Safe Care Environment Research Articles

Behind the scenes: a qualitative study on threats and violence in emergency medical services

The increasing prevalence of threats and violence against ambulance clinicians is a critical issue that has not been adequately studied. These incidents pose significant challenges to the provision of prehospital emergency care, affecting both the safety and well-being of the clinicians involved. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Swedish ambulance clinicians when encountering threats and violence during their work. A qualitative approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with 11 ambulance clinicians from various regions of Sweden. The participants were selected to ensure diversity in gender, age, and educational background. The data were collected over three weeks in 2021 and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis revealed three key categories related to the challenges faced by ambulance clinicians: Police cooperation challenges, Strategies for a safe care environment, and Impact during and relief after stressful events. These categories highlight the complexities of managing threats and violence in the field. This study sheds light on the multifaceted challenges that ambulance clinicians face due to threats and violence. It underscores the urgent need for comprehensive training, effective communication, and clear role allocation in complex situations. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of organized support systems to help clinicians cope with the aftermath of stressful events.

Exploring Systems Thinking and Systemic Design: Insights from a Summer School Experiment Addressing Urban Health Crises

This paper relates urban healthcare crises to the global challenges of overshoot and collapse and suggests systems thinking as an innovative approach towards addressing these amalgamated crisis situations. We begin by reviewing what systems are and how they are structured and behave, highlighting how systems thinking can identify high-leverage interventions and systemic design to achieve effective change. Subsequently, we illustrate how these system concepts were applied in an international, multidisciplinary summer school between European and Southeast Asian partners in collaboration with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Technical Science for Health Network (Téchne). Examining how ventilation, temperature, humidity, and daylighting control strategies enhance Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), the initiative developed ideas and designs for a multiple disease treatment center that would provide isolation units and create a safe care environment for patients, families, and communities. The design process was informed through consultation with three physically and socio-economically diverse neighborhoods across the Bangkok Metropolitan Region to gain a richer understanding of the varied experiences and approaches in managing the COVID-19 disruption. Leveraging WHO guidelines, students adopted a systemic design approach to develop innovative solutions that could withstand natural hazards and used local materials and natural ventilation to prevent airborne infection and control indoor temperature. In conclusion, we propose a novel working model linking specific stages of systemic thinking and systemic design into a generalized, iterative urban and healthcare design framework that will be further refined as part of specific electives at the KU Leuven Faculty of Architecture and joint summer schools in 2023, 2024 and beyond.

Guidelines in Practice: A Safe Environment of Care.

Creating a safe environment for performing surgical procedures is essential to achieve successful patient outcomes and protect the perioperative personnel who are providing care. Numerous factors challenge the provision of a safe environment of care and create a complex setting for perioperative nurses to manage. The updated AORN "Guideline for a safe environment of care" provides perioperative nurses with recommendations for establishing a safe environment for both patients and personnel. This article provides an overview of the guideline and discusses recommendations for implementing fire safety protocols, using warming cabinets, and creating a latex-safe environment. It also includes a scenario describing the care of a patient with an unidentified latex allergy who is undergoing a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and hiatal hernia repair. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and implement recommendations as applicable in operative and other procedural settings.

Developing an OR Environmental Rounds Protocol to Ensure a Safe Environment of Care.

Developing an OR Environmental Rounds Protocol to Ensure a Safe Environment of Care.

Infection Prevention Measures for Service Recipients in Postpartum Care Homes

<p>產後護理之家服務對象，包括產後未滿二個月產婦及出生未滿二個月嬰兒。又嬰兒出生後來自母親的抗體逐漸消退，且免疫力尚未達到成熟階段，感染疾病風險高及可能嚴重併發症，因此對於服務對象入住機構內健康管理、包括疾病監測、疑似感染及適當隔離等，防範於未然及有效感染控制措施至為重要，各項感染管制訂定如：陪住家屬及訪客管理，遵守政府規範防疫政策；服務對象之配膳、飲食衛生、哺餵、哺育器材清消，飲用水衛生安全、供水設施等措施並落實執行，維護產婦、嬰兒及工作人員等之健康，建構優質安全環境，提升照護品質。機構管理者及工作人員應瞭解基本的感染預防及管制策略，確實執行應用，避免機構內感染及群聚事件，且配合衛生主管機關評鑑及感染管制查核督導，強化各項感染管制措施，共築完善防疫網。</p> <p> </p><p>Postpartum care homes provide services to mothers and infants in the first 2 months after birth. During this time, antibodies from the mother gradually diminish in infants, whose immunity is insufficiently mature, placing them at high risk of contracting diseases and developing serious complications. Therefore, adhering to and implementing strict infection control measures is crucial. For service recipients of health management in postpartum homes, infectious disease monitoring, isolation precautions, rules for managing family members and visitors, disease control regulations, meal preparation and feeding hygiene, access to cleaning and disinfection equipment, and regular cleaning and disinfection of water supplies are all critical measures for improving service quality and creating a high-quality and safe care environment. Institutional managers and staff must understand basic infection prevention and control strategies and carefully implement them to avoid infections and cluster incidents in postpartum homes. They must also cooperate with health authorities for institution accreditation, infection control inspection, and supervision to strengthen infection control measures and create comprehensive epidemic prevention strategies.</p> <p> </p>

Interpersonal patient-therapeutic team communication during COVID-19 pandemic – selected problems

Introduction. Interpersonal communication is an important element of effective cooperationbetween a patient and therapeutic team. Patients ill with COVID-19 during the pandemicespecially needed a direct contact with medical staff. Introduction of modern technologiesduring COVID-19 pandemic enabled interpersonal communication between a patient andtherapeutic team.Objective: The aim of the study was presentation of the selected elements of interpersonalcommunication in the work of a nurse between a patient and therapeutic team during COVID-19 pandemic.Material and Methods. The problem of interpersonal communication between a patient andtherapeutic team during COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed based on the results of scientificstudies and perceptual experiences.Results. COVID-19 pandemic was a new challenge for therapeutic teams in patient care intreatment facilities, to provide an effective interpersonal communication. In order to improvethe quality of interpersonal communication alternative forms of communication with patientswere applied. During the COVID-19 pandemic social media played a special role in primaryhealth care. Efforts undertaken by medical staff also had to be focused on safe environment ofcare and safe work conditions.Conclusions. Interpersonal communication between a patient and therapeutic team should beimproved during the pandemic considering the provision of a high quality services for patientsin a state of threat to health and life. An improvement of the effectiveness of interpersonalcommunication is conditioned by the implementation of alternative forms of communicationwith a patient, efficient functioning of social media, provision of safe environment of patientcare and safe work conditions for medical staff.

Integrating Experiential Informatics and Quality Improvement in Baccalaureate Education.

Current education for prelicensure students addresses informatics, typically focusing on theory, terminology, and an overview of systems. This leaves health partners with the burden of teaching "bedside" informatics skills. Utilizing an innovative new model, a course was developed to bridge the gap between theory and practical application. Students join mock clinical practice councils and perform chart audits to understand the important role of informatics in quality improvement. By using practical bedside informatics tools and applications, students learn to improve patient outcomes and safe care environments in alignment with current expectations.

The Diversity Compass: a clinical ethics support instrument for dialogues on diversity in healthcare organizations

BackgroundIncreasing social pluralism adds to the already existing variety of heterogeneous moral perspectives on good care, health, and quality of life. Pluralism in social identities is also connected to health and care disparities for minoritized patient (i.e. care receiver) populations, and to specific diversity-related moral challenges of healthcare professionals and organizations that aim to deliver diversity-responsive care in an inclusive work environment. Clinical ethics support (CES) services and instruments may help with adequately responding to these diversity-related moral challenges. However, although various CES instruments exist to support healthcare professionals with dealing well with morally challenging situations in healthcare, current tools do not address challenges specifically related to moral pluralism and intersectional aspects of diversity and social justice issues. This article describes the content and developmental process of a novel CES instrument called the Diversity Compass. This instrument was designed with and for healthcare professionals to dialogically address and reflect on moral challenges related to intersectional aspects of diversity and social justice issues that they experience in daily practice.MethodsWe used a participatory development design to develop the Diversity Compass at a large long-term care organization in a major city in the Netherlands. Over a period of thirteen months, we conducted seven focus groups with healthcare professionals and peer-experts, carried out five expert interviews, and facilitated four meetings with a community of practice consisting of various healthcare professionals who developed and tested preliminary versions of the instrument throughout three cycles of iterative co-creation.ResultsThe Diversity Compass is a practical, dialogical CES instrument that is designed as a small booklet and includes an eight-step deliberation method, as well as a guideline with seven recommendations to support professionals with engaging in dialogue when they are confronted with diversity-related moral challenges. The seven recommendations are key components in working toward creating an inclusive and safe space for dialogue to occur.ConclusionsThe Diversity Compass seeks to support healthcare professionals and organizations in their efforts to facilitate awareness, moral learning and joint reflection on moral challenges related to diversity and social justice issues. It is the first dialogical CES instrument that specifically acknowledges the role of social location in shaping moral perspectives or experiences with systemic injustices. However, to make healthcare more just, an instrument like the Diversity Compass is not enough on its own. In addition to the Diversity Compass, a systemic and structural approach to social justice issues in healthcare organizations is needed in order to foster a more inclusive, safe and diversity-responsive care and work environment in health care organizations.

Возможности, проблемы и перспективы информационных технологий в сфере клинической безопасности.

The article describes the possibilities of using information technology (IT) to ensure patient safety. The role of IT is examined in three aspects of patient safety: creating a safe health care environment, safely delivering health care, and assessing patient safety. Purpose of the study is to explore the current state of information technology and environmental factors in the field of clinical safety. Materials and methods. Analyze the current capabilities of using information technology to ensure patient safety in three aspects: creating a safe environment for the provision of medical care, safe delivery of medical care and assessing patient safety. Based on the results of the analysis, determine the problems and prospects of information technologies in the field of clinical safety. Results. One of the components of a safe medical care environment is a patient’s personal account. Research examining the impact of patient privacy on health care safety is an important and promising area for future research. It is stated that today without IT it is impossible to create safe conditions for the provision of medical care. Based on the results of the analysis of the problem of the relevance of medical knowledge, the need for a transition to medical ecosystems is stated for a comprehensive solution to patient safety problems, including in relation to the use of DSS in medicine. Approaches to solving IT problems in the field of clinical safety are proposed, which are to optimally integrate compliance functions of multiple requirements and clinical data coming from different sources into complex medical technological processes, ensuring maximum patient safety with minimal complication of these processes. The assessment of compliance (certification) with safety standards is described as one of the ways to confirm the compliance of the results of activities with the requirements of not only quality, but also safety for the patient. Findings. There is a need to intensify research on the impact of health IT on patient safety, with particular attention to improving methods for identifying side effects and assessing patient safety, clinical decision support systems, adequate representation of biomedical knowledge, patient personal accounts, ecosystem solutions and support for continuity of care using IT, and also to the use of informatization criteria in the development and improvement of standards for the quality and safety of medical care.

The Factors of Job Satisfaction Among Nurses

Introduction: Hospital as health service center must really pay attention to the importance of health services to patients that rely on human resources. Job satisfaction among nurses is one of the factors that contribute to maintaining the quality of health services. As health workers who are directly involved in providing care to patients, nurses have a very strategic role in meeting patient needs and creating a safe, comfortable, and effective care environment.
 Methods: Research uses an analytical survey design with a cross sectional approach. The population was all 559 nurses. The number of samples was 233, using the proportional sampling method. Data collection using questionnaires, has been tested for validity and reliability test with r value above 0.361. Analysis techniques using chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis.
 Results: Perception of the nursing manager leadership variable shows an average value of 2.31, which means that the nursing manager leadership is good category. Based on the Chi-Square results, it is known that nursing manager leadership, social support, work family conflict, have a significant relationship with nurse job satisfaction with a p value ≤0.05. Meanwhile, the gender variable does not have a significant relationship with nurses job satisfaction with p value> 0.05 Multivariate analysis with ordinal regression test shows that social support with a p value = 0.00 <0.25 and Wald (OR) value of 15.856 is the largest.
 Conclution: There is a significant relationship between leadership and job satisfaction of nurses and there is also a significant relationship between social support and job satisfaction of nurses.
 Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Manager, Leadership, Social Support, Nurses

Guideline for a Safe Environment of Care.

Guideline for a Safe Environment of Care.

Preparedness of healthcare professionals towards a new crisis: a short review of experiences, challenges, and lessons from the covid-19 pandemic

Background: The healthcare professionals have had to adapt their current practices and implement new strategies, to ensure a safe patient care environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, their training in the new conditions of the pandemic has been challenging. Aim: The aim of this short review is to provide a brief record of the experiences and challenges faced by healthcare professionals and how these can constitute lessons for a new health crisis. Method and Material: We conducted literature research in two electronic databases for the period from 2020 to 2022, using keywords. The collected material was classified based on the objectives set. A selection of literature sources was made, followed by a review with the creation of note cards. Results: The review of the selected sources reveals challenges in the practice of healthcare professionals, the continuation of professional development and research activities, as well as the adoption of digital technologies and tools for communication, information and training. The lack of experience of healthcare professionals from a previous pandemic crisis and the delay in the digital transformation of healthcare are some of the obstacles, which can become lessons for the preparedness of the healthcare systems towards a new health crisis. Conclusions: The findings highlight the essential role of a well-trained and well-informed healthcare workforce, to adequately face a health crisis. The analysis of these findings can contribute to the detection and identification of emerging needs of healthcare professionals, allowing policymakers to implement effective interventions for the continuing development of the workforce.

Registered nurses' efforts to ensure safety for home-dwelling older patients.

The international development of health care, an ageing population and rapid technical development mean that more care is being performed in patient homes. This care environment is often unpredictable and involves both formal and informal caregivers, making it potentially unsafe. There is sparse knowledge about how patient safety is protected in home health care in Sweden and how registered nurses work to prevent risks and promote safe care. The aim of the study was to explore registered nurses' efforts to reduce perceived risks for home-dwelling older patients and ensure safe home health care. We used a qualitative design with individual interviews with 13 registered nurses working in municipalities in southeast Sweden. The narratives were analysed with inductive content analysis. The findings showed that the registered nurses tried to secure a safe care environment and took an active role in care, striving to stay one step ahead of the patient. These three types of efforts are likely interdependent, suggesting they are all needed to reduce perceived risks for home-dwelling older patients and ensure patient safety in home health care. It is a challenge for registered nurses to maintain patient safety when performing care in patient homes. Continuity of care is required and must be based not only on self-reliance among registered nurses but also on trusting relationships with patients, next of kin, colleagues and other personnel, as well as on the development of organisational conditions adapted to patient needs.

Pharmacists’ perceptions and views regarding gender inequality in the pharmacy workforce

Abstract Introduction Gender equality, one of the main human rights, is a factor that catalyses the quality of healthcare. In the pharmacy workforce, there is evidence of gender inequality (GI). Females make up to 70% of the pharmacy personnel worldwide but they hold only 25% of leadership roles.1 This male-dominated leadership is a predictor of high rates of harassment.2 Sexual harassment (SH) is a sensitive topic, which concerns many professions. In the pharmacy profession, SH can happen at any point in the career. Nowadays, the dynamics of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ+) community (LGBTQ+c) have been growing, with its members claiming equal treatment with the rest of the society. LGBTQ+c may feel embarrassed and so avoid healthcare, which implies a poor health prognosis and exacerbates health inequalities.3 Aim This study aimed to identify pharmacists’ perceptions regarding GI, their experiences in SH and to explore their behaviours and practice in LGBTQ+c in Greece. Methods This quantitative research used a survey-based questionnaire (consisting of 6 sections and 55 multiple-choice and Likert scale questions, including on demographics, designed after an extensive literature search. The study was conducted in Corfu (the 4th largest island in Greece) based on the local knowledge and convenience of the researcher. A pilot study was also conducted for the validity and reliability of the questions with no further changes. The questionnaires were distributed electronically (March/April 2022) in all 117 pharmacies in Corfu. The data underwent descriptive statistical analysis. Prior to data collection, all documentation was ethically approved by the Pharmaceutical Association of Corfu in Greece. Results In total, 90 pharmacists responded positively and completed the questionnaire (response rate of 77%). A total of 63,3% (n=57) of the sample were female and 36,7% (n=33) were male pharmacists. It was also identified through responses that although women are satisfactorily represented in the pharmacy profession (80%, n=72), the leading positions are occupied by men. (88.9%, n=80). Furthermore, it was observed that female pharmacists receive verbal violence and SH more often, both in the community pharmacy (96.6%, n=86) and in the university (66.3%, n=59). The effects of such behavior appeared to exert psychological pressure on the pharmacist, resulting in reduced performance (83.3%, n=75). Pharmacists (81.2%, n=73) expressed the need of a more specialised education on how to deal with patients from LGBTQ+c. Discussion/Conclusion This appears to be the first study exploring GI in the pharmacy profession in Greece, the forms in which it manifests, the ways of dealing with it, and the parameters regarding the management of LGBTQ+c in the pharmacy premises. The study’s limitations included the small sample size, the minimum data collection period (two months) and the location (Corfu); thus, the results might not be generalisable. In conclusion, further training may eliminate GI in the pharmacy workforce and contribute to the formation of a more multifaceted cognitive spectrum that will strengthen the pharmacists’ role in the provision of a fully integrated care to all patients and to provide a safe care environment for people belonging to the LGBTQ+c.

Medical-surgical nurse leaders' experiences with safety culture: An inductive qualitative descriptive study.

The aim of this study is to describe safety culture as experienced by medical-surgical nurse leaders. Safety culture remains a barrier in safer patient care. Nurse leaders play an important role in creating and supporting a safety culture. We used an inductive qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews, document review and observations in a Midwestern community hospital in the United States. Results of the study are as follows: making sure nurses are keeping patients safe, making sure nurses have nursing interventions in place, expecting nurses to stop unsafe acts or escalate when they feel uncomfortable, making sure nurses have what they need to provide safe care, organization prioritizes patient safety and making sure nurses are learning and growing emerged as themes describing safety culture. Nurse leaders made sure patients were safe by making sure everyone was doing their best to provide safe care. Insufficient time, too many priorities, insufficient resources, poor physician behaviours and lack of respect for their role emerged as barriers to leading a safety culture. Organizations must remove barriers for nurse leaders to develop and lead a safety culture. Nurse leaders must learn to advocate successfully for safe nursing care and professional work environments.

Critical Care Clinicians' Experiences of Patient Safety During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

It is unknown how hospital- and systems-level factors have impacted patient safety in the intensive care unit (ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to understand how the pandemic has exacerbated preexisting patient safety issues and created novel patient safety challenges in ICUs in the United States. We performed a national, multi-institutional, mixed-methods survey of critical care clinicians to elicit experiences related to patient safety during the pandemic. The survey was disseminated via email through the Society of Critical Care Medicine listserv. Data were reported as valid percentages, compared by COVID caseload and peak of the pandemic; free-text responses were analyzed and coded for themes. We received 335 survey responses. On general patient safety, 61% felt that conditions were more hazardous when compared with the prepandemic period. Those who took care of mostly COVID-19 patients were more likely to perceive that care was more hazardous (odds ratio, 4.89; 95% CI, 2.49-9.59) compared with those who took care of mostly non-COVID-19 or no COVID-19 patients. In free-text responses, providers identified patient safety risks related to pandemic adaptations, such as ventilator-related lung injury, medication and diagnostic errors, oversedation, oxygen device removal, and falls. Increased COVID-19 case burden was significantly associated with perceptions of a less safe patient care environment by frontline ICU clinicians. Results of the qualitative analysis identified specific patient safety hazards in ICUs across the United States as downstream consequences of hospital and provider strain during periods of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Creation and impact of containment units with high-risk zones during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) required swift preparation to protect healthcare personnel (HCP) and patients, especially considering shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE). Due to the lack of a pre-existing biocontainment unit, we needed to develop a novel approach to placing patients in isolation cohorts while working with the pre-existing physical space. To prevent disease transmission to non-COVID-19 patients and HCP caring for COVID-19 patients, to optimize PPE usage, and to provide a comfortable and safe working environment. An interdisciplinary workgroup developed a combination of approaches to convert existing spaces into COVID-19 containment units with high-risk zones (HRZs). We developed standard workflow and visual management in conjunction with updated staff training and workflows. The infection prevention team created PPE standard practices for ease of use, conservation, and staff safety. The interventions resulted in 1 possible case of patient-to-HCP transmission and zero cases of patient-to-patient transmission. PPE usage decreased with the HRZ model while maintaining a safe environment of care. Staff on the COVID-19 units were extremely satisfied with PPE availability (76.7%) and efforts to protect them from COVID-19 (72.7%). Moreover, 54.8% of HCP working in the COVID-19 unit agreed that PPE monitors played an essential role in staff safety. The HRZ model of containment unit is an effective method to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with several benefits. It is easily implemented and scaled to accommodate census changes. Our experience suggests that other institutions do not need to modify existing physical structures to create similarly protective spaces.

Affirmative neuropsychological practice with transgender and gender diverse individuals and communities

Objective: To provide guidance and resources on how to practice culturally safe and humble neuropsychology with transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals and communities. Methods: We gathered a multidisciplinary team of clinicians with relevant professional and/or lived experience to review pertinent literature, discuss important concepts, and identify key resources. From this process, we outline practical steps to advance gender affirmative neuropsychological practice. Results: Professional awareness and knowledge regarding how to gather context-relevant, gender identity information is critical. TGD individuals form a heterogenous group; a one-size-fits-all approach is not adequate. It is incumbent upon neuropsychologists to engage in clinical and research practices in a manner that does not perpetuate gender minority stress and trauma. Creating an open, safe environment of care requires intentionality and careful thinking to determine what information is relevant for a particular referral question. We provide recommendations and resources for neuropsychologists. Conclusion: When neuropsychologists are proactive, responsible, and intentional, they can better provide individualized, person-centered, and trauma-informed care to TGD individuals.

Representation of Sexual and Gender Minority People in Patient Nondiscrimination Policies of Cancer Centers in the United States.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are an underserved population who face high rates of discrimination in healthcare, including receipt of cancer treatment. Several national organizations have identified the importance of patient nondiscrimination policies that explicitly recognize SGM people in creating safe healthcare environments. We performed a web-based analysis of NCI-designated Cancer Centers to evaluate the landscape of patient nondiscrimination policies in major cancer centers with regard to representation of SGM people. We found that 82% of cancer centers had a patient nondiscrimination policy on their website. The most commonly mentioned SGM-related term was "sex" (n=48; 89%), followed by "sexual orientation" (n=37; 69%) and "gender identity" (n=36; 67%). None of the policies included "sex assigned at birth" or "LGBTQ/SGM identity." Of the policies reviewed, 65% included protections for both sexual orientation and gender identity. Cancer centers with academic affiliations were significantly more likely to have policies that included both of these protections compared with nonacademic institutions (100% vs 79%; P=.005). Our study shows that patient nondiscrimination policies across NCI-designated Cancer Centers are not always accessible to patients and their families online and do not consistently represent SGM people in their content. Because the SGM population is both at higher risk for cancer and for discrimination in the healthcare setting, it is crucial to create inclusive, safe, and equitable cancer care environments for this group. Administrators and clinicians should view the patient nondiscrimination policy as an opportunity to offer expansive protections to SGM people that extend beyond those offered in federal and state laws. Additionally, the patient nondiscrimination policy should be visible and accessible to patients seeking cancer care as a signal of safety and inclusion.

Faculty, Preceptor, and Students' Perceptions of the Need for Trauma-Informed Education: Recommendations for Implementation.

The widespread physical, mental, and emotional health impacts of trauma are well established. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an approach that uses knowledge about trauma and its effects to create safe care environments. Using a concurrent mixed-methods design, this study assessed faculty, preceptor, and students' perceptions about the need for TIC content in nursing education. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 faculty, and cross-sectional survey data were collected from a nonprobability sample of 99 nursing students at a large Midwestern university to evaluate the need for education on TIC. Faculty and preceptors stressed the importance of education on TIC and discussed barriers and facilitators to implementation. Nursing students reported that it is important to learn about TIC, yet do not feel prepared to provide TIC. The results illustrate the need for nursing content on TIC and provide recommendations for trauma-informed educational practices.