Safety Culture Maturity Model Research Articles

A multi-level safety culture maturity model for (new) building projects in Hong Kong

Ninety-two per cent of industrial fatal accidents in Hong Kong in 2021 were attributed to the construction industry. Previous construction safety culture studies focused on projects as a singular organisation. Studies in building projects from a multitier perspective merit further examination. This study develops a safety culture maturity (SCM) framework to assess (new) building projects in Hong Kong at three levels: Client Safety Culture (CSC), Main Contractor Safety Culture (MSC) and Subcontractor Safety Culture (SSC). A closed question survey (N-31) incorporating subculture constructs (Informed, Just, Reporting, Learning and Flexible Cultures) with Hudson’s safety culture ladder (Pathogenic, Reactive, Calculative, Proactive and Generative Cultures) is conducted. The findings reveal: CSC (Mean: 3.55, SD: 0.512), MSC (Mean: 3.71, SD: 0.311) and SSC (Mean: 1.90, SD: 0.605). Kruskal-Wallis One-Way-ANOVA shows that the mean maturity value of three organisations are unequal (χ² = 53.8, df: 2, p: < 0.001). A SCM framework is designed for (new) building projects related to near misses and accidents. It would not be applicable to health-related, workplace violence, burglary and accidents outside construction-related activities. This is the first study to examine the safety culture maturity at three organisational levels. The study recommends improving project-based SCM by intervening and aligning individual levels between CSC, MSC and SSC.

Assessment of health and safety culture maturity level in the shipping industry in Surabaya

Introduction: OHS culture can contribute to achieving productivity and zero accidents. Without a safety culture in workers, no matter how well the system or structure is designed and how sophisticated the safety devices are, there is no functioning due to the things underlying human behavior. This study aims to evaluate the description of the level of OHS cultural maturity using SCMM (Safety Culture Maturity Model). Method: This study uses a descriptive quantitative design with a cross sectional approach. The population used is all permanent workers of the Commercial Ship Division in the Shipping Industry, numbered 173. The total sample of all workers is 34 people using a non-probability sampling method. The variables of this study were 10 components of SCMM. The instrument used is a questionnaire sheet based on the SCMM (Safety Culture Maturity Model). Result: The results showed that the components of management, commitment and visibility showed a value of 2.82, communication a value of 3.12, productivity versus safety a value of 3.94, learning organization a value of 4.44, safety resources a value of 3.26, participation value of 4.12, shared perceptions about safety score 4.88, trust value 3.88, industrial relations and job satisfaction score 4.38, and training value 3.70. Conclusion: The conclusion in this study shows the level of maturity of OHS culture at the Shipping Industry has a final average score of 3.85 at the level involving. The advice is to increase the level of OHS culture by evaluating the fulfillment of the target of management visits to the field, evaluating OHS media, evaluating the fulfillment of safety patrols or visiting the OHS team to indoor places.

A systematic characterization of food safety training interventions using the analyze, design, develop, implement, evaluate (ADDIE) instructional design framework

Food safety training designed systematically to impact the intended target audience is a vital part of maintaining a safe food system. The objective of this systematic review of peer-reviewed studies was to assess how current food safety training programs analyzed the needs of the target audience and how those trainings were designed, developed, implemented, and evaluated. The goal was to identify training design strategies that effectively impact safe food handling behaviors of food processors. Twenty-three peer reviewed studies evaluating the impact of food safety training on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of food handlers were identified and included in this study. Twenty-two (5/23) percent of the studies reported performing a needs analysis prior to developing training, mainly to gather demographic data on the target audience. The majority of the interventions were face-to-face (83%, 19/23), followed a behaviorist framework (52%, 12/23) and lasted less than 8 hours (43%, 10/23; 30%, 7/23 did not report length of training). Little information was reported on which tools were used to develop training. The evaluation design for the majority of the training programs followed an uncontrolled before and after design (65%, 15/23), 9% (2/23) were non-randomized controlled trials, and 26% (6/23) were randomized controlled trials. All of the studies included in this review evaluated one, two, or all three of the key learning outcomes, i.e., knowledge (83%, 19/23), attitudes (30%, 7/23), and behaviors (70%, 16/23). It was impossible to compare the effectiveness of the training interventions to each other due to high bias and the fact that not all were evaluated using the same methods. However, it appeared that training did have the greatest impact on knowledge and a lesser impact on attitudes and behaviors. Few studies reported performing follow-up testing to measure retention. The results of this study indicate that a systematic approach is not being taken in designing most food safety training. If food safety training programs are developed in a more systematic way, and evaluations are performed to at least Kirkpatrick Level 3, it appears there is potential for that training to become more impactful with regard to positive changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. A discussion and illustration of how training fits into the Food Safety Culture Maturity Model was provided.

A bibliometric analysis on safety culture maturity model

The effectiveness of the occupational health and safety management system came under criticism for its inability to reduce work accidents effectively. Consequently, a new approach, the safety culture approach, emerged. One noteworthy development in safety culture research is the safety culture maturity model. This study briefly overviews recent progress in the safety culture maturity model. To assess the model's current status and development trends, a bibliometric analysis approach was employed, utilizing journal articles listed in Scopus and Pubmed.The maturity model for safety culture is an evolving area of research, primarily focused on the construction sector but progressively extending to diverse industrial domains beyond high-risk companies. The predominant research involves the development of maturity models, with only a limited portion dedicated to assessing the model's validity and reliability, exploring connections between maturity measurements, safety performance, and overall organizational effectiveness. The multitude of safety culture definitions influences the use of diverse dimensions in assessing work culture. Typically, a five-level maturity scale with various labels is employed in these studies.

Safety culture maturity measurement methods: A systematic literature review

Evidence from past research studies indicated that the maturity model had been used to measure safety culture in organisations. Safety Culture Maturity Model (SCMM) was the step taken by numerous organisations to attain better safety practices. This study aimed to review their approach to measure safety culture by the generative systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Guided by PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), the systematic review was based on two main journal databases, namely Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), with two additional resources; Science Direct and EBSCO database. Accordingly, the search query efforts resulted in a total of twenty-nine (29) articles that could be analysed systematically. Most importantly, the review managed to formulate four main themes, namely maturity level development method, dimension identification, measurement tools, and publication categories. Overall, further analysis of the four themes resulted in the establishment of a total of 16 sub-themes. From the review, the studies found that each industry chooses different methods to develop or adapt the safety culture maturity measurement. The maturity measurement constructs had chosen to focus on specific requirements and objectives of the organisation and the worker's needs in their selections.In conclusion, systematic review in this current research study is limited and represented publications retrieved from only four databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and EBSCO. Future studies are suggested to embark on more extensive search queries on other support databases to make further explorations on various methods involved in the SCMM development, evaluation, or applications across the industries.

KAJIAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS MODEL TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BUDAYA KESELAMATAN (SAFETY CULTURE MATURITY MODEL) DI BERBAGAI SEKTOR INDUSTRI - SISTEMATIK REVIEW

The importance of assessing the maturity level of safety culture has been a concern in various industrial sectors and studied by many researchers. Frameworks for measuring safety culture maturity have been developed and varied. The purpose of this study is to review the basic and conceptual development of safety culture maturity levels from various industrial sectors, as well as provide an overview of information on how the development model is used. This study is a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta Analysis (PRISMA) method. The databases used in searching the data are Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used are safety culture maturity, safety culture maturity model, and safety maturity level by producing articles that are relevant to the purpose of the literature study as many as 23 publications were reviewed. Based on the results of the literature review, the methods used in developing, evaluating and implementing safety culture maturity levels are literature review, interviews, matrices, expert or expert consultation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), questionnaires, audit documents, score cards or assessments, accident data. , and some are not reported. Most of the publications in the review sample were included in developments whose main objective was to build a model of the maturity level of safety culture in each industrial sector application. This systematic review found that the analysis of the maturity assessment identified the level of safety culture maturity that varied with each model development.  Keywords        : Safety culture , Maturity model, Industry Â

Contribution of PCA/K-means methods to the mixed assessment of patient safety culture

PurposeThe assessment of patient safety culture (PSC) is a major priority for healthcare providers. It is often realized using quantitative approaches (questionnaires) separately from qualitative ones (patient safety culture maturity model (PSCMM)). These approaches suffer from certain major limits. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to overcome these limits and to propose a novel approach to PSC assessment.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed approach consists of evaluating PSC in a set of healthcare establishments (HEs) using the HSOPSC questionnaire. After that, principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means algorithm were applied on PSC dimensional scores in order to aggregate them into macro dimensions. The latter were used to overcome the limits of PSC dimensional assessment and to propose a quantitative PSCMM.FindingsPSC dimensions are grouped into three macro dimensions. Their capitalization permits their association with safety actors related to PSC promotion. Consequently, a quantitative PSC maturity matrix was proposed. Problematic PSC dimensions for the studied HEs are “Non-punitive response to error”, “Staffing”, “Communication openness”. Their PSC maturity level was found underdeveloped due to a managerial style that favors a “blame culture”.Originality/valueA combined quali-quantitative assessment framework for PSC was proposed in the present study as recommended by a number of researchers but, to the best of our knowledge, few or no studies were devoted to it. The results can be projected for improvement and accreditation purposes, where different PSC stakeholders can be implicated as suggested by international standards.

Risk Perceptions and Safety Cultures in the Handling of Nanomaterials in Academia and Industry.

ObjectivesWork and research with nanomaterials (NMs) has primarily focused on innovation, toxicity, governance, safety management tools, and public perceptions. The aim of this study was to identify academia and industry occupational safety and health (OSH) managers’ perceptions and handling of NMs, in relation to safety culture.MethodsSemistructured interviews were carried out with OSH managers at six academic institutions and six industrial companies. The interview statements were coded into five topics regarding NMs: risk comprehension, information gathering, actions, communication, and compliance. The statements were then coded according to a five-step safety culture maturity model reflecting increasing occupational safety maturity from passive, to reactive, active, proactive, and exemplary occupational safety.ResultsThe safety culture maturity of the academic institutions were primarily active and proactive, whereas the industry group were primarily active and reactive. None of the statements were rated as exemplary, with the majority reflecting an active safety culture. The topics varied from a passive approach of having no focus on NMs and regarding risks as a part of the job, to applying proactive measures in the design, production, application, and waste management phases. Communication and introduction to OSH issues regarding NMs as well as compliance provided challenges in both academia and industry, given the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity of students/staff and employees. Workplace leaders played a crucial role in establishing a legitimate approach to working safely with NMs, however, the currently available OSH information for NMs were described as insufficient, impractical, and inaccessible. There was an embedded problem in solely relying on safety data sheets, which were often not nanospecific, as this may have led to underprotection.ConclusionsThere is a need for more structured, up-to-date, easily accessible, and user-friendly tools and information regarding toxicity and threshold limit values, relevant OSH promotion information, legislation, and other rules. The study underscores the need for politicians and engineers to collaborate with communication experts and both natural and social scientists in effectively framing information on NMs. Such a collaboration should allow for flexible deployment of multilevel and integrated safety culture initiatives to support sustainable nanotechnology and operational excellence.

Rating and characterization of an organization’s safety culture to improve performance

Health and safety (H&S) performance improvement in construction organizations is unlikely if culture is not improved. Despite the acknowledgement that culture improvement results in better H&S performance or behavior, there is still no consensus on how to measure and improve H&S culture in an organization. The study therefore aimed to characterize and rate construction organizations’ H&S culture using existing H&S culture models and to determine the level on the safety culture maturity model (SCMM) and its relationship with H&S behavior in the organizations. Empirical data were collected using questionnaires distributed in three provinces in South Africa. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, to output mean scores, standard deviation and Pearson's correlation values. The study revealed a strong correlation between an organization’s leadership, involvement, procedures, commitment, communication and competence (LIP +3C) and the Safety Culture Maturity as well as behavior. These findings demonstrate that improving the level of factors characterized by the LIP +3C model would lead to improving H&S performance as evidenced on the SCMM model and the exhibited behavior in workers and management. Cultural progress and maturity can be tracked using the SCMM model.

안전문화 평가방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to identify issues for an effective safety culture assessment by conducting a case study of an electronics manufacturing plant in Korea. Cooper’s safety culture model was used as the assessment method, and Fleming and Hudson’s safety culture maturity models were applied as assessment criteria. The results of the safety culture assessment showed that there needs to be a design optimized for study purposes. For example, the correlation between the questionnaire survey and in-depth interview needs to be analyzed. The result of the behavior monitoring should show the relationships with other dimensions. A safety culture maturity model has to be developed to customize the study factors and questions.

Measurement of food safety culture using survey and maturity profiling tools

Organizational culture is defined by dimensions and characteristics that can be used to measure food safety culture in food manufacturing through a food safety maturity model. Maturity models from quality, health care, and information technology have been used since early 1970 and this work presents a novel food safety culture maturity model with five capability areas and food safety pinpointed behaviours specific to functions and levels in a food manufacturing company. A survey tool linked to the model is used to measure a company's position within the maturity model framework. The method was tested with a Canadian food manufacturer and proved valuable to measure food safety culture across the five capability areas, which provides the manufacturer with a map for prioritizing future efforts to strengthen food safety culture.

Enterprise development through the safety culture maturity model

The research aims to provide a roadmap for implementing a safety culture maturity model or SCMM which is critical for enterprise development today. The research methodology consists of two phases. The first phase involves an in-depth study into one oil and gas company as a baseline case. This case helps endorse the seven safety components for the implementation of the SCMM in an enterprise. The second phase compares the baseline case's results with industrial practices. During this phase, the principal component analysis is applied for this comparison. The experts that participated in this second phase helped to verify these findings and to further assist in developing a checklist. For this study, the roadmap consists of the safety components and the checklist. Finally, this research contributes to enterprise development due to the emerging importance of occupational safety and health.

The Development of a Railway Safety Maturity Model and Estimate Procedures

안전한 철도운영환경을 조성하기 위해 개정된 철도안전법은 사고예방 및 사전적 철도안전관리를 위해 철도종합안전관리체계 구축 및 안전승인 심사 제도를 필요로 하고 있다. 그러나 아무리 좋은 제도와 시스템이 있어도 조직 내에 적절한 수준의 안전문화가 정착되지 않고서는 그러한 제도와 안전관리체계가 성공적으로 자리 잡기 어렵다. 국내 철도분야의 안전문화성숙을 측정할 수 있는 모델과 방법론이 부재한 상황에서 본 연구는 안전문화 성숙을 평가할 수 있는 모델과 그 절차를 검토하고 국내 철도운영환경에 적합한 안전요소 위계 설정과 적절한 설문구성 방법 및 통계적 절차를 제시 하였다. 향후 이러한 절차를 활용한 철도안전문화 성숙 평가 결과는 2014년부터 시행될 철도안전운영 사전승인제도와 결합하여 취약한 안전문화 분야와 그에 적절한 처방을 찾는데 기여할 것이다. The newly updated Rail Safety Act is required to build a comprehensive railway safety management system with corresponding accreditation regulations for the purpose of safe railway operations. However, such efforts would not be enough to achieve a successful safety-performance solely without being in place of an appropriate level of safety cultures in an organization. No research was taken place to propose a safety culture maturity model and its estimate procedures in Korean railway industries. The research reviews a variety of safety maturity models applied in many other industries and the process of conducting surveys in order to propose a framework of railway safety maturity estimates, with a set of railway safety elements. This research is expected to contribute in diagnosing weak areas and finding their appropriate treatment, along with in placing the railway safety certificate program from 2014.

A safety culture maturity model for petrochemical companies in Brazil

A framework to measure safety culture maturity in the Brazilian oil and gas companies was formulated based on the model of Hudson (2001). Following a review of the safety culture literature, a questionnaire was designed to measure five aspects of organisational safety indicative of five levels of cultural maturity. The questionnaire was completed by the safety managers of 23 petrochemical companies based in Camacari, Bahia, Brazil and they were interviewed one month later. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by asking the same questions in an interview and comparing the results (alternate forms reliability). The correlation coefficients between the questionnaire and interview scores on each dimension ranged from r = 0.7 to 0.9, demonstrating good reliability of the measures used. The research findings demonstrated that the 23 companies studied showed characteristics of different levels of safety culture maturity. Most scores were at the level of proactive. The model of Hudson (2001) and the revised framework and questionnaire were found to be practical to use, making it possible to identify levels of safety culture maturity in the context of the Brazilian petrochemical industry.