Safe Project Research Articles

Urban Planning of the Past in the Face of Potential Airborne Threats During World War II

This paper presents a theoretical review of scientific articles on urban planning under airborne attacks between World War I and World War II. Publications on this topic are few and belong to foreign researchers. Only a small part of works was translated and published in architectural journals of the USSR early in the 20th century.Purpose: The literature review of urban planning in the face of airborne threats.Methodology: The analysis of Russian and foreign publications and systematic analysis of the works of architects.Research findings: Since the 1930s, the problem of effective urban planning in conditions of airborne defense has been posed in the architectural environment. Despite widespread publicity and safe city pilot projects, none was fully realized.Value: The analysis of Russian and foreign publications shows that airborne threats cease to be a hot topic, despite continuing military conflicts.

Implementing a streamlined data access governance process for the release of routinely collected electronic health record data for research

ObjectivesIn Australia, there are no standardised processes for the release of Electronic Health Record (EHR) data for research. We describe our streamlined ethics and data access governance framework for the release of EHR data for research. ApproachIn consultation with our academic and health service partner organisations and with reference to national and international standards, we developed a process to safely and efficiently release EHR data for research. The Five Safes Framework guided our processes ensuring: safe people; safe projects; safe settings; safe data; and safe outputs. Piloting of processes has commenced. ResultsStreamlined data access and release processes acceptable to all stakeholders were implemented using an online system. Independent researcher and consumer review of an Expression of Interest, followed by ethics review/approval from the health service research office ensures projects are methodologically and ethically sound. Completion of a detailed technical assessment form, implementation of a signed data use agreement and release of de-identified data to a secure e-research environment promotes safe data and settings. Constraints around publication are enforced via pre-publication review ensuring safe outputs. Nine projects are in process using our system with an average of 4 days for EOI review and 6 days for TAF review. ConclusionWe have established a streamlined data access pathway to minimise duplication of effort and allow timely and secure access to EHR research data. We have built in efficiencies and promoted a cultural shift for clinicians who have previously not had data access processes governed in this way.

Carbon Capture and Storage Subsurface Study for a Natural Gas-Burning Power Plant in Oltenia, Romania

The article presents carbon capture and storage, CCS, as a climate change mitigation method. Many industrial processes, such as the manufacture of cement, the metallurgical industry, and the production of electricity from fossil fuels, produce large CO2 quantities. Carbon capture and storage is a method for these industrial areas to become carbon neutral for the environment. To combat climate change, the EU wants to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, and this goal, along with an intermediate goal of reducing emissions by 55% by 2030, is enshrined in the European Climate Law. The EU has launched various initiatives to achieve these goals, one of which is the ‘Fit for 55’ legislation. The first step that countries wanting to apply these technologies must take is the evaluation of the underground CO2 storage potential. The potential for CO2 storage in the depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs in Oltenia, one of the eight regions of Romania, makes it possible to develop safe long-term storage projects for the neighboring power plants currently producing energy from burning coal or hydrocarbons. The results of dynamic simulations of CO2 storage in one of these geological structures, Bradesti, which hosts depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, using a numerical simulator are successfully presented for the neighboring Isalnita Power Plant. In this case, the impact on the environment and climate will be minimal and in alignment with the European Union’s long-term objectives. Our study also opens the path for future similar analyses.

Rationalizing risk aversion in science: Why incentives to work hard clash with incentives to take risks.

Scientific research requires taking risks, as the most cautious approaches are unlikely to lead to the most rapid progress. Yet, much funded scientific research plays it safe and funding agencies bemoan the difficulty of attracting high-risk, high-return research projects. Why don't the incentives for scientific discovery adequately impel researchers toward such projects? Here, we adapt an economic contracting model to explore how the unobservability of risk and effort discourages risky research. The model considers a hidden-action problem, in which the scientific community must reward discoveries in a way that encourages effort and risk-taking while simultaneously protecting researchers' livelihoods against the vicissitudes of scientific chance. Its challenge when doing so is that incentives to motivate effort clash with incentives to motivate risk-taking, because a failed project may be evidence of a risky undertaking but could also be the result of simple sloth. As a result, the incentives needed to encourage effort actively discourage risk-taking. Scientists respond by working on safe projects that generate evidence of effort but that don't move science forward as rapidly as riskier projects would. A social planner who prizes scientific productivity above researchers' well-being could remedy the problem by rewarding major discoveries richly enough to induce high-risk research, but in doing so would expose scientists to a degree of livelihood risk that ultimately leaves them worse off. Because the scientific community is approximately self-governing and constructs its own reward schedule, the incentives that researchers are willing to impose on themselves are inadequate to motivate the scientific risks that would best expedite scientific progress.

Changes of beneficiaries after Red Cross safe motherhood project in Northern Uganda

Changes of beneficiaries after Red Cross safe motherhood project in Northern Uganda

Ashtam Ntotacinan/Come Listen to Us: Theatricalization of Life Stories for the Holistic Wellness of Indigenous Women Students

In Quebec, Indigenous cultural resurgence is expressed through all areas of creation, including theatre, which allows the expression of concerns related to identity reaffirmation and cultural reappropriation. In this movement, Indigenous women are particularly present in public space through art. As a path of resistance and resilience, artistic culture is an important factor of wellness for First Peoples. Anchored in a decolonial epistemology, this theatre-based research involves the implementation of a collective creation approach with Indigenous female college students. It questions the benefits of the theatricalization of life stories on learning related to the dimensions of holistic wellness. Faced with systemic obstacles resulting from colonization, Indigenous students follow atypical schooling trajectories, hence the importance of supporting them with culturally safe approaches based on traditional knowledge. Combining the fields of Indigenous education and theatre education, it is hoped that through this project, the narrative sovereignty of Indigenous women is strengthened and recommendations for the realization of culturally safe artistic educational projects with Indigenous youth and adults are provided.

Two in one. The norm for safe public space as a ‘guide’ and ‘verification’ of the project

Even today we are faced with a social demand for safer urban spaces. Composition, functional features and management of such spaces are the principles behind a quality and, therefore, safe urban project. However, the orientation to safety and, therefore, to the prevention of those places requires great attention to the structure, organisation and methods of use. The “environmental design” is the perspective, and the application of UNI CEN/TS 14383-2:2023 goes in this direction. A useful tool for the project, this paper highlights the dual function of the Technical Specification, both as a ‘guide’ during the design phase, and as a tool for the ‘verification’ of the project’s final result.

WORKING WITH MIDWIVES TO IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH IN RURAL GHANA

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a safe motherhood project in rural Ghana. This project included a partograph and emergency skills program for rural midwives, training and monitoring traditional birth attendants (TBAs), a blood bank and an emergency obstetric transport service. The midwives' roles in caring for women in rural health centres, training and monitoring traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and in emergency obstetric transport are described. In this rural area of Ghana TBAs are responsible for approximately 65% of women in the district during birth. It is important to include them in projects to improve maternal health. The results of process evaluation showed that the rural maternal health system was improved by the project activities through a good communication system, better support for rural midwives, better integration of traditional birth attendants into the health care system and more community involvement. Outcomes included an increase in the number of referrals of women with risk factors and complications to the district hospital, no cases of prolonged obstructed labour in the group of mothers cared for by rural midwives and trained TBAs, a comprehensive recording and reporting system for women cared for by TBAs, and a well established emergency obstetric transport service. Integration of the TBAs into the health care system has had positive effects on TBA practice and morale. However, some TBAs had problems receiving remuneration for their work due to cultural beliefs and practices. The authors conclude that community education and participation are key components of safe motherhood projects.

Planning for complex decommissioning projects in Australia – Gippsland Basin case study

Over more than 50 years, safe and successful installation projects have enabled progressive development and expansion of the Gippsland Basin Joint Venture off the coast of Victoria, Australia. This has resulted in a highly integrated network of 19 offshore platforms which are now starting to progressively reach the end of their productive life and detailed planning for the first phase of decommissioning projects has increased in intensity. Decommissioning of these assets is planned to take place in a number of campaigns. The Campaign 1 Decommissioning Project includes the removal of up to 13 platforms and is likely to be the largest single project of its kind in the World. Experience of similar decommissioning projects in Australia is very limited, resulting in unprecedented challenges across many aspects of this project. This requires creative, innovative and adaptable solutions to be developed to enable an efficient execution methodology. This paper will explore the strategies, challenges and successes involved with the early planning and development phase of the Gippsland Basin Joint Venture, Campaign 1 Decommissioning Project. Key insights, from contracting, to execution planning and stakeholder engagement will be discussed, promoting sharing across the industry and improving efficiency for future decommissioning projects in Australia.

Exploring the Use of Customized Links to Improve Electronic Engagement With Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Among Young African American Male Individuals: Web-Based Survey Study.

Research has shown that heterosexual African American male individuals aged 18-24 years have a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. There is a critical need to promote sexual reproductive health (SRH) services among this population, especially in urban settings. Young African American male individuals use social media platforms to access health information, showcasing the potential of social media and web-based links as tools to leverage electronic engagement with this population to promote SRH care. This study aims to explore electronic engagement with young African American male individuals in discussions about SRH care. This paper focuses on the recruitment and social media marketing methods used to recruit young, heterosexual African American male individuals aged 18-24 years for the Stay Safe Project, a larger study that aims to promote SRH services among this population in Detroit, Michigan. We investigate the use of TinyURL, a URL shortener and customized tool, and culturally informed social media marketing strategies to promote electronic engagement within this population. Participants were recruited between December 2021 and February 2022 through various modes, including email listserves, Mailchimp, the UMHealthResearch website, X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, and Instagram. Images and vector graphics of African American male individuals were used to create social media advertisements that directed participants to click on a TinyURL that led to a recruitment survey for the study. TinyURL metrics were used to monitor demographic and user data, analyzing the top countries, browsers, operating systems, and devices of individuals who engaged with the customized TinyURL links and the total human and unique clicks from various social media platforms. Mailchimp was the most successful platform for electronic engagement with human and unique clicks on the custom TinyURL link, followed by Instagram and Facebook. In contrast, X, traditional email, and research recruiting websites had the least engagement among our population. Success was determined based on the type of user and follower for each platform, whether gained in the community through sign-ups or promoted at peak user time and embedded and spotlighted on nontraditional media (eg, social media sites, blogs, and podcasts) for the user. Low engagement (eg, traditional email) from the target population, limited visibility, and fewer followers contributed to decreased engagement. This study provides insight into leveraging customized, shortened URLs, TinyURL metrics, and social media platforms to improve electronic engagement with young African American male individuals seeking information and resources about SRH care. The results of this study have been used to develop a pilot intervention for this population that will contribute to strategies for encouraging sexual well-being, clinic use, and appropriate linkage to SRH care services among young, heterosexual African American male individuals.

Developing the AMPHORA policy guidelines for heritage projects as mental health interventions: a Delphi consultation

PurposeEngaging with heritage to support mental health and wellbeing has become a focus of research and policy, more recently moving towards social prescription of heritage interventions. While there are benefits to active participation, there are potential risks to those taking part and to the non-renewable historic remains and landscape that form the core of these projects. The purpose of the current research paper was to develop best practice guidelines for organisations offering heritage projects as interventions for people who live with mental health issues to protect both participants and heritage.Design/methodology/approachThere were two research phases; a Sandpit with World Café discussions to produce a set of research priorities, and a Delphi Consultation, using three questionnaires distributed over six months, to develop best practice guidelines. The panel in both phases comprised experts through lived experience, policy, practice and research.FindingsThe Authentic and Meaningful Participation in Heritage or Related Activities (AMPHORA) guidelines cover three stages: project development, project delivery and project follow-up, with a set of action points for each stage. Of particular importance was authentic participation and expertise to ensure appropriate management of heritage/ historic environment assets and support for participants.Social implicationsThe AMPHORA guidelines can assist all organisations in the delivery of safe projects that support the mental health of those involved, as well as enhancing and protecting the historic environment.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, these are the first research-led guidelines that help heritage organisations support those living with mental health issues.

A knowledge framework of participation supportive of resilient and safe construction projects: A systematic review

Workers’ participation has long been acknowledged as a means for the harmonization of the technical and social components of socio-technical systems. However, guidance to designers of participatory practices is often implicit in the literature, which also does not jointly address safety and resilient performance, two key business aspects in construction projects. This paper addresses these gaps by proposing a knowledge framework for the design of participatory practices that contribute to safe and resilient construction projects. To this end, a systematic literature review of 33 papers on participation in construction was carried out. Based on a thematic analysis, this review gave rise to a framework composed of seven design meta-principles, seven design principles, and 17 design prescriptions. The seven principles mediate the relationships between the more abstract meta-principles and the more operational prescriptions. The framework encompasses dimensions of participatory practices that can contribute for the design of resilient systems and for the operationalization of both safety-I and safety-II in construction.

Co-designing safe and sustainable darkness for northern urban places

The technological development, quantitative increase and qualitative design of urban lighting have succeeded in improving the safety and comfort of urban spaces. In this context, dark and dimly lit places appear as undesirable, even dangerous. However, the disadvantages of overlighting are increasingly being identified. On the other hand, darkness has well-being effects and aesthetic values in urban environments. The Safe and Sustainable Darkness project studies the frameworks for dimmer urban lighting: how to find room for lower lighting levels and darker places, respecting the diverse use of spaces and the values and experiences of city residents. In the article, we present participatory process for design and implementation of safe and sustainable urban darkness. The expertise and understanding of two different groups is of interest. Interviews of various professionals in the city organization reveal how illuminated and un-illuminated places are perceived from an administrative perspective. Inhabitants and users of urban space share their insight of the meanings, potential and context of the existing and future dark places. By combining the research material from interviews, crowdsourcing, workshops and evaluated pilot installation, we propose a co-design methodology to create enjoyable dimly lit and un-illuminated urban spaces.

Professional societies of obstetrics and gynecology as agents of change in sexual and reproductive health: FIGO's 10-country safe abortion advocacy project in Africa and Latin America.

In 2019, FIGO started implementing its abortion project focusing on advocacy. The Advocacy for Safe Abortion (ASA) Project was conducted in partnership with 10 national professional societies of obstetrics and gynecology in Latin America and Africa. The project aimed to strengthen national societies, support them to be leaders in sexual and reproductive health, and enable them to obtain context-specific advocacy goals that improve access to safe abortion. Innovative monitoring and evaluation methodology enabled tracking of outcomes, consideration of their contribution to success, and cross-country evaluation. The project saw success through some key strategies: institutional capacity strengthening; enhanced work through collaborations; training to increase knowledge and reduce abortion-related stigma with a broad array of stakeholders; and generation and use of evidence to influence decision-makers. This article describes the project and methodology used and provides tangible examples of how societies have been agents of change in their countries and of the need for such important work to continue.

Participatory approaches to programme design, planning andearly implementation: experiences from a safe surgery project inNigeria.

MOMENTUM Safe Surgery in Family Planning and Obstetrics is a global project that strengthens surgical ecosystems through partnership with country institutions. In Nigeria, the project implements in Bauchi, Ebonyi, Kebbi and Sokoto states and the Federal Capital Territory, focusing on surgical obstetrics, holistic fistula care and female genital mutilation/cutting prevention and care. The project utilized participatory approaches during its design, planning and early implementation phases. During the design phase, the project employed a co-creation process featuring a desk review, key informant interviews and stakeholder workshops at community, facility, and government levels to actively listen to, identify and incorporate local perspectives on surgical ecosystem gaps and priorities. Initial findings, shared at state- and national-level workshops, helped collectively identify and prioritize context-specific interventions. The resulting co-created workplan features interventions to strengthen surgical services based on the National Surgical, Obstetrics, Anaesthesia and Nursing Plan (NSOANP). Upon workplan approval, the planning phase involved meeting with each State Ministry of Health (MOH) to prioritize workplan interventions for implementation and to define the finer details needed to drive early implementation processes. Preliminary achievements during early implementation include state commitments to include a costed facility NSOANP in 2023 annual operational plans, mitigation of health facility staffing shortages and review of national fistula and surgical Health Management Information System indicator data flow and advocacy to the Federal MOH resulting in improved fistula data quality and availability. Well-established state and national systems, structures, policies and guidelines enable this programming approach. Since communication between institutional actors is often limited, these approaches necessitate building and maintaining relationships and knowledge-sharing, which requires a significant up-front time investment that must be balanced with donor/partner desires for rapid deliverables. Linking different actors within the health system together through co-creation/co-implementation represents a crucial step in building sustainable country ownership and oversight for surgical ecosystems strengthening interventions.

An exploratory study on alchol related problems aming party-goers in the Veneto Region, Italy

Aim. In this study, we aimed to assess party-goers' alcohol use patterns and risky behaviours related to driving in the Veneto Region, Italy, utilizing risk reduction drop-in mobile units. We compared the prevalence of binge drinking and risky behaviours among party-goers with the general population to identify potential differences. Methodology. Data from 35,882 party-goers visiting mobile units near clubs and pubs in Veneto from 2008 to 2018 were collected. The data included alcohol test results, demographic information, and alcohol consumption-related responses. We contextualized findings by comparing them with a recent survey of binge-drinking patterns in young adults aged 18 to 24 in the general population. Results. Party-goers in Safe Night projects exhibited higher rates of binge drinking than the overall Italian population. Females (68.07%) and males (69.29%) reported getting drunk one or more times per year, contrasting with lower percentages in the general population (4.7% females and 14.8% males). Those previously disqualified from driving showed higher alcohol levels. Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the need for prevention measures targeting alcohol abuse in nightlife settings among young adults aged 18-29 in Veneto. Further research is warranted to reduce health emergencies related to acute intoxication, alcohol-related violence, and car accidents.

Prediction of rock loading stages using average infrared radiation temperature under shear and uniaxial loading

Accurately predicting geologically rock loading phases under varying water levels is crucial to prevent rock engineering operations from severe geological hazards. Acoustic emission (AE) traditionally determines these phases, but machinery in rock projects can disrupt AE sensors, leading to imprecise data and potential accidents. To address this, our study tested a novel approaches using AE, Average Infrared Radiation Temperature (AIRT), Critical Slow Down Theory (CSDT), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to predict rock loading phases accurately under different water conditions. The research findings are: (1) AE analysis divides the stress–strain curve into four phases: crack closure, elastic deformation, and stable and unstable crack propagations. Each phase exhibits distinct characteristics in terms of AE signal behavior. (2) AIRT analysis reveals specific patterns during different loading phases. The AIRT and cumulative AIRT have distinct trends in different phases. (3) The AIRT sequence's fractal dimension shows distinct trends during loading phases: it initially rises during the elastic phase and then declines. Fractal dimensions for crack closure, elastic deformation, and stable crack propagation increase, while that for unstable crack propagation decreases with water content. 4) The stress–strain curve phases were successfully predicted by using AIRT and CSDT, demonstrating a strong correlation with actual stress levels. Notably, this marks the first-time prediction of phases through non-destructive tests (IR and CSDT), where CSDT fluctuations at each stage can serve as early indicators of rock failure.5) The proposed CNNR model achieves high accuracy (98%) in predicting different phases of the stress curve using AIRT. It particularly performs well in the elastic deformation and stable crack propagation phases, with only a few instances of false negative predictions. The model shows promising potential for effective and safe geological projects, especially under varying water conditions. The findings contribute to the understanding of rock behavior and offer insights for the design of safer and more efficient rock engineering projects.

RESTRICTED DATA MANAGEMENT: THE CURRENT PRACTICE AND THE FUTURE.

Many organizations across the world that manage restricted data have adapted the Five Safes framework (safe data, safe projects, safe people, safe setting, safe output) for their management of restricted and confidential data. While the Five Safes have been well integrated throughout the data life cycle, organizations encounter several challenges with regard to safe data management. In this paper, we review current practices for restricted data management, and discuss challenges and future directions. We focus on data use agreements, disclosure risk review, and training. In the future, organizations managing restricted data may need proactively to take into consideration reducing inequalities in access to scientific data, preventing unethical use of data, and managing various types of data.

How Can We Find Out What Indigenous Children and Their Families Need to Manage Weight? Lessons from Formative Nutrition Intervention Research with First Australians.

In Australia, Indigenous children have rates of overweight and obesity 1.5 times those of non-Indigenous children. Culturally safe and effective nutrition interventions are needed for this group. This paper aims to describe a Community-based Participatory Action Research (CPAR) approach to designing formative nutrition intervention research with First Australian children and their families and to reflect on the challenges arising from this process. After obtaining ethical approvals, a Steering Committee (SC), including nine Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experienced in delivering or receiving health care, was established as a project governance body to develop culturally safe project materials and methods. The Indigenous research method of yarning circles was chosen by the SC for the community consultation, and the First Australian SC members were trained to collect the data. They liaised with community organizations to recruit yarning circle participants. Individual interviews conducted by an Aboriginal research assistant replaced yarning circles due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. While the CPAR approach to formative research was successful, the pandemic and other factors tripled the study duration. To authentically, ethically and safely engage First Australians in research, researchers need to decolonize their methodological approach, and funding bodies need to allow adequate time and resources for the process.

Management of Pediatric Foreign Body Injuries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had direct and indirect effects on daily life. In hospitals, the impact of the pandemic was observed in the diagnostic and therapeutic workflow. In this work, we explored potential changes in activities related to the treatment of foreign body injuries (FBIs) in children and the behavioral habits of physicians during the first wave of the pandemic. An online survey was conducted among physicians of the Susy Safe network. The survey comprised items related to respondent information, reference center characteristics, the treatment of FBIs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a modified COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS). The survey was distributed among the Susy Safe project international network surveillance registry for FBIs. A total of 58 physicians responded to the survey, including 18 (32%) from Europe and 16 (28%) from South America. The respondents indicated that the estimated number of aspirated foreign bodies during the pandemic was lower than or the same as that before the pandemic (43, 74%), and the same was observed for ingested foreign bodies (43, 74%). In univariable logistic regression, no single predictor was associated with a delay in routine care for children or an increasing tendency of medical personnel to avoid procedures. The workflow of physicians involved in the management of FBIs in children has not changed drastically during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in emergency departments.