Safety Climate Questionnaire Research Articles

A multi-case study exploring the effect of interventions on food safety culture maturity

In each food business, a food safety culture (FSC) with a certain maturity level prevails. Previous research has demonstrated that the maturity level of the prevailing FSC can be assessed, but empirical proof of FSC maturity improvement remains limited especially in food processing companies. This study aimed to zoom in on the food safety culture improvement trajectory of four food processing case studies, focusing on human-organizational dimensions of food safety culture. First, a pre-assessment of the maturity of the prevailing food safety culture was executed in each case company (assessment time 1) by application of a validated mixed-methods methodology which includes three different tools (the food safety climate questionnaire, management interview, and on-site evidence collection visits). Based on this pre-assessment, underdeveloped dimensions or gaps in the prevailing food safety culture were identified to find improvement needs. In each of the 4 included distinct case companies, an intervention was implemented. In the first case company, case 1, a food safety key performance indicator (KPI) system was implemented as the intervention, with shared monitoring and shared responsibilities for KPI improvement. Coincidentally, case company 2 and case company 4 selected the same intervention. Case 2, as well as case 4, decided to implement structured group discussions with operators to collect input for collaborative action point selection, aiming for their active involvement in food safety. In case 3, a food safety culture check system was implemented for systematic reward and recognition. After intervention implementation, the post-assessment was conducted (assessment time 2), applying the exact same methodology as the pre-assessment. To investigate the extent of improvement, comparison of the pre- and post-assessment in each of the four cases was first done descriptively by comparing the means. Next, data collected via the food safety climate questionnaire was compared statistically via Mann-Whitney U tests. Analyses showed a substantial objective and subjective (employees’ perceptions) improvement of the targeted food safety culture gaps in companies 1 and 2, demonstrating that food safety culture improvement was achievable through a science-based and cocreated intervention process and implementation plan compliance. In cases 3 and 4, marginal improvements and unchanged scores were revealed. Comparison of cases’ trajectory characteristics and resulting success rates demonstrated that senior management involvement was essential for interventional success, as well as implementing culture interventions on an organizational or group level, instead of only including selected employees.

Association between the safety climate and occupational injury in the Korean working population: a cross-sectional study.

Preventing occupational injuries remains a significant challenge in Korea. A positive safety climate can contribute to reducing workplace injuries. However, the impact of safety climate on preventing occupational injuries among the Korean workforce has not been adequately explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the perceived safety climate and occupational injuries within the Korean working population. This study used baseline data from the Korean Work, Sleep, and Health Study (KWSH). The safety climate was measured using the brief version of the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire. Occupational injury was determined by whether injuries or accidents had occurred at workplaces in the past year. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between the safety climate and occupational injury. Participants who reported an unfavorable workplace safety climate were more likely to experience occupational injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for occupational injuries in an unfavorable safety climate was 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-3.51) compared to a favorable safety climate. Specifically, factors such as "not encouraging employees to follow safety rules when on a tight schedule" (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.25-3.24) and "not helping each other work safely" (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.17-3.25) were significantly associated with occupational injuries. An unfavorable safety climate was associated with increased occupational injuries among Korean workers. Improving the safety climate in the workplace may reduce occupational injuries in Korea.

Impact of Pesticide Training on Safety Climate Perception Among French Cereal Farmers.

Background: The training of farmers in pesticide safety is of prime importance for reducing pesticide use and exposure through the implementation of sustainable management practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of compulsory training on the knowledge and perceptions of cereal farmers, with the help of a safety climate scale. Method: We approached cereal farmers throughout France during compulsory training and certification procedures for pesticide-related activities. Trainees were asked to complete a safety climate questionnaire at the start and end of the course. In total, 733 cereal farm managers or workers completed the questionnaire at the start of the study, 131 of whom declined to complete the questionnaire at the end of the training session, leaving 602 subjects available for pre-training/post-training comparisons. Statistical analyses were based on paired t-tests and mixed models for repeated measures. Findings: The mean safety climate score increased from 82.37 to 88.22 after the training course (7.1 %, p < .001) in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Mean increases were also found for each of its seven dimensions (p < .001), ranging from 2.8% for "rules and best practices" to 12.4% for "communication and feedback." Few covariate-by-time interactions were found to be significant. Conclusion/Application to Practice: This study demonstrates that pesticide training is highly effective in increasing safety climate perception among cereal farmers and provides hints for improving the design of educational programs. Promoting the development and facilitation of lifelong learning with continuously updated training programs should be a top priority for minimizing pesticide exposure.

Relationship of Work Safety Climate With Organizational Cynicism and Career Resilience of Firefighters

Background and objective Work safety and organizational cynicism can affect career ‎resilience. The current study aims to predict the career resilience of firefighters based on the work safety climate and organizational cynicism. Method This is a correlational study ‎using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Participants were 300 people selected randomly from the personnel of 16 fire stations in Tehran and from among firefighters working in the Tehran Fire Department. We used three questionnaires, including the organizational cynicism scale, the Nordic safety climate questionnaire, and Morgan Lyon’s career resilience scale. Data were analyzed using SEM and regression analysis in AMOS software, version 24. Results The findings indicated a significant correlation between work safety climate, career resilience, and ‎organizational cynicism. The value of the maximum likelihood estimation statistic for the resulting SEM ‎model was 4673.97 (P&lt;0.05), confirming the SEM model’s suitability. The results of analysis of variance showed that the work safety climate among firefighters was significantly different based on age, education level, and work experience. Conclusion The work safety climate among the firefighters in Tehran is not favorable . The lack of attention to firefighters’ perceptions of safety issues and the lack of attention to their livelihood and job promotion can create organizational cynicism among the personnel. There is a significant positive correlation between work safety climate and career resilience among firefighters. Thus, with the improvement of work safety conditions, the resilience of firefighters can be increased. Organizational cynicism has a negative relationship with the career resilience of firefighters.

Musculoskeletal pain among medical residents: role of workplace safety climate and sexual harassment

BackgroundWorkplace factors are important predictors of occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among different occupational populations. In healthcare, a psychologically unsafe work environment can negatively affect the emotional, physical and psychological well-being of physicians. This study aimed to examine the relationship between workplace violence, sexual harassment and musculoskeletal pain among Egyptian physicians in their years of residency.MethodsWe distributed an online self-administered questionnaire to 101 residents working in various healthcare sectors in Egypt. It included sections on demographic data, working conditions, widespread pain index (WPI), pain interference short-form, workplace violence and harassment questionnaire, psychosocial safety climate questionnaire (PSC) and sexual harassment climate questionnaire.ResultsAll residents had at least one painful site on the WPI (range 1–11). The mean WPI was 3.5 ± 2.4, and 39.6% satisfied the criteria of having widespread pain by having at least 4 pain sites. Widespread pain index showed a weak statistically significant negative correlation with workplace PSC score (rho = − 0.272, p = 0.006), and a statistically significant weak positive correlation with the calculated total abuse index (rho = 0.305, p = 0.002). Workplace violence and abuse, as measured by a calculated abuse index was the only significant predictors of widespread pain among residents.ConclusionWPV was found to be a predictor of musculoskeletal pain among medical residents. Healthcare organizations need to address WPV by employing preventive strategies to minimize its hazardous effects and ensure a safe working environment for physicians.

Safety climate scale for vineyards: an external validity study.

Agriculture entered the discussions about safety climates late, despite being one of the most hazardous industries. We recently developed a safety climate scale in Bordeaux vineyards, for which we provided good evidence of reliability and construct validity (Grimbuhler and Viel 2019). In this study, we aimed to establish the external validity of this safety climate scale with the help of an independent national sample of vineyard professionals. We approached vineyard managers and operators during compulsory training and certification procedures for pesticide-related activities. Trainees giving informed consent for participation in the study were asked to complete a safety climate questionnaire at the start and end of a training session. In total, 406 vineyard managers or operators completed the questionnaire at the start of the study, 37 of whom declined to complete the questionnaire at the end of the training session, leaving 369 subjects available for pretraining/post-training comparisons. Statistical comparisons were based on t-tests and mixed models for repeated measures. A mean safety climate score of 82.91 (SD: 9.06) was obtained in the initial survey in the Bordeaux region, whereas the safety climate score was estimated at 83.78 (SD 10.39) in this nationwide survey (P = 0.23). A significant increase was observed after the training course, for the safety climate score (7.5%, P < 10-15) and for each of its 7 dimensions (P < 10-4 or less), in both univariate and multivariate analyses. However, the magnitude of these increases varied with dimension, ranging from 2.4% for rules and best practices to 15.5% for communication and feedback. External validity was demonstrated by transferability and sensitivity to intervention. This safety climate scale can now be considered to provide a good inference of the safety culture, with a meaning generalizable across vineyards.

Relationship Between National Culture Dimensions and Safety Climate in Construction Companies of Abu Dhabi

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between national culture dimensions and safety climate in the construction industry of Abu Dhabi, particularly among Bangladeshi, Indian, and Pakistani workers who constitute almost half of the total migrant workforce. Methods: The study utilized a stratified purposive sampling method to survey workers in selected construction companies. The questionnaire used for data collection was adapted from the Value survey model (VSM) and Nordic safety climate questionnaire (NOSACQ) and was translated into Bengali, Hindi, and Urdu. Results: The results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found that the overall safety climate in the construction companies was poor (Mean=2.36, SD=0.40), with no significant difference in safety climate perception among different nationalities (F-value (0.858), (p = 0.427). The comparison of national culture dimensions between different nationalities was found on individualism F (2,125) = 5.929, p=.003, masculinity F (2,125) = 5.113, p=.007, Long term orientation F (2,125) = 3.116, p=.048, and indulgence vs restraint F (2,125) = 3.526, p=.032 dimensions. Furthermore, the relationship between safety climate and power distance was 0.381 (p = 0.01), between safety climate and long-term orientation was 0.344 (p = 0.01), between safety climate and individualism was 0.196 (p &lt; 0.05), between safety climate and indulgence vs restraint was 0.068 (p = 0.01), between safety climate and uncertainty avoidance was -0.099 (p = 0.01), and between safety climate and masculinity was 0.163 (p = 0.066). Conclusion: All worker’s perception about safety climate was found to be poor. However, significant differences were observed in national culture dimensions, including individualism, masculinity, long-term orientation, and indulgence vs restraint, among Bangladeshi, Indian, and Pakistani workers. The study also revealed a positive relationship between power distance, long-term orientation, and individualism dimensions and safety climate. In contrast, indulgence, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance had no significant impact on safety climate.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAFETY CLIMATE WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) IN EMPLOYEES OF THE MINE DEPARTMENT AND RAW MATERIAL MANAGEMENT OF PT. XYZ

This study aims to see the relationship between safety climate and occupational safety and health (OSH) for employees of the Mining and Raw Materials Management Department of PT. XYZ. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with Spearman's Rho analysis technique. Participants in this study consisted of 100 employees of the Mining and Raw Materials Management Department of PT. XYZ was obtained using the accidental sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using the 24-item Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-24) and the Workplace Health and Safety Instrument German (WHASI-G). The reliability on the NOSACQ-24 measuring instrument is .905 and on the WHASI-G measuring instrument is .911. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between safety climate and occupational safety and health (OSH). This can be seen from the significance obtained by .000 (p&lt;.05) and the correlation coefficient value of .699.

Influence of Safety Climate on Safety Performance in Gas Stations in Indonesia

Accidents in gas stations may cause injury or even death to people. Moreover, an accident in a gas station might halt its operation for some time. When an accident takes place in a region with scant amount of gas stations, it may lead to fuel scarcity in the area, affecting the economy and sparking other issues. Therefore, safety climate and safety performance in gas stations need to be evaluated. Safety climate has been used as a tool to assess the safety performance of an organization at a given time. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of safety climate on safety performance in gas stations in Indonesia. A total of 129 gas stations were selected. To assess safety climate, a safety climate questionnaire was used, while the safety performance was captured by conducting on site structured observations. The assessment shows that gas stations have a good level of safety climate, especially when it is compared with other industrial sectors in Indonesia, such as construction. The study findings also show that safety climate has a significant positive impact on safety performance. Three safety climate dimensions with significant positive influence on safety performance are management commitment, communication, and personal accountability. Therefore, improvement efforts should focus more on these dimensions to boost safety performance in gas stations.

Developing a model for predicting safety performance of nurses based on psychosocial safety climate and role of job demands and resources, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion as mediators

BackgroundThe present study aimed to develop a model for predicting the safety performance of nurses based on psychosocial safety climate (PSC) and the role of job demands and resources, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion as mediators.MethodsA cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling (SEM) was carried out among nurses in Iran. Data were collected using the Psychosocial Safety Climate questionnaire, Neal and Griffin’s Safety Performance Scale, the Management Standards Indicator Tool, the Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire, the Michigan Organizational Assessment Job Satisfaction subscale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory.ResultsSurveys were distributed to 340 nurses provided informed consent. After removing incplete surveys, data from 280 partipants were analysed. The completion rate was 82.35%. The SEM results indicated that PSC can directly and indirectly predict nurses’ safety performance. The final model showed an acceptable goodness of fit (p = 0.023). It indicated that PSC, job demands, and job satisfaction were directly related to safety performance, and also that PSC, emotional exhaustion, job resources, and job demands were all indirectly related to safety performance. Also, PSC had a significant relationship with all mediator variables, and job demands had direct effect on emotional exhaustion.ConclusionsThe current study presented a new model for predicting safety performance in nurses in which PSC, both directly and indirectly, plays an important role. In addition to paying attention to the physical aspects of the workplace, healthcare organizations should also take into account PSC to improve safety. Next steps in reducing safety issues in nursing is to develop intervention studies using this new evidence-based model as a framework.

Safety climate in high safety maturity organisations: development of a multidimensional and multilevel safety climate questionnaire

The proliferation of operationalisation approaches to safety climate has failed short of establishing a common set of dimensions and measurement items. Furthermore, extant measures are designed to accommodate all organisations regardless of safety management maturity; thus, a safety climate measurement scale suited to high-maturity organisations is still missing. Drawing on a systematic review of safety climate measurement literature, the article reports the development and validation of a multi-dimensional and multi-level safety climate measurement scale, suited to organisations with high safety management maturity. To corroborate the validity of the measure, the study was conducted in cooperation with health & safety managers from 15 large companies with a mature safety management system. Following initial questionnaire development, a multi-stage validation procedure was implemented on data from four large companies (totalling 880 participants) operating in the electric power distribution, oilfield services, manufacturing, minting and printing sectors in Italy. Exploratory factor analysis was used for the identification of the underlying structure of the set of items. Confirmatory factor analysis was undertaken to evaluate the model fit at the validation stages. The final version of the questionnaire consists of eight safety climate dimensions and 60 items. A short version of the scale is also validated to provide a more balanced, while complete and reliable, measurement tool (totalling 40 items). Lastly, implications for safety practitioners are discussed, providing directions on how to utilise the scale for identifying safety improvement opportunities.

Review of Occupational Health and Safety Management System and Hazards Controls in the Motion &amp; Industrial Automation Products Manufacturing Industries

Occupational injuries are a major problem worldwide and affect all countries, particularly developing ones. In recent decades, the application of approaches such as the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) has led to the successful control of workplace injuries in high-income countries. The Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 as a world- recognized OHSMS has gained considerable acceptance by a large number of organizations. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of ISO 45001on safety performance in certified organizations. This study consisted of four sub-studies, and was conducted to explore the effect of ISO 45001on the occupational injury, safety climate, and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practices in ISO 45001-certified companies compared with a control group in Iran. ISO 45001practices were also examined in the certified companies, where interviews were conducted to explore the influencing factors on the effectiveness of ISO 45001. A negative binomial regression indicated no significant effect of ISO 45001certification on the occupational injury rate. The second sub-study applied a new safety climate questionnaire, and a hierarchical regression indicated that the safety climate was influenced by the implementation of ISO 45001and safety training. The third sub-study pointed to the better OHS practices of the certified companies compared with the control ones. The results also showed that adopting the ISO 45001standard improved the documentation for the management of OHS, but did not lead to continuous improvement in the required practices. The evaluation of the collected evidence revealed the main reasons for a poor safety culture. The interviewees emphasized the internal and external influencing factors in the effectiveness of OHSAS including commitment of top management and the enforcement of OHS legal requirements. It can be concluded that the implementation of ISO 45001in an organization is not a guarantee of improved safety performance and of the existence of a high-quality management system. This study suggests that certified companies should focus on proper improvement and maintenance of the implemented management systems by escalating their commitment to the requirements of the established management systems and by participating their employees in ISO 45001practices. This study also emphasized the importance of providing safety training for employees who work in the certified companies. These efforts may help the companies in the creation of a good safety culture and the transforming the paper systems into effective management systems to make improvement in OHS performance. The aim of this report to assess and evaluate the effective implementation of occupational health &amp; management system and hazards controls in the Motion &amp; Industrial Automation products manufacturing Industries as per the relevant ISO standards and hierarchy of hazards controls, which is a system used in industry to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards. Falls, chemical spills, fire, explosions, working at height, confined space working, mechanical material handling, etc. are few kinds of incidents that can happen in a manufacturing environment. Such incidents are not only tragic and frequently fatal for workers, but also extremely expensive for the employers. Between worker’s compensation, regulatory penalties, reduced/diminished productivity and the costs of fixing or replacing damaged equipment, a single incident can financially devastate a business. To avoid industrial accidents / catastrophes, keep your people from harm, ensure manufacturing compliance, and protect your bottom line, you need to get serious about safety. Manufacturing Safety is everything organizations does to ensure the physical well-being of the workers in the manufacturing facility or facilities. Manufacturing Safety is also about more than checking a few boxes or putting up ‘safety first’ signage.  Manufacturing Safety keeps people alive and unharmed.  Manufacturing Safety is also tied to workforce productivity.  Manufacturing Safety is an essential form of risk management.  Manufacturing Safety is a legal requirement.  Manufacturing Safety and Profitability go hand-in-hand. Safe companies perform better and sustain in the business longer that unsafe companies.

Examining the effect of safety climate on accident risk through job stress: a path analysis

BackgroundJob stress is a probable mediator of the relationship between safety climate and accident occurrence. To demonstrate this, this study investigates the relationship between safety climate, job stress, and accident risk using a large number of surveys. The study will use structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data collected from the surveys to examine the effect of safety climate on accident risk through job stress.MethodsThe study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 1,530 male workers of a petrochemical company. The subjects were asked to complete several questionnaires during rest periods, which included demographic information, the Nordic safety climate questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), and the generic job stress questionnaire (GJSQ). Additionally, data on the frequency and intensity of accidents among participants were gathered from the health unit of the company. Path analysis was conducted by structural equation modeling (SEM) in Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) software.ResultsThe results revealed that the latent variable of safety climate with an effect coefficient of – 0.112 did not have a direct effect on accident risk (P = 0.343). However, safety climate with an effect coefficient of − 0.633 had an indirect effect on accident risk through job stress (P < 0.001). The total score of job stress had a significant direct effect (0.649) on accident risk (P < 0.001). Among the dimensions of safety climate, the variables of management’s safety priority, commitment, and competence (− 0.108) and workers’ safety commitment (− 0.107) had the highest indirect effect coefficients on accident risk. Among the dimensions of job stress, the highest indirect effects belonged to the variables of conflict at work (0.636), physical environment (0.631), and workload and responsibility (0.631), respectively.ConclusionThe results of the study revealed that job stress mediates the relationship between safety climate and accident risk. This finding suggests that organizations can potentially decrease accidents in industries by addressing and managing job stress in the workplace.

The validity and measurement equivalence of a brief safety climate questionnaire across casual and permanent workers

BackgroundSafety climate is an effective leading indicator of safety incidents and accidents. However, frequently safety climate measures are only employed in times of crisis rather than for regular monitoring to identify and remediate safety issues before becoming critical. ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate a 24-item version of the 50-item Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) that was developed for use as a regular monitoring tool. MethodAnalyses undertaken included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assessments of construct validity, external validity, concurrent validity, measurement equivalence, and benchmarking capabilities. CFA to examine external and construct validity included a combined sample of disability support workers and hospitality employees (N = 474), an independent sample of students in casual employment (N = 122), and employees from a vocational education and training (VET) organisation (N = 539). Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing correlations between the 50-item and 24-item versions of the NOSACQ with health and wellbeing outcome variables. External validity of the NOSACQ-24 was further established using the casual student workers and a sample employees from the VET organisation (N = 53). Paired samples t-tests examined the safety climate scores for the 50-item and 24-item measures across all participant samples to evaluate the benchmarking capability of the NOSACQ-24. ResultsThe NOSACQ-24 demonstrated a comparable factor structure to the NOSACQ-50. External, construct, and concurrent validity for the NOSACQ-24 were largely supported, as were measurement equivalence and benchmarking capabilities. ConclusionUse of the NOSACQ-24 is supported, and future applications are discussed.

In Search of Differences in the Perception of Safety Climate by Employees of an International Manufacturing Company.

The implementation of effective workforce safety programmes ought to be linked to an understanding of the specificity of the work in the organisation concerned, taking into consideration the assessment of the level of safety expressed by the professional group representing it at the executive level. The main purpose of the study presented in the paper, which is part of a broader project of researching safety culture in the organisation, is a diagnosis of the safety climate in the Polish branch of an international manufacturing company. The following research question was formulated: Is the examined international manufacturing company a homogeneous organisation from the point of view of assessing its safety culture? The research was exploratory. In total, 203 respondents, which amounts to 35% of the employees, participated in the study. The selection of the sample was representative-in proportion to the number of employees in individual departments and their positions in the examined organisation. The presented paper includes an analysis of the results obtained on the basis of the abbreviated version of the Safety Climate Questionnaire, a self-developed tool to assess ten separate dimensions of safety climate. The results of a single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with post hoc tests prove that there is a statistically significant difference between the respondents representing different positions in the organisation and different areas of employment. The position held in the company significantly differentiates the employees in a statistically significant way-in eight out of eleven diagnostic areas, including the Summary Safety Climate Indicator (SSCI). In the case of department, statistically significant differences were found in seven out of eleven diagnostic areas. Education proved to be the factor that differentiates the respondents the least in terms of the assessment of workplace safety climate. Statistically significant differences occurred only in three out of eleven diagnostic areas. The observed differences in the assessment of the dimensions of workplace safety climate point to the need for the promotion of more diversified and individualised measures, taking into account the specificity of work and the nature of hazards in a given position, and the creation of practical safety programmes not only in the procedural and technical dimensions but also in social and psychological ones.

The Relationship between Safety Leadership Style and Safety Climate in Phosphoric Acid Industry

Introduction: Phosphoric acid companies have risks that can lead to work accidents. There are several factors that influence the occurrence of work accidents, one of which is organizational and management factors. Leadership style is a factor in the work safety climate which leads to work accidents and work productivity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between leadership style and work safety climate in the Phosphoric Acid Plant at Phosphoric Acid Industry. Methods: The type of this research is descriptive quantitative research and through a cross-sectional approach to 44 workers at the Phosphoric Acid Plant. The variables of this study including safety leadership style and work safety climate. The data collection method used was secondary data obtained from the company’s annual data and as well as the primary data using the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire and the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire. Each variable dimension was analyzed using the Spearman correlation method. Results: The results indicate that most workers, 47.7%, have both very high consideration and high initiating structure leadership style level. There is a relationship between leadership style and work safety climate with a correlation coefficient of 0.787 and shows a strong positive correlation. Conclusion: There is a strong positive relationship between leadership style and safety climate.

Investigating the Predictive Role of the Safety Climate on Professional Behavior in Nurses Working in Hospitals Affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences

Background: The safety climate, which is a subset of the organizational climate in the field of safety, mirrors the attitudes of those involved in care centers towards safety. In addition to being in connection with diverse parts of the organization’s function, the safety climate can also affect the nurses’ performance. The present study aimed at investigating the predictive role of the safety climate on professional behavior among nurses working in the hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, which uses the cross-sectional design, 595 expert nurses participated who had at least 6 months of experience and were employed in the wards of the hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The data was collected from the nurses revolving around their viewpoints, which were determined using a demographic information form, professional behavior scale and safety climate questionnaire. Results: Among the diverse domains of the safety climate, the field of nursing education (p= 0.027, ß=0.104), communication with other nurses (p= 0.027, ß=0.101) and error reporting (p= &lt;0.001, ß= 0.191) were the direct predictors of professional nursing behavior. Also, apart from the safety climate, satisfaction with nursing as a job had a direct, statistic and significant relationship with professional behavior (p= &lt;0.001, ß= 0.142). Conclusion: This study found that most of the domains of the safety climate predicted the nurses’ professional behavior. Therefore, it is recommended that hospital administration and nursing leaders improve the safety climate by paying more attention to education and creating friendly working environments that remove nurses’ fear of penalties. All these factors can be effective in enhancing the professional behavior of nurses and increase patient safety in health care settings.

Understanding the Role of Job Stress in Safety Climate in a Dairy Industry using Structural Equation Modeling

Background and purpose: The safety climate refers to employees’ perception of safety which can be affected by job-related stress in the workplace. This study aimed to assess the safety climate and investigate the relationship between job stress factors and safety climate dimensions in a dairy industry.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The data was collected using two self-report questionnaires including the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) indicator tool. After removing the incomplete questionnaires, 164 questionnaires were selected for statistical analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the association of the study variables.&#x0D; Results: Most job stress factors and all were correlated to the safety climate dimensions. The highest correlation was detected between job stress factors and dimension of management safety priority, commitment, and competence. Among job stress factors, role (r=0.522, P&lt;0.001) and managerial support (r=0.452, P&lt;0.001) had the highest relationship with this dimension. SEM showed job stress had a significant effect on safety climate (B = 0.52, P &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The job stress dimensions could be effective in the safety climate. Besides, management and peer support as well as high job demands could decrease stress. Thus, improvement of job stress could promote employees’ safety behaviors and improve their perception of the organization’s safety management system.

Assessing the Perception of Risk and Safety Climate of the Employees of Andishmandan Jonoob Company in 2020

Introduction: Safety climate and risk perception are two very important factors in safety studies that by examining and analyzing them, appropriate results can be obtained from the safety status of employees. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted randomly in 2020 on 388 employees of different departments of Andishmandan Jonoob Company project in Ahvaz.&#x0D; Methods: The Nordic Safety Atmosphere Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) was used to assess the safety climate, the Flynn risk perception questionnaire was used to assess the risk perception, and the Likert method was used to assess the safety climate and risk perception assessment. Before distributing the questionnaire to the employees, a short educational class was held by the researcher on how to complete the questionnaire, and after distributing the questionnaire, the employees took 45 min to complete the questionnaire, and then the questionnaires were collected. To analyze the data, SPPS 24 software was used and to determine the differences between the studied variables, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) was utilized.&#x0D; Findings: In this study, the mean weight and height of the subjects were 81.57±18.45 kg and 176.32±24.68 cm, respectively. Among the employees, 43.81% had a diploma, 37.37% aged 30 to 40 years, 76.03% had 1 to 10 years of work experience, and 80.67% were workers. The mean scores of different dimensions of safety climate based on age, work experience, and education level showed that the mean safety commitment of employees for age, work experience, and education level were 0.76, 0.98, and 0.76, respectively. In this study, 14 workplace risks were considered that the risk of electric shock, back pain, and repetitive movements by employees did not have a score of 1 (very low risk). The risks of hitting the hot surface and falling objects on the foot by the employees did not have a score of 5 (high risk).&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of the mean scores of employees based on the safety climate questionnaire in the studied dimensions showed that the safety climate among the employees of the studied service jobs is relatively weak. Therefore, in order to reduce the potential risks in service jobs and reduce accidents, safety and health issues should be trained with proper and codified planning, and the safety culture of employees should be increased with new methods and new technologies. Regarding the perception of risk, it can be concluded that some risks were not felt by employees and were not observed by individuals; therefore, employees gave a low score to these risks.

Assessment of workplace safety climate among power sector employees: A comparative study of cross-culture employer in Pakistan.

Pakistan’s power sector has undergone extensive reforms to improve its technical and monetary performance over the last two decades. However, despite its fast-growing and hazardous nature, safety research remains limited in this context. This study aims to address this gap by assessing the level of safety climate in the power sector and comparing the safety climate in plants operated by multinational companies (MNCs) and local companies (LCs).To this end, five power plants operating in the southern part of the Punjab region (in Pakistan) were included in this study. The Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), an analytical tool comprising of 50 items across seven dimensions, was used to determine the level of safety climate. An independent T-Test was then applied to compare the means in two different setups to draw a conclusion about overall safety climate differences. In MNCs, overall management/leadership perception improved; however, workers in both setups responded similarly in many cases. The lowest observed score in both setups was related to worker’s prioritization of safety and risk non-acceptance. The study highlights the importance of a company’s policies, procedures, and leadership commitments in creating a stronger safety climate by instilling trust in workers. The study further demonstrates that cross-cultural and strong policies devised by multinational companies help to improve the overall safety climate andconcludes that promoting an efficient and positive safety climate in the power sector is a long journey and that can only be achieved if all workers and leaders take on an active role.