Safety Systems Research Articles

Long-term efficacy and safety of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of adenomyosis: evidence mapping.

To summarize evidence on levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of adenomyosis (AM) and to identify potential research gaps. Search was conducted in MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang. We included studies investigating patients with AM treated with LNG-IUS combined with conservative therapy. Thirty-nine studies compared LNG-IUS with other conservative therapeutic drugs. The most common comparison was GnRH-a+LNG-IUS vs. LNG-IUS alone, followed by LNG-IUS vs. mifepristone, expected treatment, and GnRH-a. GnRH-a+LNG-IUS was more beneficial in reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea than LNG-IUS alone at the 6-month follow-up in patients with an enlarged uterus and moderate to severe dysmenorrhea. Large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of LNG-IUS and GnRH-a on reducing uterine volume at 6-month follow-up. Thirty-two studies investigated LNG-IUS as the postoperative management. The most common comparison was surgical excision+LNG-IUS vs. surgical excision. Results showed VAS scores were lower in the surgical excision+LNG-IUS group than in the surgical excision group at the 1-year follow-up. Evidence on endometrial thickness, quality of life, adverse events and beneficial effect at 3 and 5years are needed. Combined GnRH-a and LNG-IUS treatment was more efficacious than LNG-IUS alone for patients with an enlarged uterus and moderate to severe dysmenorrhea. Moreover, LNG-IUS seemed to show potential long-term benefits in postoperative therapy, warranting further meta-analysis for confirmation.

The effect of epididymosomes on the development of frozen-thawed mouse spermatogonial stem cells after culture in a decellularized testicular scaffold and transplantation into azoospermic mice.

This study examined SSC proliferation on an epididymosome-enriched decellularized testicular matrix (DTM) hydrogel and spermatogenesis induction in azoospermic mice. Epididymosomes were extracted and characterized using SEM and western blotting. After cryopreservation, thawed SSCs were cultured in a hydrogel-based three-dimensional (3D) culture containing 10 ng/mL GDNF or 20µg/mL epididymosomes. SSCs were assessed using the MTT assay, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR after two weeks of culture. The isolated SSCs were microinjected into the efferent ducts of busulfan-treated mice. DiI-labeled SSCs were followed, and cell homing was assessed after two weeks. After 8 weeks, the testes were evaluated using morphometric studies and immunohistochemistry. The expression of PLZF, TGF-β, and miR-10b did not increase statistically significantly in the 3D + GDNF and 3D + epididymosome groups compared to the 3D group. Among the groups, the GDNF-treated group exhibited the highest expression of miR-21 (*P < 0.05). Caspase-3 expression was lower in the epididymosome-treated group than in the other groups (***P < 0.001). Compared to the 3D and negative control groups, the 3D + epididymosomes and 3D + GDNF groups showed an increase in spermatogenic cells. Immunohistochemical results confirmed the growth and differentiation of spermatogonial cells into spermatids in the treatment groups. The DTM hydrogel containing 20µg/mL epididymosomes or 10 ng/mL GDNF is a novel and safe culture system that can support SSC proliferation in vitro to obtain adequate SSCs for transplantation success. It could be a novel therapeutic agent that could recover deregulated SSCs in azoospermic patients.

Evaluation and Comparison of Rock Bolting Versus Steel Arch Support Systems in Thick Coal Seam Underground Galleries: A Case Study

This study investigates the feasibility of rock bolting support in an underground coal mine gallery with a thick coal seam. The Ömerler underground coal mine working area, owned by the West Lignite Enterprise (GLI) of the Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI), was selected for this purpose. Longwall top coal caving (LTCC) is implemented as the production method in the Ömerler underground coal mine. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine rock mass and rock material properties, followed by experimental, empirical, and numerical analyses based on the acquired data. The obtained design results were evaluated using a resin-grouted rebar (RBR) rock bolting system and steel arch support (SAS) pilot application areas. The numerical modeling results conducted using the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua 3D (FLAC 3D) (v6.0) program indicated less displacement and secondary stress change in the RBR-supported zone compared to the SAS-supported zone. In situ measurements also demonstrated that RBR provided more successful support to the roof during coal production activities. The findings suggest that RBR is a more effective solution when evaluating the feasibility of rock bolting support systems in underground galleries with thick coal seams at the Ömerler underground coal mine. This study emphasizes the importance of more sustainable and safe support systems to enhance operational efficiency in the coal mining industry.

E-vita OPEN NEO in the treatment of acute or chronic aortic pathologies: first interim results of the NEOS study.

The aim of this multicentre study was to demonstrate the safety and clinical performance of E-vita OPEN NEO Stent Graft System (Artivion, Inc.) in the treatment of aneurysm or dissection, both acute and chronic, in the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta. In this observational study of 12 centres performed in Europe and in Asia patients were enrolled between December 2020 and March 2022. All patients underwent frozen elephant trunk using E-vita OPEN NEO Stent Graft System. Primary end point was the rate of all-cause mortality at 30 days and secondary end points included further clinical and safety data are reported up to 3-6 months postoperatively. A total of 100 patients (66.7% male; mean age, 57.7 years) were enrolled at 12 sites. A total of 99 patients underwent surgery using the E-vita OPEN NEO for acute or subacute type A aortic dissection (n = 37), chronic type A aortic dissection (n = 33) or thoracic aortic aneurysm (n = 29), while 1 patient did not undergo surgery. Device technical success at 24 h was achieved in 97.0%. At discharge, new disabling stroke occurred in 4.4%, while new paraplegia and new paraparesis was reported in 2.2% and 2.2%, respectively. Renal failure requiring permanent (>90 days) dialysis or hemofiltration at discharge was observed in 3.3% of patients. Between discharge and the 3-6 months visit, no patients experienced new disabling stroke, new paraplegia or new paraparesis. The 30-day mortality was 5.1% and the estimated 6-month survival rate was 91.6% (standard deviation: 2.9). Total arch replacement with the E-vita OPEN NEO can be performed with excellent results in both the acute and chronic setting. This indicates that E-vita OPEN NEO can be used safely, including in the setting of acute type A aortic dissection.

The role of governance in the digital transformation of healthcare: Results of a survey in the WHO Europe Region

Optimal governance is among the key facilitators of the digital transformation of health systems intended to improve access to healthcare, quality, safety, and efficiency, and to attain universal health coverage. This paper highlights the findings of a survey assessing the status of governance of digital health in the WHO European Region.The 2022 survey is a continuation of the 2015 WHO Global Survey on eHealth. The survey focused on national digital health governance, monitoring and evaluation of digital health interventions, and funding and investment in digital health and was conducted through April to October 2022. All 53 Member States of the WHO European Region participated in the survey.The results showed that 83% of the Member States reported having a national digital health strategy in place, and 79% of the Member States reported having a health information system strategy. Most of the priorities of the national digital health strategies were devoted to increasing the accessibility, quality, safety, and efficiency of the health systems, strengthening health information systems, and improving information sharing and interoperability of data. Measures to ensure equity in access to digital healthcare services were directed towards improving broadband connectivity, information and communication technology, digital literacy, and digital health promotion. Oversight for the implementation and operation of the national digital health strategies are mostly delegated to government agencies. The prime source of funding for digital health programs was public funding, though a combination of funding sources was also noted. This analysis revealed increasing adoption of national digital health strategies for access to healthcare and creation of digital health agencies and funding programs for digital health.

Active suspension hierarchical control with parameter uncertainty and external disturbance of electro-hydraulic actuators

In order to improve the ride comfort and handling stability of the electro-hydraulic active suspension system, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed. For the active suspension system with body mass uncertainty and safety constraints, an enhanced constraint adaptive backstepping controller is designed to generate the target force of body vertical motion. When dealing with constraints, nonlinear filters are introduced, backstepping technology and quadratic Lyapunov function are used to combine the control target and domain constraints, and the vertical displacement of the body and the suspension deflection control index are synthesized into a single controlled variable, so that the control variable converging to zero meets the suspension dynamic displacement limit. The ride comfort and safety of the active suspension system are improved. Secondly, stability analysis is conducted on the zero dynamic error system to ensure that all safety performance indicators are bounded. The effects of external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and modelling errors on the force tracking accuracy of asymmetric cylinder electrohydraulic systems are addressed. A backstepping dynamic surface control method based on a nonlinear perturbation observer is proposed, which estimates the composite perturbation terms such as modelling error and external perturbation, and uses the estimated value of the nonlinear observer to design a feedforward compensating control term to offset the effect of the composite perturbation on the system performance. In addition, the dynamic surface control method is used to calculate the derivative of the target force input, which avoids the derivative explosion phenomenon and reduces the computational complexity of the system. Simulation test results show that this method reduces the computational complexity of the system and improves the control performance. And under random and bumpy road conditions, the root-mean-square value of sprung mass acceleration performance index is reduced by 48.354 % and 72.677 % compared with passive suspension, which improves the ride comfort of the vehicle.

Hydraulic Polymethylmethacrylate Pressure Delivery System Versus Manual Balloon Tamp System in Balloon Kyphoplasty.

Retrospective cohort study. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are prevalent among the elderly population, and Balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) is a minimally invasive solution for these. However, Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) leakage is a significant complication with potentially severe consequences. This study compares the safety and efficacy of manual balloon tamp system (MTS) and hydraulic Polymethylmethacrylate pressure delivery system (HPDS) in BKP. A retrospective study involving 160 patients, comparing MTS (2008-2014) and HPDS (2016-2020) cohorts, assessed PMMA leakage, radiation exposure, and surgery duration. PMMA leakage occurred in 52.8% of MTS and 62.5% of HPDS cases. Intradiscal leakage was the most common pattern in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that multilevel BKP and HPDS were associated with higher PMMA leakage rates. Radiation exposure was significantly lower with HPDS, while surgery duration was shorter. This study provides novel insights into PMMA leakage and radiation exposure in BKP. HPDS was associated with a higher PMMA leakage rate. HPDS, however, offers advantages in terms of reduced radiation exposure and shorter surgery duration. Multilevel BKP also increased the risk of leakage. Further investigation is needed to better understand the impact of HPDS on PMMA leakage. This study underscores that while HPDS offers advantages regarding radiation exposure and surgery duration, it is associated with a higher PMMA leakage rate.

Transient Analysis on the Crosswind Effect to the Aerodynamics of High-speed Train Travelled on the Bridge Between Two Tunnels at Jakarta -Bandung Track

The rapid evolution of global transportation technology is exemplified by Indonesia's innovative high-speed train initiative, linking Jakarta and Bandung in an impressive 45 minutes. Operating at 350 km/h, the HST CR400AF underscores the importance of aerodynamics in high-speed rail systems. This study delves into the significant impact of crosswind on key aerodynamic factors (drag, lift, rolling moment) within the tunnel-bridge-tunnel configuration. Leveraging Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) through ANSYS FLUENT, the analysis explores crosswind variations at 0 m/s, 10 m/s, and 25 m/s. Results reveal a proportional increase in aerodynamic load with higher crosswind intensities: 1.67 times for drag, 58.8 times for lift, and 29.8 times for rolling moment. Notable observations include pronounced aerodynamic load fluctuations during the "OUT" process, with the head section bearing the greatest load, followed by the tail and middle sections. These findings contribute valuable insights to the global discourse on enhancing safety and efficiency in high-speed rail systems

Efficacy and safety of a neurointerventional operation robotic assistance system in cerebral angiography

BackgroundAt present, neurointerventional surgery requires angiographers to perform operations in the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) room. Ionising radiation and chronic joint damage are still unavoidable for angiographers. Therefore, we researched...

Key aspects of occupational risks for healthcare workers

At present, the greatest challenge associated with risks in healthcare is the lack of research on occupational diseases associated with healthcare workers’ activities. Despite all achievements of the modern medicine and use of high-tech equipment, occupational health risks remain high in healthcare organizations. Few available literature sources assume that the level of actual occupational morbidity among healthcare workers is considerably higher than the official figures. This does not allow us to fully assess its prevalence. No unified approaches to investigating morbidity among healthcare workers have been developed yet. Analysis of available literature sources has revealed that most studies with their focus on peculiarities of working conditions and health of healthcare workers as well as associated risk factors are rather fragmentary and do not fully encompass all relevant aspects. At present, there is no unified organizational system for occupational safety that includes, among other things, scientific study of the issue. It is advisable to create a concept of occupational health risks in order to provide effective substantiation for selecting managerial decisions on regulation of effects produced by risk factors on personnel employed by healthcare organizations. The methodology for occupational health risk analysis is eligible for becoming an instrument that can ensure an effective policy aimed at protecting and promoting health of healthcare workers.

Carotid artery stenting with flow inversion cerebral protection and MicroNet-covered stent.

The study aims to evaluate the association of proximal flow-inversion cerebral protection and MicroNet-covered CGuard stents in reducing early and late embolic events in carotid artery stenting procedures. From 2018 to 2023, we performed 204 procedures in 180 patients with flow inversion cerebral protection and CGuard stents at the Vascular Surgery Unit of Sant'Eugenio Hospital in Rome. Cerebral protection was achieved with a Flow-Gate2 catheter connected to a peripheral vein. The tip balloon is inflated in the CCA to obtain an effective endoclamping, the pressure difference between the carotid bifurcation and the venous compartment ensures a constant back flow with wash-out in the venous compartment. Inclusion criteria were: life expectancy of >12 months, target lesions indicating treatment according to ESVS Guidelines, increased surgical risk due to comorbidities or anatomic issues. ECD follow-up was performed immediately postoperatively, at 30 days, 6 and 12 months, and subsequently annually. The treatment protocol was successfully implemented in 99% of cases. No major strokes occurred, while one minor stroke (0.5%) occurred within 8 hours of the procedure, regressing in the following months. One perioperative death (0.5%) due to cerebral hemorrhage occurred three hours after the procedure. All patients remained asymptomatic, with no short or medium-term neurological score deterioration. One hemodynamically significant restenosis (0.5%) was detected at the 6-month follow-up. All patients completed the 6 months follow-up, though 6 (3%) were lost at the 12-month appointment. Our prospective monocentric study has demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of the FlowGate2 flow inversion cerebral protection system in association with MicroNet covered CGuard stent.

Forecasting and uncertainty analysis of tailings dam system safety based on data mining techniques

Tailings dams, as critical infrastructure, play a vital role in ensuring the safety and reliability of tailings pond systems. Predicting the trend of tailings dam monitoring parameters helps monitor its operational status and support safety management and decision-making. The traditional time series prediction model focuses on point prediction while neglecting the nonlinear feature of data and the uncertainty of prediction results, which is far from meeting the requirements for risk monitoring and safety management of tailings dam systems. To address this, Deep Auto-Encoder is used to extract and optimize features of multi-dimensional time series; Whale Optimization Algorithm, Long Short Term Memory, and Kernel Density Estimation are used to build a monitoring parameters trend interval prediction model. It can effectively predict and analyze the uncertainty of tailings dam monitoring parameters. Time series data of monitoring parameters are collected from a tailings dam in Anhui, China and modeled to verify the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the hybrid prediction model performs the best in monitoring parameter prediction accuracy and trend. The Root Mean Square Error values of the Whale Optimization Algorithm and Long Short Term Memory prediction for reservoir water level, surface displacement, internal displacement, phreatic line, and beach width are 0.0160, 1.0405, 0.0389, 0.0176, and 0.7525, with errors reduced by 0.37 % to 17.92 % compared to other models. The uncertainty analysis confirms the high reliability of the model. The Kernel Density Estimation effectively forecasts the fluctuation range of predicted values, significantly improving the prediction effectiveness of the monitoring parameters.

Classification of malware for security improvement in IoT using heuristic aided adaptive multi-scale and dilated ResneXt with gated recurrent unit

The rise of malware in the Internet of Things (IoT) realm exploits sensitive IoT devices that lead to extensive malicious attacks that pose a significant danger to the integrity of the Internet ecosystem. Addressing this threat effectively requires a robust system for classifying and attributing IoT malware, serving as vital initial steps toward implementing countermeasures for attack prevention and mitigation. So, in this work, a new malware classification technique using deep learning is developed for solving different kinds of malware in IoT. The required images for the malware classification process are gathered from online databases and given to the developed Adaptive Multi-scale and Dilated ResneXt with Gated Recurrent Unit (AMDR-GRU)-based malware classification process. Here, the last layer of the ResneXt is modified with GRU, and several parameters are optimized in the suggested AMDR-GRU model with the support of the designed Intensified Random Parameter-based Chameleon Swarm Algorithm (IRPCSA) to enhance the classification performance. Finally, the developed AMDR-GRU model offered the classified outcome and the obtained classification results are compared with different existing malware classification models to prove the effectiveness of the developed model over others. The developed model offered 99.59 % of precision. The result proved that the developed model is used to classify different malware without reverse engineering, binary code analysis, and feature engineering. Moreover, by effectively classifying malware, this technique can contribute to enhancing the security of IoT devices, protecting them from potential threats and vulnerabilities. This has significant implications for ensuring the privacy, integrity, and overall safety of IoT systems.

An IoMT-based Federated Learning Survey in Smart Transportation

Abstract: Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a technology that encompasses medical devices, wearable sensors, and applications connected to the Internet. In road accidents, it plays a crucial role in enhancing emergency response and reducing the impact of accidents on victims. Smart Transportation uses this technology to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation systems. The current Artificial Intelligence applications lack transparency and interpretability which is of utmost importance in critical transportation scenarios, such as autonomous vehicles, air traffic control systems, and traffic management systems. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) provides a clear, transparent explanation and actions. Traditional Machine Learning techniques have enabled Intelligent Transportation systems by performing centralized vehicular data training at the server where data sharing is needed, thus introducing privacy issues. To reduce transmission overhead and achieve privacy, a collaborative and distributed machine learning approach called Federated Learning (FL) is used. Here only model updates are transmitted instead of the entire dataset. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the prediction of traffic using Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and FL. Among these, FL can predict traffic accurately without compromising privacy. We first present the overview of XAI and FL in the introduction. Then, we discuss the basic concepts of FL and its related work, the FL-IoMT framework, and motivations for using FL in transportation. Subsequently, we discuss the applications of using FL in transportation and open-source projects. Finally, we highlight several research challenges and their possible directions in FL

2-Year Clinical and Echocardiography Follow-Up of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement With the Transapical Intrepid System.

Thirty-day outcomes with the investigational Intrepid transapical (TA) transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) system have previously demonstrated good technical success, but longer-term outcomes in larger cohorts need to be evaluated. The authors sought to evaluate the 2-year safety and performance of the Intrepid TA-TMVR system in patients with symptomatic,≥moderate-severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and high surgical risk. Patient eligibility was determined by local heart teams and approved by a central screening committee. Clinical events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee. Echocardiography was evaluated by an independent core laboratory. The cohort included 252 patients that were enrolled at 58 international sites before February 2021 as part of the global Pilot Study (n=95) or APOLLO trial (primary cohort noneligible+ TA roll-ins, n=157). Mean age was 74.2years, mean STS-PROM was 6.3%, 60.3% were male, and 80.6% were in NYHA functional class III/IV. Most presented with secondary MR (70.1%), and nearly all had≥moderate-severe MR (98.4%). All-cause mortality was 13.1% (30-day), 27.3% (1-year), and 36.2% (2-year). The 30-day≥major bleeding event rate was 22.3%. Heart failure rehospitalization was 9.6% (30-day) and 36.2% (2-year). At 2 years, >50% of patients were alive with improvement in NYHA functional class (82.1%, class I/II), and all patients with available echocardiograms had≤mild MR. This analysis represents the largest reported TA-TMVR experience with the longest follow-up in high-risk≥moderate-severe MR patients. Early mortality and heart failure rehospitalizations were significant, exacerbated by early TA-related bleeding events; however, meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes and marked reductions in MR severity were observed through 2 years.

Development and validation of a collaborative robotic platform based on monocular vision for oral surgery: an in vitro study.

Surgical robots effectively improve the accuracy and safety of surgical procedures. Current optical-navigated oral surgical robots are typically developed based on binocular vision positioning systems, which are susceptible to factors including obscured visibility, limited workplace, and ambient light interference. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop a lightweight robotic platform based on monocular vision for oral surgery that enhances the precision and efficiency of surgical procedures. A monocular optical positioning system (MOPS) was applied to oral surgical robots, and a semi-autonomous robotic platform was developed utilizing monocular vision. A series of vitro experiments were designed to simulate dental implant procedures to evaluate the performance of optical positioning systems and assess the robotic system accuracy. The singular configuration detection and avoidance test, the collision detection and processing test, and the drilling test under slight movement were conducted to validate the safety of the robotic system. The position error and rotation error of MOPS were 0.0906 ± 0.0762mm and 0.0158 ± 0.0069degrees, respectively. The attitude angle of robotic arms calculated by the forward and inverse solutions was accurate. Additionally, the robot's surgical calibration point exhibited an average error of 0.42mm, with a maximum error of 0.57mm. Meanwhile, the robot system was capable of effectively avoiding singularities and demonstrating robust safety measures in the presence of minor patient movements and collisions during vitro experiment procedures. The results of this in vitro study demonstrate that the accuracy of MOPS meets clinical requirements, making it a promising alternative in the field of oral surgical robots. Further studies will be planned to make the monocular vision oral robot suitable for clinical application.

Study on Optimization of Placement Method for Transmission Line Monitoring Devices Based on Probability of Meteorological Disasters

Abstract To ensure the reliability and safety of the power grid system, it is of great significance to carry out electric meteorological monitoring for transmission channels. In this paper, a method for optimizing the placement of transmission line monitoring devices based on the probability of meteorological disasters is proposed. By considering the climatic characteristics near the transmission line, the probability of occurrence of adverse meteorological faults for each transmission tower in the transmission line is analyzed and calculated by using existing meteorological and GIS elevation data. Meanwhile, the historical failure data and voltage levels of transmission lines are combined to achieve the optimization of the installation position of monitoring devices in transmission channels. This method was applied to a 220 kV transmission line for practical analysis, achieving dense monitoring in areas with high failure rates and sparse monitoring in areas with low failure rates.

Implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) Policy at PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Panam

Implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3) Policy at PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Panam

Research on Outdoor Sports Tourism Development of Fuxian Lake Sailing Base in Yunnan Province Based on SWOT Analysis

This paper takes Fuxian Lake Sailing Base as the research object, through literature, expert interviews and fieldwork, studies the outdoor sports tourism development of Fuxian Lake Sailing Base in Yunnan Province. The research finds that the strengths of the outdoor sports tourism development of Fuxian Lake Sailing Base are geographic strength, resource strength, policy strength, market strength, and base strength; weaknesses are relatively weak economy, inconvenient transportation, inadequate infrastructure and lack of service awareness; opportunities include expanding outdoor sports tourism market, successful hosting of the Provincial Games and successful organization of international events and activities; threats include vague industry standards, influences by seasonal changes and inadequate safety and service system.

Interior Temperature Dynamics and Its Implications for Heatstroke Risk: Designing an IoT-Based Vehicular Heatstroke Sensor Device

Vehicular heatstroke incidents involving children represent a critical issue with potentially severe consequences. To address this problem, this research presents an IoT-based Child Safety System (CSS) designed to prevent and mitigate heatstroke incidents in vehicles. This article focuses on the development and evaluation of the system, taking a user-centric approach to ensure its effectiveness and user acceptance. The study begins with a comprehensive survey conducted to gather user requirements and preferences regarding CSSs. The survey data provides valuable insights into the design and functionality expectations of potential system users, enabling the development of a solution that aligns with their needs. Subsequently, an experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed IoT-based CSS. The experiment involves the installation of temperature sensors in a fleet of vehicles, with data collected to monitor and analyze the temperature variations inside the vehicles during different conditions. Consequently, the acquired temperature data assesses the system’s ability to detect potentially dangerous situations and provide timely alerts to caregivers. Preliminary results indicate a positive response from the survey participants, with a high level of interest in and willingness to adopt the IoT-based CSS. Moreover, the temperature data collected during the experiment demonstrates the system’s capability to effectively monitor the in-vehicle temperature and promptly notify caregivers when potentially hazardous conditions arise. This article presents a preliminary investigation, laying the foundation for further research and development in the field of CSSs. Future studies could focus on refining the system’s design, incorporating additional features to enhance its functionality, and conducting larger-scale trials to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts to combat vehicular heatstroke incidents involving children. By emphasizing a user-centric approach and leveraging IoT technology, the proposed CSS shows promising potential in preventing tragic incidents and safeguarding the well-being of children in vehicles.