Safety Culture Index Research Articles

Psychometric Properties of a Safety Culture Index among Mental Health Workers in Ghana

Safety culture among mental health workers is essential, especially in developing countries where workplace safety seems neglected. However, few studies have provided detailed psychometric analyses of convenient safety instruments with practical relevance for the healthcare industry in the Sub-Saharan African context. We sampled 574 (54.4 % females, 45.6 % males) mental health workers from three Specialist Psychiatric Teaching Hospitals in Ghana. Initially, we collected data using adapted items from Edkins and Coakes’ 25-item Airline Safety Culture Index (ASCI). Consequently, we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares estimator. We also used the item reduction analysis (Gradual Response Model) to reduce the adapted 25-item scale to 11 items (Modified Safety Culture Index, MSCI- 11). Finally, we conducted reliability analyses (alpha and omega) for the MSCI-11. We observed that the data in the CFA showed adequate fit indices [χ2 (df = 44, N = 574) = 223.752, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.975; TLI = 0.968; RM- SEA = 0.084 (CI 90 % 0.074- 0.096); SRMR = 0.063]. The MSCI- 11 is parsimonious and has good reliability estimates [α = 0.853 (95 % CI 0.835 – 0.870) and ω = 0.853 (95 % CI 0.837- 0.087)]. Future studies should use additional cross-validation in other high-risk jobs to generalise the new scale.

The impact of Illinois’ comprehensive handheld phone ban on talking on handheld and handsfree cellphones while driving

Introduction: Distracted driving has been linked to multiple driving decrements and is responsible for thousands of motor-vehicle fatalities annually. Most U.S. states have enacted restrictions on cellphone use while driving, the strictest of which prohibit any manual operation of a cellphone while driving. Illinois enacted such a law in 2014. To better understand how this law affected cellphone behaviors while driving, associations between Illinois’ handheld phone ban and self-reported talking on handheld, handsfree, and any cellphone (handheld or handsfree) while driving were estimated. Methods: Data from annual administrations of the Traffic Safety Culture Index from 2012–2017 in Illinois and a set of control states were leveraged. The data were cast into a difference-in-differences (DID) modeling framework, which compared Illinois to control states in terms of pre- to post-intervention changes in the proportion of drivers who self-reported the three outcomes. Separate models for each outcome were fit, and additional models were fit to the subset of drivers who talk on cellphones while driving. Results: In Illinois, the pre- to post-intervention decrease in the drivers’ probability of self-reporting talking on a handheld phone was significantly more extreme than that of drivers in control states (DID estimate −0.22; 95% CI −0.31, −0.13). Among drivers who talk on cellphones while driving, those in Illinois exhibited a more extreme increase in the probability of talking on a handsfree phone while driving than those control states (DID estimate 0.13; 95% CI 0.03, 0.23). Conclusions: These results suggest that Illinois’ handheld phone ban reduced talking on handheld phones while driving among study participants. They also corroborate the hypothesis that the ban promoted substitution from handheld to handsfree phones among drivers who talk on the phone while driving. Practical Applications: These findings should encourage other states to enact comprehensive handheld phone bans to improve traffic safety.

Talking on hands-free and handheld cellphones while driving in association with handheld phone bans

Introduction: Concurrent use of a cellphone while driving impairs driving abilities, and studies of policy effectiveness in reducing distracted driving have yielded mixed results. Furthermore, few studies have considered how hands-free phone use associates with handheld phone bans. It is not clear whether hand-held phone bans dissuade some drivers from using the phone while driving completely, or whether it simply promotes a shift to hands-free use. The present study estimates the association between handheld phone policies and self-reported talking on hands-free and handheld cellphones while driving. Methods: Our data consisted of 16,067 respondents to annual administrations of the Traffic Safety Culture Index from 2012-2017. Our primary exposure variable was handheld phone policy, and our primary outcome variables were self-reported talking on any phone, self-reported talking on a handheld phone, and self-reported talking on a hands-free phone while driving. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios of the outcomes associated with handheld phone bans via modified Poisson regression. Results: Drivers in states with handheld bans were 13% less likely to self-report talking on any type of cellphone (handheld or hands-free) while driving. When broken down by cellphone type, drivers in states with handheld bans were 38% less likely to self-report talking on a handheld phone and 10% more likely to self-report talking on a hands-free phone while driving. Conclusions: Handheld phone bans were associated with more self-reported talking on hands-free phones and less talking on handheld phones, consistent with a substitution hypothesis. Handheld bans were also associated with less talking on any phone while driving, supporting a net safety benefit. Practical Applications: In the absence of a national ban on handheld phone use while driving, our study supports state handheld phone bans to deter distracted driving and improve traffic safety.

System Model of Shipping Enterprise Safety Culture Based on Dynamic Calculation Matrix Model

Abstract This paper establishes shipping enterprises’ safety culture system model based on the dynamic calculation matrix model. This paper calculates the deep learning theory’s shipping safety early warning system. At the same time, we use the fuzzy evaluation method to establish the relevant weights of the safety culture index system. The method model mentioned in this paper effectively avoids the subjectivity of the pure expert evaluation method. We use experimental simulations to verify the effectiveness of our model. Experiments show that the system in this paper has the advantages of reliable prediction results and high precision.

Methodology for the Determination of a Process Safety Culture Index and Safety Culture Maturity Level in Industries.

A mature of safety culture is crucial to preventing and mitigating accidents, incidents, and unsafe behaviors in the process industry, so as to make it more sustainable and economically responsible. Measurement, investigation, and assessment of the safety culture using interviews, questionnaires, behavior observation, reviewing documentation, and its impact on the safety performances of an organization is complicated, challenging, and requires a commitment to all employees. The aim of this study was to propose a novel, unique semi-quantitative methodology for the determination of a total process safety culture index and parametric model of process safety culture maturity in an organization based on the Bradley model. The methodology includes a questionnaire concerning different process safety culture factors, calculation procedures, and a graphical tool. In addition, three quantitative survey indicators were proposed: indicators of direct communication, average communication time, and the applicability rate of the proposed changes by employees. A fully-developed total process safety culture index allows for identifying, hierarchizing, and benchmarking different factors of the safety culture among companies and sectors. Moreover, it will enable identifying the area of actions required to improve safety practices and elements applied to the organization analyzed. The proposed methodology was verified in a case study of one energy company with three locations in Poland and can be easily applied to different industrial fields, including logistics and warehousing, the food industry, the paper industry, security services, fire services, and environmental and other agencies.

Predictors of patient safety culture in hospitals in Venezuela: A cross-sectional study.

An organization's culture with regard to patient safety is important because it defines the beliefs and practices of the organization, and consequently its efficiency and productivity.Knowing the level of this and the factors that influence or not their dynamic represents a challenge, due to the degree of complexity and specificity of the elements involved.The aim of this study was to analyze predictors of patient safety culture in public and private hospitals and examining the factors that contribute to it, constructing a new and specific theoretical and methodological model.This study was carried out by reviewing medical records, detecting healthcare professionals directly involved in caring (N = 588), for patients in 2 public hospitals and 2 private hospitals in Venezuela (N = 566), conducting an “Analysis of Patient Safety Culture” questionnaire. The results were subsequently analyzed, derived 3 predictors factors and using a Patient Safety Culture Index (PSCI) for specific determination to evaluate patient safety culture level.The analysis showed that all hospitals had a “moderately unfavorable” PSCI (public = 52.96, private = 52.67, sig = 0.90). The PSCI was calculated by assessing the weight of the following factors in the index: occupational factors (factor loading = 32.03), communication factors (factor loading = 11.83), and organizational factors (factor loading = 9.10). Traumatology presented the lowest PSCI of all the care units, falling into the “unfavorable” category (36.48), and Laboratory the highest (70.02) (sig = 0.174), falling into the “moderately favorable” category. When analyzing professional groups, nurses had the highest PSCI, with a “moderately unfavorable” rating (PSCI = 61.1) and medical residents the lowest, falling into the “unfavorable” category (35.2). Adverse event reporting is determined by “management expectations and actions” (sig = 0.048) and “direct interaction with the patient” (sig = 0.049).The use of this theoretical and methodological approach in other contexts may provide a more objective system for identifying more specific needs and factors that influence in patient safety culture, and consequently, opportunities for improvement when constructing a patient safety culture in healthcare institutions. Efforts need to be made to improve safety culture in the hospitals studied, irrespective of whether they are public or private.

Support for distracted driving laws: An analysis of adolescent drivers from the Traffic Safety Culture Index from 2011 to 2017

IntroductionAdolescent drivers are often the focus of traffic safety legislation as they are at increased risk for crash-related injury and death. However, the degree to which adolescents support distracted driving laws and factors contributing to their support are relatively unknown. Using a large, nationally weighted sample of adolescent drivers in the United States, we assessed if perceived threat from other road users’ engagement in distracted driving, personal engagement in distracted driving behaviors, and the presence of state distracted driving laws was associated with support for distracted driving laws. MethodsThe sample included 3565 adolescents (aged 16–18) who participated in the Traffic Safety Culture Index survey from 2011 to 2017. A modified Poisson regression model with robust errors was fit to the weighted data to examine support for distracted driving laws. Models included age, gender, year, state distracted driving laws, personal engagement in distracted driving behavior, and perceived threat from other road users’ engaging in distracted driving. ResultsApproximately 87% of adolescents supported a law against texting and emailing compared to 66% who supported a universal handheld cellphone law. Support for distracted driving legislation was associated with greater perceived threat of other road users engaging in distracted driving while accounting for personal engagement in distracted driving, state distracted driving laws, and developmental covariates. DiscussionGreater understanding of the factors behind legislative support is needed. Public health interventions focused on effectively translating the risks of cellphone use while driving and effective policy will further improve the traffic safety culture.

해양안전문화 확산을 위한 정책 제언 : 해양안전문화지수 분석을 중심으로

안전문화는 안전을 실천하는 의식, 안전을 유도하는 제도, 안전을 가능하게 하는 인프라가 결합해 만들어 내는 사회적, 문화적 산물이다. 안전문화를 확산하기 위해서 는 안전의식을 개선하고 안전을 위한 행동의 변화를 끌어내는 안전문화 활동이 필요 하다. 이러한 안전문화 활동에 활용하고자 안전문화지수가 개발·활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해양안전문화 활동 추진 방안을 모색하고자 해양안전문화지수를 분석하 고 해양안전에 대한 제안 내용을 텍스트 마이닝으로 분석하였다. 일반 국민은 해양 에 대한 관심과 이해가 전반적으로 낮고 우리나라 해양안전문화 실태에 대해서는 보 통 이하로 낮게 평가하였다. 일반 국민 비교 집단별로 살펴보면 남성은 여성보다 해 양 관련 경험과 이해가 높지만, 안전수칙과 해양안전의식은 낮았고, 연령대별로는 세 대 차가 많이 날수록 해양에 대한 관심과 안전의식 정도에 차이가 있으며 나이가 많 을수록 점수가 높았다. 권역별로는 해양에 대한 경험을 제외하고 차이가 없었다. 해 양안전에 대한 제안 내용을 살펴보면 해양안전 교육과 체험, 홍보를 강화하여 안전 의식을 개선해야 하며, 전문 인력을 확충하고 제도를 강화해야 한다는 의견이 많았 다. 해양수산부에서 해양안전문화 확산을 위한 전략을 수립하고, 학교에서의 안전교 육이 의무화되었음에도 국민의 해양안전 교육 경험이 낮은 이유는 해양안전교육 관 련 근거법이 부재하기 때문이다. 따라서 국민이 생애주기별로 맞춤형 해양안전 교육 을 받을 수 있도록 해양안전 교육을 제도화하고, 해양에서의 비상 대응 능력제고 및 홍보 강화를 위해 지역별 해양안전 체험시설을 확충할 것을 제안한다.

Self-reported driving after marijuana use in association with medical and recreational marijuana policies

BackgroundA common concern surrounding increasingly permissive marijuana policies in the US is that they will lead to more dangerous behavior, including driving after marijuana use. Although there is considerable research on the effects of marijuana policies on behaviours, few studies have examined self-reported driving after marijuana use. In this study, we use data from the Traffic Safety Culture Index (TSCI) to model self-reported past-year driving after marijuana use in association with medical and recreational marijuana policies. MethodsWe analysed individual responses to annual administrations of TSCI from years 2013–2017 using a multiple logistic regression model. Our outcome variable was self-reported past-year driving after marijuana use (at least once vs. never), and our primary explanatory variable was the respondents’ state medical marijuana (MM) and recreational marijuana (RM) policy. Additional explanatory variables include policies that specify thresholds for marijuana-intoxicated driving, year, and demographic factors. ResultsDrivers in states that legalized MM but not RM had marginally higher odds of self-reporting driving after marijuana use compared to drivers in states where both RM and MM were illegal (adjusted OR 1.29; 95% CI 0.98, 1.70; p = 0.075). However, we found little evidence that drivers in states that legalized both RM and MM had higher odds of driving after marijuana use compared to drivers in states where both RM and MM were illegal (adjusted OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.71, 1.56; p = 0.784). Per-se or THC threshold laws were associated with lower self-reported driving after marijuana use (adjusted OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.57, 0.95; p = 0.018). ConclusionAlthough we found some evidence of an association between MM legalization and self-reported driving after marijuana use, our results provide only mixed support for the hypothesis that permissive marijuana policies are associated with higher odds of self-reported driving after marijuana use.

Association between cellphone use while driving legislation and self-reported behaviour among adult drivers in USA: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesCellphone use behaviours can vary demographically in the USA. This study examined whether legislation restricting cellphone use while driving was associated with lower self-reported hand-held cellphone conversations or texting behaviours...

해양안전문화지수 개발에 관한 연구

국민의 해양안전문화 수준을 객관적으로 측정하고 해양안전의식 고취와 해양안전문화 확산을 위한 자료로 활용하고자 해양안전문화지수를 개발하였다. 전문가 그룹을 통한 설문문항 작성과 영역별 가중치를 적용하여 일반국민 1,000명과 해양종사자 561명을 합하여 1,561명에 대한 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 해양안전문화지수를 도출하였다. 전체에 대한 해양안전문화지수는 72.00점으로 조사되었으며, 일반국민은 68.70점, 해양조사자는 77.64점으로 나타났다. 영역별로 살펴보면, 해양관련 경험은 76.00점으로 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 해양안전에 대한 의식은 90.20점, 해양 안전수칙 준수 정도는 78.20점, 해양에 대한 관심 정도는 62.80점, 그리고 우리나라의 해양 안전문화 실태 및 홍보는 51.80점 순으로 조사되었다. 영역별 해양안전문화지수 비교를 통하여 정부 및 지자체, 그리고 해양관련 유관 기관에서는 취약한 부분을 확인하여 이를 향상시키는 노력이 요구되고, 해양안전문화지수 설문문항과 가중치는 지속적인 보완작업이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Cellphone Legislation and Self-Reported Behaviors Among Subgroups of Adolescent U.S. Drivers

PurposeThe relationship between cellphone use while driving legislation and self-reported adolescent driver behavior is poorly understood, especially across demographic subgroups. This study investigated the relationship between statewide cellphone legislation and cellphone use behaviors across adolescent driver subgroups, including age (16/17 vs. 18), sex, race/ethnicity (white non-Hispanic and others), and rurality (urban or rural). MethodsData from the 2011–2014 Traffic Safety Culture Index Surveys were combined with state legislation. The outcomes were self-reported texting and handheld cellphone conversations. The exposure was the presence of a texting or handheld cellphone ban applicable to all drivers (i.e., universal) in the drivers' state of residence. A multilevel, modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate the risk of engaging in these behaviors. ResultsApproximately 34% of respondents reported to have driven while conversing, and 37% texted and drove in the 30 days before the survey. Universal handheld calling bans were associated with lower occurrences of cellphone conversations across all groups except rural drivers. Overall, handheld cellphone bans were associated with 55% lower (adjusted risk ratio .45, 95% confidence interval .32–.63) occurrences of cellphone conversations. However, universal texting bans were not associated with fewer texting behaviors in any subgroup. ConclusionsUniversal handheld calling bans may discourage adolescents from engaging in handheld phone conversations, whereas universal texting bans may not fully discourage texting behaviors. More interventional or educational work is necessary, particularly addressing texting while driving.

Creating safer health systems: Lessons from other sectors and an account of an application in the Safer Clinical Systems programme.

Despite well meaning initiatives over decades, the percentage of inpatients suffering adverse events remains constant in most advanced health systems. The notion of incident reporting as used in other safety critical industries has proved far less effective in healthcare. This article describes a new patient safety paradigm in the search for improved patient safety in healthcare. Underpinned by a holistic use of human factors the Safer Clinical Systems programme involves a proactive, risk-based approach seeking to eliminate or control risk before it is converted to patient harm. The tools and techniques applied by healthcare professional in real-life settings are described along with the outcomes of a significant reduction in risk and improvement in safety culture as measured by the Safety Culture Index. The challenges of applying the approach are discussed but it is argued that important progress could be made if a critical mass of healthcare staff were helped to acquire skills in human factors.

조종사 양성교육기관의 안전문화지수 측정에 관한 연구

The importance of safety culture improvement and transformation has highlighted since an organization's safety culture can be the causal factor of the accident. Every designated aviation training school have to manage their own SMS and will comply with the regulations specified in article 49, Korean Aviation law. In related regulations, it is specified the safety culture status and problems of an organizations must be accessed and improved. On this study, safety culture index of designated aviation training school has measured using abbreviated CASS developed by KTSA. Results from the statistical analysis, the overall safety culture average found as 3.711. Among the subindex, mean of 'Employee Empowerment' appeared the most high(3.980) and 'Reward System' appeared the most low(3.309). Service providers are able to apply the intervention strategy on the basis of the results of these measurements. The weak part of Safety Culture might be improved and this will lead the better organizational culture.

A Study on Creation of Marine Safety Culture in Korea

After the accident of Sewol-ho, the interest in marine safety has been largely increased. This study aims to give insight into the establishment of marine safety culture in Korea, suggesting its definition, directions and strategies as well as relevant system refinement issues aimed at strengthening activities to promote marine safety culture through the Marine Safety Campaign Program (MSCP). The elements and definition of marine safety culture have been presented based on the concept of safety culture and by incorporating the recent trends in ocean-related areas as well as setting the directions for marine safety culture. Marine safety culture is the aggregation of all knowledge, principles and acts of marine safety activities?which draw much attention of the time?led by the industry, government, academia, and research institutes as well as by the general public. Also, the scope and definition of marine accidents has been expanded to marine safety accidents that include boating accidents, port accidents, coastal accidents, natural disasters, crew accidents, marine disaster, pirate accidents and maritime terrorism. In order to establish marine safety culture, this study has proposed designation of a marine safety day, development of a marine safety culture index (MSCI), selection of pilot project cities for marine safety, development of marine safety education programs, building of an marine safety experience center, opening of a marine safety broadcasting station and a development of marine safety culture contents.

Application of Factor Restructuring Analysis in Enterprise Safety Culture Evaluation

Abstract The enterprise safety culture index system, which mainly consists of enterprise decision-making level, management level, implementation level, and external environmental factor, is constructed based on human errors theory. Then, a corresponding enterprise safety culture evaluation model adapting to the characteristics of this index system is presented with consideration of the constraint condition of data and by taking full use of the advantages of factor system restructuring analysis and principal component analysis in data processing; The model provides an operable way for evaluating the enterprise safety culture. Further, the model is to make up for the gaps of enterprise safety culture evaluation.