will play an increasingly important role in the fields of equipment monitoring and predictive maintenance, safety of electric equipment.

Common Fault Analysis and Prevention Measures in Building Electrical Installation

<p>Since the building of electrical facilities became more common, people paid more attention to the quality and safety of electric equipment, which led to a stricter requirement for building electrical installation. The installation of electrical engineering is closely related to the quality of the building itself, if too much carelessness is seen during the process of building the electrical facility, it would be prone to some quality problems and hence cannot ensure the safety of the user's life. This study will expound the cause and prevention measures of common faults in building electric installation engineering through common fault analysis of building electrical installation. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay special attention to the quality management of electrical installation engineering and develop electrical installation engineering by applicability, reliability, economy, beautiful appearance and convenience.</p>

Common Fault Analysis and Prevention Measures in Building Electrical Installation

<p>Since the building of electrical facilities became more common, people paid more attention to the quality and safety of electric equipment, which led to a stricter requirement for building electrical installation. The installation of electrical engineering is closely related to the quality of the building itself, if too much carelessness is seen during the process of building the electrical facility, it would be prone to some quality problems and hence cannot ensure the safety of the user's life. This study will expound the cause and prevention measures of common faults in building electric installation engineering through common fault analysis of building electrical installation. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay special attention to the quality management of electrical installation engineering and develop electrical installation engineering by applicability, reliability, economy, beautiful appearance and convenience.</p>

Ambiguities in Technical Standards—Case Study IEC 60112—Measuring the Resistance of Solid Isolating Materials to Tracking

Abstract The paper deals with unclear and incomplete specifications in technical standards and discusses, as a consequence, the ambiguities in specifying testing requirements or even the absence of important facts in the standard. It deals in particular with the technical standard related to the EU Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) for ensuring the safety of electric equipment. These facts are becoming more and more important since the required measurement uncertainty, according to EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard for calibration and testing laboratories is widely implemented and accepted especially with the emerging European and global markets. Placing of products on the market depends on the results of conformity testing against specific characteristics. Therefore, given the importance of standardized test procedures, common understanding of specifications and harmonized interpretation of measuring/testing results is of utmost importance. Regarding measurement/test results, the agreement on influential parameters, contribution to the overall uncertainty is of paramount importance. The Case study consists of the analyses of IEC 60112 standard: Method for determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices of solid insulating materials. In the process of uncertainty evaluations, the ambiguity of the standard was identified. This standard describes very complex requirements for tests and is a fine example to highlight the problem. This article describes problems in connection with indistinctness of the standard IEC 60112.

Electrical safety in patient care areas

Editorial Note:Safety standards for hospital and medical electrical equipment are - or should be - an issue on which international change greatly accelerates progress. In the first issue of this Journal, Reidar Karlsen provided a Norwegian approach to the quality dilemma where medical devices are concerned, and in the second issue Cornelis van Gruting provided an analysis of public policies in the field. In this issue, we examine a complementary topic: the safety of electrical equipment as a whole in hospitals and clinics. The paper is published simultaneously in the Canadian Medical Association Journal and appears here with the permission of the Canadian Medical Association.

Safety of electrical equipment.

Technical Committee 62 of the International Electrotechnical Commission is about to meet once again to consider further the Safety of Electrical Equipment used in Medical Practice. Will this meeting be of any importance to workers concerned with electromedical safety? Resolution of some basic issues would assist those of us who are trying to apply the work of this Committee to our own hospital or corner of the electromedical industry. Dr. Whelpton is head of the Area Medical Physics Department at the University Hospital, Nottingham.