Safety Fences Research Articles

Wrap‐Around String‐Like ToF and Self‐Capacitance Combined Sensor for Robots

Collaborative robots are becoming popular because they can operate without safety fences and can work in close proximity to humans. Proximity and tactile sensors on the robot's surface are important safety measures for existing robots. In this paper, we propose a string‐like ToF and self‐capacitance combined sensor that can be easily wrapped around various types of existing robots. The sensor can be freely connected to other sensors, and the length of the connected sensors attached can be adjusted depending on the shape of the robot. Prototype sensors were fabricated, and four connected sensors were wrapped around the robotic arm. Sensors on the robot's surface can detect objects within the proximity range and determine contact. In addition, a robotic arm with sensors can be controlled in real‐time using measured data from the sensors. It was confirmed that the proposed sensor can be used for proximity and tactile sensing on existing robots. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Pedestrian Facility Design For Sports Centre Area In Small Town Of Indonesia (Case Study: Bima Sports Centre Area)

The largest public space in Cirebon City, Indonesia, is Bima Sports Center, with conditions that could be more conducive, resulting in the conversion of sidewalks that are not suitable for their function into areas for street vendors and illegal parking, which hurts the interests of pedestrians. This study aims to provide design recommendations (prototype) based on PU regulation no. 02/SE/M/2018 about pedestrian facility standards. The methods used in this research are the Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) approach in evaluating the performance of pedestrian facilities, the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) approach in assessing pedestrian satisfaction, and providing design recommendations based on the results of the CSI analysis. The research results show that the PLOS value in existing conditions varies from A - to F, and the main variables that determine pedestrian satisfaction are cleanliness, safety, and lighting facilities. Based on the analysis of the results, the design recommendation is to adjust the geometry according to standards and emphasize the Provision of cleaning facilities (bins), lighting, and safety fences along pedestrian paths.

Evaluation of force pain thresholds to ensure collision safety in worker-robot collaborative operations.

With the growing demand for robots in the industrial field, robot-related technologies with various functions have been introduced. One notable development is the implementation of robots that operate in collaboration with human workers to share tasks, without the need of any physical barriers such as safety fences. The realization of such collaborative operations in practice necessitates the assurance of safety if humans and robots collide. Thus, it is important to establish criteria for such collision scenarios to ensure robot safety and prevent injuries. Collision safety must be ensured in both pinching (quasi-static contact) and impact (transient contact) situations. To this end, we measured the force pain thresholds associated with impacts and evaluated the biomechanical limitations. This measurements were obtained through clinical trials involving physical collisions between human subjects and a device designed for generating impacts, and the force pain thresholds associated with transient collisions between humans and robots were analyzed. Specifically, the force pain threshold was measured at two different locations on the bodies of 37 adults aged 19-32 years, using two impactors with different shapes. The force pain threshold was compared with the results of other relevant studies. The results can help identify biomechanical limitations in a precise and reliable manner to ensure the safety of robots in collaborative applications.

Development of Biomechanical Response Curves for the Calibration of Biofidelic Measuring Devices Used in Robot Collision Testing.

Collaborative robots (cobots) can be employed in close proximity to human workers without safety fences. The operation mode Power and Force Limiting requires that cobots not exceed the biomechanical limits of ISO/TS 15066 to ensure protection against injuries caused by collisions with them. Collision tests must be performed to prove that cobots cannot exceed the biomechanical limits. Such tests are performed with a biofidelic measuring device that measures contact forces and replicates the biomechanics of the human body. Biomechanical response curves serve as a reference for the calibration of such devices. In order to be able to compare measurements and limits correctly and reliably, the limits and response curves for calibration must be obtained from the same data with the same methodology. In this article, we present a new technique for developing biomechanical response curves, which employs a statistical model we used to calculate biomechanical limits for cobots in a previous study. This technique's development process entails normalizing the data over force, resampling them and then fitting the newly obtained samples to a log-normal distribution. The statistical model makes it possible to produce response curves for the same quantile we used for the limits. Our technique adds a confidence region around each response curve to express the sufficiency of the available data. We have produced response curves for 24 different body locations for which we have calculated limits. These curves will enable manufacturers of cobot testing equipment to calibrate their measuring devices precisely.

경찰관기동대의 현장대응력 제고 연구

The number of rallies and demonstrations in which police forces are mobilized is approximately 10,000 cases occurring every year and is not decreasing significantly. Meanwhile, the auxiliary police system was abolished in may 2023, and the replacement rate for the auxiliary police with the experience of riot police squads composed of qualified police officers has been found to be around 30%. In other words, we are faced with a reality where we lack experience in managing and responding to rallies and demonstrations. Although the 2024 Korea National Police Agency budget reflects the purchase of some equipment needed to manage rallies and demonstrations, there appears to be no plans to increase manpower for riot police officer. This study was conducted to improve the on-site response capabilities of the riot police squad at a time when qualitative preparation of the riot police squad was recently needed. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, survey data with guaranteed representativeness was used from September to October 2022, using current riot police officers as a population to determine organizational and work appropriateness as perceived by riot police officers, ways to improve on-site response capabilities, and necessary maneuver equipment etc. were checked. It was found that riot police officers in the Seoul area perceive that their workload was greater than that of other regions and the current staff was insufficient. In relation to improving on-site response capabilities, riot police officers recognized the need for equipment introduction, manpower expansion, education and training, and physical training in that order, and responded that equipment introduction should be the top priority. In addition, it was recognized that there was a high need for maneuver equipment that could replace career vehicles, such as sanitary vehicles, new steel and folding police-line, trailer-type safety fences, and barrier trucks. Considering these results, it was suggested that there is a need to prioritize regions with a high number of rallies and demonstrations to staff up experienced riot police officer, and to selectively provide necessary equipment for each region to improve on-site response capabilities.

Modeling the Contact Force in Constrained Human–Robot Collisions

Collaborative robots (cobots) become more and more important in industrial manufacturing as flexible companions, working side by side with humans without safety fences. A key challenge of such workplaces is to guarantee the safety of the human co-workers. The safeguarding Power and Force Limiting, as specified by ISO 10218-2 and ISO/TS 15066, has the objective to protect humans against robot collisions by preventing the robot from exceeding biomechanical limits. Unintended contact such as collisions can occur under unconstrained spatial conditions (a human body part can move freely) or constrained spatial conditions (a human body part is pinched). In particular, collisions under constrained conditions involve a high risk of injury and thus require the robot to stop immediately after detecting the collision. The robot’s speed has a significant influence on its stopping behavior, though, and thus on the maximum collision forces that the robot can exert on the human body. Consequently, a safe velocity is required that avoids the robot from exerting forces and pressures beyond the biomechanical limits. Today, such velocities can only be ascertained in costly robot experiments. In this article, we describe a model that enables us to determine the contact forces of a cobot as they occur in constrained collisions. Through simulations, it becomes possible to iteratively determine the maximum safe velocity for a specific contact hazard that occurs under constrained spatial conditions. Experimental tests with different cobots confirm the results of our model, albeit not for all robots. Despite the mixed test results, we strongly believe that our model can significantly improve the reliability of assumptions made today during the planning of cobots.

Rekomendasi Audit Keselamatan Jalan terhadap Bangunan Pelengkap dan Perlengkapan Jalan

This paper presents a literature review regarding road safety audit recommendations, which were published between 2014 – 2019. This study aims to conduct a literature review regarding road safety audits in various locations in Indonesia and then summarize conclusions based on the recommendations given in terms of auxiliary buildings and road equipment. From these results it can be seen the tendency of road safety audit recommendations to see the potential for traffic accidents. Qualitative method is the method used in this study, which examines the quality of relationships, situations, and activities. The results of safety recommendations from the road safety audit in terms of complementary buildings and road equipment, many recommendations are proposed based on the recommendations of the audit results, such as traffic signs, safety fences, road markings, street lighting devices, and facilities for pedestrians, for this reason it is necessary to emphasize planning consultants, service providers and owners related to the realization of these recommendations to reduce the potential for traffic accidents caused by a lack of complementary buildings and road equipment.

Exploring a cobot risk assessment approach combining FMEA and PRAT

AbstractCollaborative robots are an emerging technology falling within the scope of Industry 4.0 and based on the concept of Human‐Robot Collaboration (HRC). Unlike traditional industrial robots, collaborative robots are used in shared workspaces with no safety fences. Hence, prospective hazardous contacts need to be avoided or mitigated through a risk assessment. The normative standards such as ISO TS 15066 suggest a list of common hazards, but do not guide the robot system user through the risk assessment process. To address this shortcoming, this paper proposes a practical eight steps risk assessment approach, resulting in a risk priority list. In order to provide an accurate, practical, quantitative and supportive tool for HRC environments, the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the Proportional Risk Assessment technique (PRAT) techniques are proposed for risk assessment. The two techniques mentioned above are combined in the suggested new methodology, highlighting both their benefits and disadvantages. The proposed methodology is applied with positive results to a collaborative brick‐lifter case study.

Risk Journey Management on Travel Routes in Indonesia

In the last three years (2018 – 2020), on the tourist route of the Subang - Lembang road section, West Java, there have been 193 traffic accidents that caused a death toll of 28 people. The geographical condition of the Subang - Lembang road section is mountainous and gorge, so there are many climbs, descents, and bends. The purpose of this study is 1) to find out accident-prone points (blackspots), 2) to know the safety defense of road infrastructure and road equipment, and 3) to know the characteristics of vehicles involved in traffic accidents. This study used the method of several parameters of the number (rate) of accidents with data representing the condition, potential, and characteristics of accidents, road geometrics, and harmonization of the road equipment. The results showed three (3) points prone to traffic accidents (blackspots), namely on the Tangkuban Perahu - Cicenang, Ciater, and Cijambe - Gunungtua road segments. The highest infrastructure safety deficiency in the Ciater and Tangkuban Perahu – Cicenang segments (climbs and derivatives of emen) gradient conditions exceed the technical standard of 70%-100% with a gradient measurement result of 15.48% with a risk value of 500 and a Very Dangerous Risk (SB) category. Bend radius aspect with a measuring result of 19.45% with a risk value of 180 risk categories Quite Dangerous (CB). Meanwhile, other aspects are curve visibility, lane width and shoulder of the road, warning and prohibition signs, and inadequate guardrails or road user safety fences so that they have the potential for traffic accidents at these road points with a risk value of 320 and are in the Hazard category (B). Vehicles involved in traffic accidents are heavy and common types of vehicles.

Mobile coating process installation for road and urban infrastructure safety fences

Technical solutions are developed for a mobile installation for applying paint and varnish coatings on the safety fences of urban infrastructure. The proposed spray system provides high performance in the application of paints and varnishes and safety for the environment. Keywords: mobile installation, spray system, paintwork, nozzle, hydraulic cylinder. sveta_nes@mail.ru

Revitalisasi dan Pengembangan Ekonomi Desa Wisata Sidoharjo Samigaluh Kulon Progo

This community service program is Program Kemitraan Wilayah (PKW) scheme from the Ministry of Research and Technology / National Research and Innovation Agency, Deputy for Strengthening Research and Development. The location of the devotion in the village of Sidoharjo Samigaluh subdistrict Kulon Progo D.I Yogyakarta. The implementation of PKW was carried out by Janabdara University ( proposing college) in collaboration with AMPTA Tourism High School (partner college) and the Regional Government of Kulon Progo district. Problems that have been identified at the location of PKW service in Sidoharjo village of Samigaluh district of Kulon Progo district include :(1) lack of accessibility to tourist destinations (tourism support infrastructure) ;(2) has not been optimal for creative economic development with the utilization of local resources; (3) The potential of agricultural products has not been optimized; (4) Art, culture still needs to be accompanied and optimized. The realization of the devotion program includes the construction of footpaths and safety fences to the top of Gunung Kendil, the creation of selfie spots (self-photos), the construction of gazebos. In addition, training and practice are also carried out for the development of the creative economy (culinary sector) namely by making various snacks that utilize local ingredients, namely taro, cassava, and Regedek leaves. In the field of culture is carried out rejuvenation a set of gamelan. In this service program, socialization is also carried out about the PIRT licensing process for people who already have many household businesses (home industry).

Updating Highways England's structures standards – an overview

This paper provides background and an overview to the review of Highways England's Design Manual for Roads and Bridges and highlights key changes to the structures documents, identifying the benefits from the updates to the documents and the challenges faced during the review process. Technical changes to a number of structures documents are also briefly covered in the paper, including aesthetics, safety fences and parapets and cathodic protection. Some further information is provided on technical approval procedures which help clients assure that the design of structures is being appropriately managed and that possible risks to highway users and others are minimised. The paper also looks at the next steps that Highways England will undertake in modernising its suite of contract documents. Related papers in the special issue will explain the background to other key standards, and identify significant technical changes.

A Study on the Necessity of Regulations on Event SAFETY Fence

Purpose: Safety Accidents have caused many victims and injuries around the world at various Events held by crowds. The importance of safety did not start yesterday, it will be even more important in Event venues crowded with the multitude. Method: Therefore, in this study, Event-related accidents occurred in Korea were examined, and Safety Fences, which play an important role of safety facilities at Events, were examined to prevent recurrence of similar accidents. Results: Safety Accidents have occurred due to various Events due to the development of local selfgovernment and the Performance culture industry. There is a need to establish standards for Safety Fences in preparation for Safety Accidents at Events. Conclusion: When it is necessary to establish the standards for Safety Fences in consideration of the behavioral characteristics of the audience according to the characteristics of the Event, and it is necessary to establish a standard for proper use of products capable of bearing weights of load strength.

ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗМІЩЕННЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ НА ТЕРИТОРІЯХ ЗІ СКЛАДНИМ РЕЛЬЄФОМ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПІВДЕННОЇ УКРАЇНИ

ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗМІЩЕННЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ НА ТЕРИТОРІЯХ ЗІ СКЛАДНИМ РЕЛЬЄФОМ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПІВДЕННОЇ УКРАЇНИ

The Long and Winding Road to Symbiotic Wearable Robotics [Young Professionals

Reports on the market for wearable robotics and discusses applications for its use. Among the new frontiers of research, wearable robotics is increasingly prominent. Robots and humans have often represented two entities that exist without sharing common spaces (as in the industrial realm where humans and robots are separated by safety fences), but the road taken envisions a future where artificial and biological systems aim at a truly symbiotic interaction. Wearable robotics has been expanding in several areas, embracing the civilian and industrial domains. The adoption of smart spring-loaded mechanisms and new materials comprising polymers, carbon fibers, and textiles, complemented with novel smart sensing- actuation and human-in-the-loop control strategies, is opening a wide scenario where the exoskeletons and exosuits market is expected to grow to US$5.2 billion by 2025.

PERENCANAAN TROTOAR DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN PEJALAN KAKI

A safe, convenient, and comfortable pedestrian network in the Kebon Nanas area is an important component that should be provided to improve the effectiveness of citizen mobility. Currently the availability of pedestrian network has not been able to meet the needs of the community both in terms of quantity and standard provision. The purpose of this research is to identify the need for revitalization of pavement in the area around IPN, Kebon Nanas East Jakarta. The approach method used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis through direct measurement method in the field by Traffic Counting (TC) for vehicles and pedestrians, through which the study is reviewed based on development criteria. Sampling was conducted on eight points. The conclusions of this study are (1) the traffic volume in the vicinity of the IPN road is high enough for a community road class, while the pavement capacity is not standardized, thus affecting the safety and safety of pedestrians; (2) Based on field measurements, the number of pedestrians is very minimal, 2 persons/ minute/ meter, but it is necessary to revitalize to obtain adequate capacity according to the volume of pedestrians by considering safety and security; (3) Planning of pedestrian facility requirement in IPN and surrounding roads includes green lines, lighting, seating, safety fences, garbage cans, markers, shophouses and traffic signs.

SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT AT AUTOMATED WORKPLACE

Urgency of the research. Automated workplaces are growing up in present, especially with implementation of industrial robots with feasibility of various dispositions, where safety and risk assessment is considered as most important issues. Target setting. The protection of workers must be at the first place, therefore safety and risk assessment at automated workplaces is most important problematic, which had presented in this article Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Actual research is much more focused at standard workplaces without industrial robots. So, missing of information from the field of automated workplaces in connection with various dispositions can be considered as added value of article. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Despite to lot of general safety instructions in this area, still is missed clear view only at automated workplace with industrial robots. The research objective. The aim of article is to provide general instructions directly from the field of automated workplaces The statement of basic materials. For success realization of automated workplace is good to have a helping hand and orientation requirements needed for risk assessment at the workplace. Conclusions. The results published in this article increase the awareness and information of such automated workplaces, together with industrial robots. In addition, presented general steps and requirements helps persons for better realization of these types of workplaces, where major role takes an industrial robot. Our proposed solution can be considered as relevant base for risk assessment such workplaces with safety fences or light barriers.

Aerodynamics of Long-Span Bridges: Susceptibility to Snow and Ice Accretion

AbstractPorous safety fences are increasingly being incorporated into the deck furniture at or near the edges of many long-span bridges, and these tall fences (often 3–4 m high) may become blocked ...

Evaluation of head-collision safety of a 7-DOF manipulator according to posture variation

As the need for the improvement of the productivity in the manufacturing process grows, industrial robots are brought out of the safety fences and used in the direct collaborative operation with human workers. Consequently, the intended and/or unintended contact between the human and the robot in the collaborative operation is no longer an extraordinary event and is a mundane possibility. The level of the risk of the collision depends on various quantities associated with the collision, for example, inertia, velocity, stiffness, and so on. MSI (manipulator safety index) which is based on HIC (head injury criteria) conventionally used in the automotive industry is one of the practically available measures to estimate the risk of the collision between the human and the manipulator. In this paper MSI is applied to evaluate the collision safety of a 7-DOF articulated human-arm-like manipulator. The risk of the collision could be reduced by choosing different postures without deviating from the given end-effector trajectory using the redundant degree of freedom in the 7-DOF manipulator. The paper shows how the redundant degree of the freedom is utilized to design safer trajectories and/or safer manipulator configurations among many available. A parametric analysis and simulation results for a given trajectory illustrate the usefulness of the concept of the trajectory design for alleviating the risk of the manipulator operation in the human–robot coexisting workspace.

노측용가드레일 충돌 시 연석의 영향을 고려하기 위한 시뮬레이션 데이터의 중첩

국내 도심지 도로나 국도, 고속도로의 대부분 구간에 설치된 노측용가드레일은 연석의 뒤에 이격 설치된 경우가 많다. 이러한 구간에서 차량이 베리어와 충돌할 때 연석의 형태와 차량의 충돌속도 및 각도에 따라 차량이 크게 요동친 후 베리어에 충돌하므로 차량과 베리어의 초기 충돌 조건이 평지에서 실시되는 베리어의 성능검증을 위한 충돌시험과 다르게 되어 탑승자 안전도 및 차량거동이 변하게 된다. 국내에서는 연석 없이 평지실험을 통과한 가드레일이 대부분 연석 뒤에 이격 시공되어 왔기 때문에 연석으로부터 이격 설치된 가드레일에 충돌하는 경우와 연석 없이 평지에 설치된 가드레일에 충돌하는 경우 차량의 거동과 탑승자 안전도 측면에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 검토와 대책이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 LS-DYNA프로그램을 이용하여 평지에 설치된 가드레일에 대한 충돌, 연석에 대한 충돌, 연석 뒤에 이격 설치된 가드레일에 대한 충돌시뮬레이션을 실시하고 이로부터 연석에 대한 충돌 데이터와 연석 없는 평지에 설치된 가드레일에 충돌하는 충돌 데이터를 중첩하여 연석 뒤에 이격시공 된 베리어 충돌에 대한 추정데이터를 만들고 이를 연석 뒤에 이격 시공된 가드레일에 충돌하는 차량의 데이터와 비교 분석하여 추정데이터의 타당성을 논의하였다. Most of the domestic urban streets, arterial roads and highways have roadside guardrail with curbs in front. In the area, when a car leaves traffic lane, the car will hit the curb first subsequently hitting the guardrail with very unstable turbulence caused by the prior curb hit resulting in very different vehicle motion and passenger safety compared with the same impact but to a fence installed without curb in front. Since safety fences in Korea are impact tested without curb but installed with curb on the road, differences in vehicle motion and passenger safety those two fences make need to be studied and measure to reduce the gap between the two different installation conditions have to be sought out. For that end, LS-DYNA simulations are made for an impact to safety fence installed without curb, impact to elevated sidewalk with curb, impact to safety fence installed offset backward from roadside curb are made. Then, estimation of vehicle data for the impacts to safety fence with curb by superimposing vehicle data of impact to fence without curb upon that of impact to elevated sidewalk with curb. The estimation by superposing two impact data is compared with the data of impact to safety fence with curb in front, and acceptability of the estimation method is discussed.