Safe Parking Research Articles

Keeping Clean: A Qualitative Analysis of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Among Residents of Recreational Vehicles in Seattle, WA US

The growing number of people living in vehicles in the urban United States in recent years makes their water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) an increasingly relevant public health issue. The WASH context of people living in recreational vehicles (RVs) presents unique challenges, especially as it relates to wastewater disposal. This study answers the question: How do RV residents typically manage their wastewater and meet their other WASH needs? We examined the experiences of RV residents in Seattle, Washington participating in Seattle Public Utilities’ mobile pump-out program, which has offered a free, typically monthly, door-to-door RV wastewater disposal service since 2020. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 clients and analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis. We found that RV resident water and hygiene experiences were similar to other urban unhoused populations, whereas their sanitation experiences were quite distinct, most notably with regard to open defecation prevalence and the relative risks of shared versus private sanitation. We proposed four WASH service delivery models that consider the possible implications of our findings for cities looking to engage with RV residents. The models included: mobile RV wastewater collection and water delivery, fixed RV dump stations and water resources, public WASH facilities available for all, and safe parking programs.

Improving truck stop environments to support long-haul truck driver safety and health: A scoping review

BackgroundLong-haul truck drivers (LHTD) are required to drive long distances to transport essential goods and products in a timely manner, which can leadto roadway safety risks, an unbalanced lifestyle, and poor health and wellbeing. While truck stops are designed for LHTD to park, refuel, eat, shower, and sleep, the lack of amenities (e.g., unavailable parking, poor food choices) contributes to poor safety and health outcomes. ObjectiveThis scoping review synthesized the evidence on the current amenities offered at truck stops and how they can be improved to support LHTD safety and health. MethodsResearch databases (e.g., EMBASE, Global Health, Medline) and online sources (e.g., transportation research websites) were searched for publications in English from 2006 to 2023. A total of 5,377 unique sources were identified. Two reviewers independently screened the 5,377 titles and abstracts and then the full texts of 59 sources. Three sources were included through searching reference lists of 13 full-texts included, totaling 16 sources included in the scoping review. ResultsParking and basic truck stop amenities (e.g., fuel, food, restrooms, and showers) are most important to LHTD. However, there is currently a lack of available, accessible, affordable, or safe parking at truck stops which preclude LHTD from parking overnight. There is also a lack of food options to meet LHTD preferences for different cuisines, healthier choices, and options that accommodate food allergies. Moreover, LHTD expect parking, restrooms, and showers to be free when purchasing fuel. Conclusion/ImplicationsThe current state of parking and basic truck-stop amenities should be improved to prevent safety-adverse LHTD behaviors (e.g., driving beyond their hours of service and increasing their risk of driving fatigued, falling asleep, or getting into an accident). Thereis a high demand among LHTD to improve and expand the availability, accessibility, security, and cost of these truck stop amenities. Improvements to truck stop amenities may improve the resilience of supply chains and constitute public health interventions to reduce longstanding safety and health disparities.

An Analysis of Safe Parking Programs: Identifying Program Features and Outcomes of an Emerging Homelessness Intervention

As vehicular homelessness increases in the United States, safe parking programs have proliferated. Yet little research exists on this emerging homelessness intervention. This three-year, mixed-methods study analyzed one of the largest safe parking programs in operation: the Jewish Family Service of San Diego Safe Parking Program (JFS SPP). Through analysis of quantitative data and interviews with 349 clients and 15 staff, this study yielded three major findings. First, JFS SPP has a 40% positive exit rate, with younger clients, women, veterans, and families more likely to exit into housing. Second, JFS SPP is preferred over shelters by persons who have used both services. This preference is especially important for older clients and clients with disabilities for whom safe parking is a safety net. Finally, increasing access to lots and services would benefit all clients, including families, seniors, and individuals with nontraditional schedules. Findings support policy recommendations for safe parking programs.

Improving parking attendants' competency to develop professional staff in the parking sector

The increasing number of vehicles every year requires parking attendants who are professional and competent in managing the entry and exit of vehicles in the parking lot so as not to impede traffic. Aside from having enough parking space, a dependable parking attendant is also required to handle parking effectively. The biggest issue with this community service is a lack of awareness about parking arrangements and safe parking. This Community Service was held in collaboration with the Tulungagung Regency Transportation Service. The purpose of this activity is to develop competent professional staff in the parking sector by increasing knowledge, understanding, and abilities. The methods used in this activity are lectures, presentations, interactive questions, and answers, providing case examples and practice. From the results of the training carried out, there was an increase in the value of parking attendants' knowledge about safe parking by 31.41%. This shows that the material provided during the training can be accepted and applied well by the participants. It is envisaged that this activity will be carried out on a regular and continuous basis, allowing Tulungagung Regency parking attendants to keep their competence.

Peran Lokasi dan Persepsi Harga terhadap Minat Beli Ulang Konsumen Mixue: Gaya Hidup sebagai Pemoderasi

This study aims to prove the effect of location and price perception on repurchase intention of Mixue con-sumers with lifestyle as a moderating variable. As many as 300 Mixue consumers contributed in filling out the questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used by setting the criteria for the respondent, namely between 10 and 25 years of age and having made a purchase more than once. SmartPLS 4 SEM is used to process data. The results in this study include location, price perception, and lifestyle variables all having a signi-ficant impact on repurchase intentions. However, lifestyle cannot moderate the influence of location on repeat purchases. Even though it can have a positive impact, lifestyle is not statistically significant in mode-rating the influence of price perceptions on repeat purchases. The conclusion in this study is that companies must innovate a product that meets the lifestyle expectations of customers with impulsive consumption. Apart from lifestyle, price perception also needs to be improved. Location variables also need to be consider-ed, such as being able to offer a safe parking area and a high level of cleanliness and comfort

Kajian Strategi Bersaing Ritel Tradisional di Kota Payakumbuh

Payakumbuh City is inhabited by 141,184 people, most of whom have a labor force participation rate of 71.73 percent, most of whom work in the trade sector, especially traditional retail. However, the increasingly rapid development of modern retail means that traditional retail is starting to be abandoned by consumers, so according to researchers there must be a competitive strategy. needed to help traditional retail survive. The methods in this research are 1). Identification stage evaluation of internal factors, evaluation of external factors, 2). Matching stage with Internal-External Matrix, SWOT, and 3). Conclusion stage with SQPM. The research results can explain that the internal and external conditions of traditional retail in Payakumbuh City are quite good because the total EFI value is 2.89 and EFE is 3.2. This is in quadrant II on the IE matrix with a general strategy of growth and development, on the SWOT matrix it gets 7 Alternative strategies were then ranked by the seven strategies using the QSPM matrix, so the highest score was in strategy 1, namely providing comfortable shopping services for motorists with free and safe parking with a score of 5.12 and strategy 2, providing neater product displays, price labeling with better lighting. enough with a score of 4.87.

Safety and Safe Parking for People Experiencing Vehicle Homelessness: A Mixed Methods Study

ABSTRACT The number of laws criminalizing homelessness is increasing in the United States. Simultaneously, more individuals are experiencing homelessness, and of those, an increasing number are experiencing vehicle homelessness. Safe parking lots, where people can legally shelter in their vehicles overnight, are one response to the criminalization of vehicle homelessness. Using a mixed-methods research design (n = 37), this study explores barriers to emergency shelters for people experiencing vehicle homelessness and the potential impact of safe parking lots. Our findings indicate that safety is a major concern for this population and safe parking lots have the potential to improve perceptions of safety.

Enhancing Urban Living with Automatic Parking Management Systems : A Comprehensive Review and Case Study

As urbanization continues to rise, the need for efficient and safe parking solutions has become more important. In recent years, automatic parking management systems have been developed to address this need. This paper presents a comprehensive review of automatic parking management systems. It discusses the various types of automatic parking systems, the components of an automatic parking management system, and the benefits of implementing such a system. The paper also presents a case study of an automatic parking management system implemented in a commercial building in Singapore. The case study evaluates the effectiveness of the system and highlights the challenges faced during the implementation process. The results of the study suggest that automatic parking management systems are an effective solution for managing parking in urban areas.

Car Parking Automation and Premises Security System

Abstract: India is a developing nation. With progress at such a rate, there are cars today at every corner, and parking these cars is a significant issue in the country. Car parking automation is important in today's world for several reasons. Effective use of space, With the growth of urban areas and the increase in the number of vehicles, efficient use of parking spaces has become essential. Also, the demand for personal vehicles is on its high. Automated car parking systems provide convenience to drivers by eliminating the need to search for a parking spot. Drivers can simply drop off their cars at the entrance and the system will take care of the rest. Overall, car parking automation is a must in today's world because it provides an efficient, convenient, and safe parking solution that can help improve the quality of life in urban areas while reducing the environmental impact of driving. To overcome this issue numerous parking systems are available. But the problem with these parking systems is they require more space and are expensive. So, our project is dedicated to developing a fully automatic parking system. The other major problem we are facing today is Inefficient Premises Security Systems. A poor Security System can lead to several problems. If your security system is ineffective, it may be easier for burglars or other criminals to enter your home or business and steal your valuables. This can result in significant financial loss and may also put you and your family or employees at risk. Our Premises Security System keeps your home and your surroundings safe, deters crime and is quite helpful in an emergency. We automated it to make it much more secure and safe which will help us in maintaining the safety of the residences.

The (im-)mobile e-bike: infrastructural components of an emerging micromobility practice

Electrically assisted cycling, e-biking, is a growing global phenomenon. Just as with other vehicles, the e-bike is operated somewhere in place and in connection to other road users, and is far from always in motion. In this article, e-biking and related activities such as parking and storing take centre stage together with infrastructures such as parking spaces and electricity networks, which facilitate and constrain the practice in different ways. The involvement of a specific set of elements makes e-biking a practice in its own right, not only in comparison to other micromobility modes such as conventional cycling and walking, but also compared to motorised driving and in relation to infrastructure, and especially so when the e-bike is in non-motion.The starting point of the article is an understanding that practices such as e-biking are connected not only to other practices, but also to small- and large-scale infrastructures and to the context within which it is performed. The empirical material was collected in semi-urban and urban settings in Sweden, a country where cycling is presented as a primary solution to reach net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by 2045 but where the car is by far the dominant mode of personal transport. By analysing interviews and diaries written by e-bikers as well as policy documents, the relationship between e-biking and surrounding infrastructures comes under scrutiny. Insufficient cycle parking infrastructures are shown to discourage usage beyond trips between two places with (known) safe parking possibilities. This avoidance of linking practices risks limiting the range of activities for which e-bikes are used.An increased knowledge of the infrastructural and situational conditions of e-biking as set out in this article can facilitate planning and policy making and is important to better understand the challenges and opportunities involved in the transition towards a sustainable transport system and therefore highly relevant to contemporary debates.

Numerical and Economic Analysis of Hydronic-Heated Anti-Icing Solutions on Underground Park Driveways

Snow and ice forming on the entrance and exit driveways of underground car parks of buildings brings serious difficulties and risks in safe parking for vehicles in winter. Even though traditional methods such as chemical salt and snow plowing reduce slippery conditions on driveways, they also result in infrastructure- and environment-related damages. Hydronic heating is an alternative way to prevent snow and ice forming; thereby, the hydronic heating driveway (HHD) is a promising technique for energy-efficient and environment-friendly solutions. This study presents a time-dependent three-dimensional numerical heat transfer model for HHD applications with realistic boundary conditions and meteorological data in the MATLAB environment. After developing the numerical heat transfer model, the model is applied to a case study in Istanbul, Turkey and followed by an economic comparison with the commercial electrically-heated driveways (EHD) method that is applied in two different ways; applying the electric cables in (i) whole driveway and (ii) only tire tracks. Different escalation rates in natural gas and electricity, hot fluid inlet temperature, air temperature, and the number of parallel pipes are the main parameters in the case study. Results show that the decrease in pipe spacing drops the investment cost term but it needs a higher supplied fluid temperature for anti-icing, and therefore the operating cost term increases. Among other cases was the number of parallel pipes, with 50 being the most economically feasible solution for all air temperatures ranging from 0 °C to −10 °C. The economic comparison shows that the EHD with only tire tracks has the minimum total cost as it significantly decreased both the operating and investment cost terms. In case of an anti-icing requirement on the whole road surface, the HHD system was found to be preferable to the EHD whole driveway scenario at air temperatures of 0 °C and −5 °C, while it is more beneficial only for the high electricity escalation rates at the ambient temperature of −10 °C.

Accident Prevention Mechanism In Vehicles

The road accidents are recently increasing at a fast rate. Most of them happen because of the carelessness of the driver of the vehicles on the road. THE ACCIDENT PREVENTION MECHANISM IN VEHICLES is an attempt to reduce such road accidents by implementing some extra features on the vehicles which can be controlled by software. This project is developed on the basis of certain assumptions. 1.Most of the accidents are happened due to the carelessness or the drowsiness of the driver. 2.The driver may not detect the obstacle which comes in front of the Vehicles, from a safe distance. 3.The different light systems of the vehicles are not properly used whenever needed. This project tries to minimize the accidents which may be caused by the inability of the driver to take sudden actions in a panic situation. If the driver does not respond properly within a time slot, then the vehicle automatically steers to a safe space and continues the journey safely. This system automatically switches on the different types of lights in the vehicle such as head light, hazard lights, brake lights and indicators whenever needed. It includes a special wearable spectacle to detect the drowsiness of the driver. It provides the safety mechanism by invoking the buzzer and safe parking, when it identifies that the driver is asleep by analyzing the eye blink. This paper relates to the system for preventing accidents which contains IR sensors, Ultrasound sensors, LDR sensors and works according to a logically developed safe program which is imprinted on the microcontroller using Arduino IDE. This system is developed to overcome the inability of the vehicles to detect the obstacle from the front side and the drowsiness of the driver and do the necessary safe actions thus, reducing the road accidents.

Analytical Modeling of Heat Transfer Coefficient Analysis in Dimensionless Number of an Electric Parking Brake Using CFD

The present study intends the development of an electric parking brake (EPB) for commercial vehicles (CVs). CVs with EPB applications are currently available in an entirely different set of issues than EPB applications on passenger cars, which are presently widely used. Safe parking requires much more focus with an order of magnitude, more thermal capacity, brake mass, and clamp pressures. In the first instance, heat loss from the brake disc was estimated. The investigations also allowed for precise prediction of radiative heat loss by defining surface emissivity. The parameters of air movement, convective heat transfer coefficients, and velocities were investigated, and validation was done with the CFD model. When the temperature dropped to 252 °C, the maximum estimated value of the Nusselt number was 72.25. Nusselt number pattern that looks identical over the arc surface yields 13.38 percent better results. Nu values at maximum temperature were calculated to be 80.5 and 82.6 at 251.8 °C. The “hconv” value was 4.1 percent lower than in the arc region, with the highest value at 400°C being 11.5 W/m2K. The present study adopted unique approach and obtained brake disc temperature and the coefficient of convective heat transfer on disc friction surfaces and hat regions. CFD modeling was done during the cooling phase to evaluate flow patterns and “hconv” fluctuation across the entire disc brake surface area. The mathematical modeling and adopted methodology for computing heat transfer coefficients for different disc regions have helped to better understand of a CV brake disc heat dissipation.

Analisis Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Untuk Meningkatkan Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Alfamart Sidoyoso Kota Surabaya

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the level of importance (Importance) and satisfaction (Satisfaction) of consumers on the quality of service in a company and to determine the attributes that are priority improvements to improve service quality at Alfamart Sidoyoso Surabaya City. The method used in this research is quantitative. The population in this study are consumers who visit and buy at Alfamart Sidoyoso, Surabaya City with at least one purchase and are aged 15-64 years. The samples used in this study were 100 respondents. There are five dimensions of service quality which include Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, Tangible, which are analyzed through Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Potential Gain in Customer Value (PGCV). Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out on twenty indicators, it is known that there are 4 indicators that must be improved, namely safe parking lots, employees are able to handle complaints and problems quickly, cleanliness of Alfamart Sidoyoso outlets, employees respond to consumer requests quickly.

Analisis Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Untuk Meningkatkan Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Alfamart Sidoyoso Kota Surabaya

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the level of importance (Importance) and satisfaction (Satisfaction) of consumers on the quality of service in a company and to determine the attributes that are priority improvements to improve service quality at Alfamart Sidoyoso Surabaya City. The method used in this research is quantitative. The population in this study are consumers who visit and buy at Alfamart Sidoyoso, Surabaya City with at least one purchase and are aged 15-64 years. The samples used in this study were 100 respondents. There are five dimensions of service quality which include Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, Tangible, which are analyzed through Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Potential Gain in Customer Value (PGCV). Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out on twenty indicators, it is known that there are 4 indicators that must be improved, namely safe parking lots, employees are able to handle complaints and problems quickly, cleanliness of Alfamart Sidoyoso outlets, employees respond to consumer requests quickly.

Who Lives in Vehicles and Why? Understanding Vehicular Homelessness in Los Angeles

Homelessness continues to grow and to affect the lives of an increasingly diverse group of individuals. Many scholars have studied people living in homeless shelters and outdoors in tents. An overlooked population is the growing number of the unhoused living in vehicles. We draw on data from the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority’s Homeless Demographic Survey to understand the characteristics of people living in vehicles and the extent to which they differ from the nonvehicular unhoused population. Compared to those living in tents, in makeshift shelters, and in public spaces, people living in vehicles are more likely to be women and to live in larger households with children, and are less likely to be chronically unhoused. These findings will help effectively target policies and services. Safe parking programs can provide temporary relief to those living in vehicles and, if done well, the interventions necessary to transition into permanent housing.

Spatio-temporal heuristic method: a trajectory planning for automatic parking considering obstacle behavior

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a real-time trajectory planner with optimal maneuver for autonomous vehicles to deal with dynamic obstacles during parallel parking. Design/methodology/approach To deal with dynamic obstacles for autonomous vehicles during parking, a long- and short-term mixed trajectory planning algorithm is proposed in this paper. In long term, considering obstacle behavior, A-star algorithm was improved by RS curve and potential function via spatio-temporal map to obtain a safe and efficient initial trajectory. In short term, this paper proposes a nonlinear model predictive control trajectory optimizer to smooth and adjust the trajectory online based on the vehicle kinematic model. Moreover, the proposed method is simulated and verified in four common dynamic parking scenarios by ACADO Toolkit and QPOASE solver. Findings Compared with the spline optimization method, the results show that the proposed method can generate efficient obstacle avoidance strategies, safe parking trajectories and control parameters such as the front wheel angle and velocity in high-efficient central processing units. Originality/value It is aimed at improving the robustness of automatic parking system and providing a reference for decision-making in a dynamic environment.

Optimization of Samarinda City Parking Retribution Revenue Through e-Parking Innovation

e-Parking is a parking service to realize safe, comfortable and transparent parking, which is expected to be able to launch progressive rates so that disputes between parking attendants and the community can be avoided. E-Parking is intended to reduce the practice of illegal parking attendants and retribution leakage can be overcome. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with interview, observation and documentation data collection techniques. To assess the effectiveness of E-Parking using Budiani's theory which includes the accuracy of program targets, program socialization, program objectives and monitoring. The results showed that the city government of Samarindah has succeeded in providing a tax service program to the government. There are also several program objectives that have been achieved because the accuracy of the target has been right where the target is the community, the Samarinda City Transportation Service and the Parking Interpreter. The monitoring of the program has been effective, followed by mentoring and evaluation of improvements that have been routinely carried out.

Planning for and Against Vehicular Homelessness

Problem, research strategy, and findings Shelter is a necessity, yet approximately 17 out of every 10,000 people in the United States are unhoused. Public attention to homelessness has centered on individuals sitting and sleeping in public spaces. However, as many as 50% of the unsheltered live in vehicles. For people sleeping in vehicles, finding a safe place to park is an ongoing challenge, further complicated by the growing number of ordinances restricting vehicular dwelling. We drew on point-in-time count data from the Los Angeles (CA) Homeless Services Authority to examine spatial patterns of vehicular homelessness in Los Angeles from 2016 to 2020. We tested the relationship between the presence of vehicle regulations and the number of people sleeping in vehicles. Although the data likely underestimated vehicular homelessness, we found that ordinances directly reduced the number of people living in vehicles in particular census tracts. On average, cities with citywide and overnight bans had greater impacts on people sleeping in vehicles than cities with less restrictive ordinances. However, the indirect effects in neighboring tracts were stronger and demonstrate the role of these ordinances in simply shifting the vehicular homeless between areas. Takeaway for practice Given the slow pace of delivering permanent housing for people experiencing homelessness, cities should reduce the harm and precariousness of living in vehicles. Strategies to do this include the reform of punitive vehicle towing and vehicle dwelling regulations. Safe parking programs can provide individuals with a safe place to park their vehicles at night, offer ancillary services, and deter harassment from neighborhood residents and the police. Longer term, transformative change will require additional policies and programs to place people into permanently affordable housing.

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Pedestrian and Independent Vehicle Safety Fortification Using Intelligent Perception

The Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor is utilized to track each sensed obstructions at their respective locations with their relative distance, speed, and direction; such sensitive information forwards to the cloud server to predict the vehicle-hit, traffic congestion and road damages. Learn the behaviour of the state to produce an appropriate reward as the recommendation to avoid tragedy. Deep Reinforcement Learning and Q-network predict the complexity and uncertainty of the environment to generate optimal reward to states. Consequently, it activates automatic emergency braking and safe parking assistance to the vehicles. In addition, the proposed work provides safer transport for pedestrians and independent vehicles. Compared to the newer methods, the proposed system experimental results achieved 92.15% higher prediction rate accuracy. Finally, the proposed system saves many humans, animal lives from the vehicle hit, suggests drivers for rerouting to avoid unpredictable traffic, saves fuel consumption, and avoids carbon emission.