Saccharomyces Cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 Research Articles

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 and calcium clinoptilolite zeolite compared with tylosin phosphate and negative control on health, performance, carcass outcomes, and liver abscesses of dairy-beef cross feedlot cattle*

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 and calcium clinoptilolite zeolite compared with tylosin phosphate and negative control on health, performance, carcass outcomes, and liver abscesses of dairy-beef cross feedlot cattle*

Multifactorial inhibition of Candida albicans by combinations of lactobacilli and probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856

Strategies against the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans based on probiotic microorganisms represent a promising alternative to traditional antifungals. Here, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillaceae isolates from fermented foods or the human vagina, alone or in combination with the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856, against C. albicans in vitro. Nine out of nineteen tested strains of Lactobacillaceae inhibited growth of C. albicans with inhibition zones of 1–3 mm in spot assays. Five out of nineteen lactobacilli tested as such or in combination with S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 also significantly inhibited C. albicans hyphae formation, including Limosilactobacillus fermentum LS4 and L. fermentum LS5 resulting in respectively 62% and 78% hyphae inhibition compared to the control. Thirteen of the tested nineteen lactobacilli aggregated with the yeast form of C. albicans, with Lactiplantibacillus carotarum AMBF275 showing the strongest aggregation. The aggregation was enhanced when lactobacilli were combined with S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856. No significant antagonistic effects were observed between the tested lactobacilli and S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856. The multifactorial activity of Lactobacillaceae strains alone or combined with the probiotic S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 against C. albicans without antagonistic effects between the beneficial strains, paves the way for developing consortium probiotics for in vivo applications.

The Role of Oral Probiotics in Alleviating Inflammation, Symptom Relief, and Postoperative Recurrence and Their Side Effects in Adults With Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong problem for patients, despite having multiple pharmacological options and surgeries fortreatment. In order to achieve best results, probiotics are being used even though their efficacy is still debatable. This systematic review analyzes the safety and efficacy of several probiotics in CD. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect are the databases searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), animal studies, in vitro studies, and reviews. After quality appraisal and cross checking the literature, this systematic review is carried out grounded on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 (PRISMA 2020)guidelines. A study of 16 papers in total which include nearly 2023 subjectsshowed thatonly very few probiotics are efficient in furnishing remission in CD complaints. Kefir, an inexpensive fermented milk product, significantly reduced the inflammation and drastically bettered the quality of life and hence can be considered as an asset for CD patients. Lactobacillus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus licheniformis can control diarrhea in patients of 22-54-year age group and improve cognitive reactivity in sad mood with short-term consumption. VSL#3 (VSL Pharmaceuticals,Gaithersburg,Maryland, United States) has good efficacy in precluding recurrence and easing side effects after ileocecal resection in adults. Animal models and lab studies have proved that Lactobacillus plantarum CBT LP3, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeCNCM I-3856 (yeast), few strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium animalis spp., Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1, Lactobacillus paracasei 101/37, and especially Bifidobacterium breve Bbr8are significant enough to ameliorate the disease condition. In conclusion, probiotics are safe in CD with very few modifiable side effects. Some probiotics are proven to be significant in animal and lab studies; hence, these should be studied in human RCTs, to check their efficiency in human beings. There are limited observational and interventional studies in this regard. Large population-sizes trials are highly demanded in theareas of prognosticated positive results that are mentioned in this systematic review.

Outcome-Specific Efficacy of Different Probiotic Strains and Mixtures in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease. The efficacy of different probiotics in treating IBS remains controversial. This network meta-analysis aimed to compare and rank the outcome-specific efficacy of different probiotic strains or combinations in adults with IBS. We searched the literature up to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of probiotics in IBS were included. A frequentist framework was used to perform this study. In total, 9253 participants from 81 RCTs were included in the study. Four probiotic strains and five mixtures were significantly superior to placebo in improving IBS Symptom Severity Scale, among which Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 ranked first (surface under the cumulative ranking, SUCRA, 92.9%). A mixture containing five probiotics (SUCRA, 100%) ranked first in improving the IBS-Quality of life. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 (SUCRA, 96.9%) and Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 (SUCRA, 92.6%) were among the most effective probiotics for improving abdominal pain. Three probiotic strains and two mixtures were effective in alleviating abdominal bloating. Four probiotic strains and a mixture were significantly superior to placebo in reducing the bowel movement frequency in diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 (SUCRA, 99.6%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 (SUCRA, 89.7%) were among the most effective probiotics for improving the Bristol stool form scale of IBS-D. Only some probiotics are effective for particular outcomes in IBS patients. This study provided the first ranking of outcome-specific efficacy of different probiotic strains and combinations in IBS. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

52 Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 on the intestinal environment, gut permeability, and markers of systemic inflammation in horses fed a high starch diet

Probiotics may balance the hindgut environment and relieve systemic inflammation in horses fed high starch concentrates to meet energy requirements. Therefore, 30 mature Quarter Horse geldings (545 ± 58 kg BW) were used in a randomized complete design for 32-d to test the hypothesis that supplemental live Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (SC; Levucell® SC Advantage) stabilizes the intestinal environment, reduces gut permeability, and decreases inflammation when horses are fed a high starch diet. Horses were stratified by BW, age, and body condition score (BCS) and randomly assigned treatments consisting of either a concentrate formulated with 2g starch • kg BW−1 • meal−1 (CON, n = 15) or the same concentrate top-dressed with 25 g/d SC(TRT, n = 15) containing 20 billion cfu. Horses were fed individually in stalls (3 × 3 m) every 12 h. Between meals, horses were housed in adjacent dry lots with ad libitum access to Coastal bermudagrass hay and water. On d 0 and 32, BW and BCS were recorded and blood samples were collected immediately before feeding (h 0) and at h 2, 8, 16, and 24 post meal. Samples were analyzed for serum D-lactate using a colorimetric assay, chemokine (CCL2) and cytokine (TNFα) concentrations were measured using a multiplex platform, and whole blood 16s rRNA sequencing was performedusing Illumina MiSeq. Fecal samples were obtained on d 0, 16, and 32 via rectal palpation before the morning meal and at h 8, 16, and 24 post meal. Fecal pH was determined using a portable pH meter and fecal starch was measured via concentration analysis. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS v9.4. Non-normal data (CCL2) were log-transformed. From d 0 to 32 BW increased (P ≤ 0.01), independent of treatment, with no change in BCS (P = 0.97). Fecal starch was undetectable indicating nearly complete digestion of dietary starch regardless of treatment. On d 0, fecal pH declined to h 16 (P ≤ 0.01) in both groups and returned to baseline by h 24 post meal. At h 0, CON had lower fecal pH on d 32 than d 0 (P ≤ 0.01). D-lactate peaked at h 8 on d 0, and CON was greater (P ≤ 0.01) than TRT. On d 32, D-lactate tended to be higher in TRT (P = 0.10) at 16 h post meal compared with CON. LogCCL2 and TNFα declined (P ≤ 0.02) across treatments to d 32. Fold change of percent reads from d 0 in bacterial 16s rRNA was not different between treatment groups. A high starch diet initially reduced fecal pH and increased BW but after 32 d, there was no difference in intestinal inflammation or gut permeability, regardless of SC supplementation.

Dietary Live Yeast Supplementation Influence on Cow’s Milk, Teat and Bedding Microbiota in a Grass-Diet Dairy System

The supplementation of animal feed with microbial additives remains questioning for the traditional or quality label raw milk cheeses with regard to microbial transfer to milk. We evaluated the effect of dietary administration of live yeast on performance and microbiota of raw milk, teat skin, and bedding material of dairy cows. Two balanced groups of cows (21 primiparous 114 ± 24 DIM, 18 multiparous 115 ± 33 DIM) received either a concentrate supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (1 × 1010 CFU/d) during four months (LY group) or no live yeast (C group). The microbiota in individual milk samples, teat skins, and bedding material were analysed using culture dependent techniques and high-throughput amplicon sequencing. The live yeast supplementation showed a numerical increase on body weight over the experiment and there was a tendency for higher milk yield for LY group. A sequence with 100% identity to that of the live yeast was sporadically found in fungal amplicon datasets of teat skin and bedding material but never detected in milk samples. The bedding material and teat skin from LY group presented a higher abundance of Pichia kudriavzevii reaching 53% (p < 0.05) and 10% (p < 0.05) respectively. A significant proportion of bacterial and fungal ASVs shared between the teat skin and the milk of the corresponding individual was highlighted.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevents postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease modeled by ileocecal resection in HLA-B27 transgenic rats

Postoperative recurrence (POR) after ileocecal resection (ICR) affects most Crohn's disease patients within 3-5 years after surgery. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) typified by the LF82 strain are pathobionts that are frequently detected in POR of Crohn's disease and have a potential role in the early stages of the disease pathogenesis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 is a probiotic yeast reported to inhibit AIEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and to favor their elimination from the gut. To evaluate the efficacy of CNCM I-3856 in preventing POR induced by LF82 in an HLA-B27 transgenic (TgB27) rat model. Sixty-four rats [strain F344, 38 TgB27, 26 control non-Tg (nTg)] underwent an ICR at the 12th wk (W12) of life and were sacrificed at the 18th wk (W18) of life. TgB27 rats were challenged daily with oral administration of LF82 (109 colony forming units (CFUs)/day (d), n = 8), PBS (n = 5), CNCM I-3856 (109 CFUs/d, n = 7) or a combination of LF82 and CNCM I-3856 (n = 18). nTg rats receiving LF82 (n = 5), PBS (n = 5), CNCM I-3856 (n = 7) or CNCM I-3856 and LF82 (n = 9) under the same conditions were used as controls. POR was analyzed using macroscopic (from 0 to 4) and histologic (from 0 to 6) scores. Luminal LF82 quantifications were performed weekly for each animal. Adherent LF82 and inflammatory/regulatory cytokines were quantified in biopsies at W12 and W18. Data are expressed as the median with the interquartile range. nTg animals did not develop POR. A total of 7/8 (87%) of the TgB27 rats receiving LF82 alone had POR (macroscopic score ≥ 2), which was significantly prevented by CNCM I-3856 administration [6/18 (33%) TgB27 rats, P = 0.01]. Macroscopic lesions were located 2 cm above the anastomosis in the TgB27 rats receiving LF82 alone and consisted of ulcerations with a score of 3.5 (2 - 4). Seven out of 18 TgB27 rats (39%) receiving CNCM I-3856 and LF82 had no macroscopic lesions. Compared to untreated TgB27 animals receiving LF82 alone, coadministration of CNCM I-3856 and LF82 significantly reduced the macroscopic [3.5 (2 - 4) vs 1 (0 - 3), P = 0.002] and histological lesions by more than 50% [4.5 (3.3 - 5.8) vs 2 (1.3 - 3), P = 0.003]. The levels of adherent LF82 were correlated with anastomotic macroscopic scores in TgB27 rats (r = 0.49, P = 0.006), with a higher risk of POR in animals having high levels of luminal LF82 (71.4% vs 25%, P = 0.02). Administration of CNCM I-3856 significantly reduced the levels of luminal and adherent LF82, increased the production of interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased the production of IL-23 and IL-17 in TgB27 rats. In a reliable model of POR induced by LF82 in TgB27 rats, CNCM I-3856 prevents macroscopic POR by decreasing LF82 infection and gut inflammation.

Biovalorization of Market Surplus Bread for Development of Probiotic-Fermented Potential Functional Beverages.

Bread wastage is a growing concern in many developed countries. This research aimed to explore the biovalorization of market surplus bread for the development of probiotic-fermented beverages in a zero-waste approach. Bread slurries with different initial total solid contents were inoculated with probiotics Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856, alone and in combination. Our results showed that, of all percentages tested, 5% (w/w, dry weight) initial total solid content resulted in better growth of the probiotics and higher cell counts, while the texture of bread slurries with concentrations higher than 5.0% was too thick and viscous for bread beverage developments. In addition, the development of probiotic-fermented bread beverages was feasible on various types of bread. Furthermore, food additives (sweetener and stabilizer) did not affect the growth of LGG and S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 in both mono- and co-culture fermentation. During shelf life measurement, co-inoculation of LGG with S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 significantly improved the survival of LGG compared to the mono-culture at 5 and 30 °C, demonstrating the protective effects provided by the yeast. Our study suggests the potential of using market surplus bread as raw materials to deliver live probiotics with sufficient cell counts.

Heteropolysaccharides from S. cerevisiae show anti-adhesive properties against E. coli associated with Crohn's disease

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 was previously reported to strongly inhibit adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and to favor AIEC elimination from the gut in a murine model of Crohn's disease in vivo. In order to identify which cell wall components of yeast are responsible for AIEC elimination, constituent polysaccharides of yeast were isolated and their anti-adhesive ability against AIEC adhesion in vitro was screened. A fraction containing mannan, β-glucan and α-glucan extracted from yeast cell-walls was shown to inhibit 95% of AIEC adhesion in vitro and was thus identified as the strongest anti-adhesive yeast cell wall component. Furthermore, this mannan-glucan-containing fraction was shown to accelerate AIEC decolonization from gut in vivo. This fraction could be proposed as a treatment to eliminate AIEC bacteria in patients with Crohn's disease, a microbial trigger of intestinal inflammation.

The use of live yeast to increase intake and performance of cattle receiving low-quality tropical forages

The objective was to evaluate the effects of a specific strain of live yeast (LY) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, feed efficiency, and bacterial communities in the rumen of growing cattle fed low-quality hay. In experiment (exp.) 1, 12 Droughtmaster bull calves (270 ± 7.6 kg initial body weight [BW]) were blocked by BW into two groups, allocated individually in pens, and fed ad libitum Rhodes grass hay (8.4% of crude protein [CP]) and 300 g/bull of supplement (52% CP) without (Control) or with LY (8 × 109 colony-forming unit [CFU]/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077; Lallemand Inc., Montreal, Canada) for 28 d, followed by 7 d in metabolism crates. Blood and rumen fluid were collected before feeding and 4 h after feeding. In exp. 2, for assessment of growth performance, 48 Charbray steers (329 ± 20.2 kg initial BW) were separated into two blocks by initial BW and randomly allocated into 12 pens. The steers were fed Rhodes grass hay (7.3% CP) and 220 g/steer of supplement (60% CP) without or with LY (8 × 109 CFU/d) for 42 d, after a 2-wk adaptation period. In exp. 1, fiber digestibility was calculated from total fecal collection, and, in exp 2, indigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was used as a marker. Inclusion of LY increased (P = 0.03) NDF intake by 8.3% in exp. 1, without affecting total tract digestibility. No changes were observed in microbial yield or in the efficiency of microbial production. There was a Treatment × Time interaction (P < 0.01) for the molar proportion of short-chain fatty acids, with LY increasing propionate before feeding. Inclusion of LY decreased rumen ammonia 4 h after feeding (P = 0.03). The addition of LY reduced rumen bacterial diversity and the intraday variation in bacterial populations. Relative populations of Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia varied over time (P < 0.05) only within the Control group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of an unclassified bacterial genus within the order Clostridiales, a group of cellulolytic bacteria, was reduced from 0 to 4 h after feeding in the Control group (P = 0.02) but not in the LY group (P = 1.00). During exp. 2, LY tended to increase average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.08) and feed efficiency (P = 0.10), with no effect on NDF intake or digestibility. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 reduced the intraday variation of rumen bacteria and increased the amount of NDF digested per day. These observations could be associated with the tendency of increased ADG and feed efficiency in growing cattle fed a low-quality forage.

Multi-targeted properties of the probiotic saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (ETEC) H10407 pathogenesis across human gut models

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common causes of acute traveler’s diarrhea. Adhesins and enterotoxins constitute the major ETEC virulence traits. With the dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance, probiotics are considered a wholesome alternative to prevent or treat ETEC infections. Here, we examined the antimicrobial properties of the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 against ETEC H10407 pathogenesis upon co-administration in the TNO gastrointestinal Model (TIM-1), simulating the physicochemical and enzymatic conditions of the human upper digestive tract and preventive treatment in the Mucosal Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (M-SHIME), integrating microbial populations of the ileum and ascending colon. Interindividual variability was assessed by separate M-SHIME experiments with microbiota from six human individuals. The probiotic did not affect ETEC survival along the digestive tract. However, ETEC pathogenicity was significantly reduced: enterotoxin encoding virulence genes were repressed, especially in the TIM-1 system, and a lower enterotoxin production was noted. M-SHIME experiments revealed that 18-days probiotic treatment stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in different gut regions (mucosal and luminal, ileum and ascending colon) while a stronger metabolic activity was noted in terms of short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and ethanol production. Moreover, the probiotic pre-treated microbiota displayed a higher robustness in composition following ETEC challenge compared to the control condition. We thus demonstrated the multi-inhibitory properties of the probiotic S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 against ETEC in the overall simulated human digestive tract, regardless of the inherent variability across individuals in the M-SHIME.

Recovery of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 in Vaginal Samples of Healthy Women after Oral Administration.

Bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis are common causes of impaired health and quality of life for women. Although antimicrobial agents remain the main strategy for the treatment of vaginal infections, their repeated use involves high rates of resistance and recurrence. Alternative approaches such as probiotics are studied. Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 already demonstrated beneficial effects in experimental models of vaginal infections. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to evaluate the recovery of S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 in vaginal samples in healthy women after oral consumption. Sixty healthy women were randomized to receive a daily dose of S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 or a placebo for 4 weeks. Subcultures and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect the strain in vaginal and stool samples. A safety assessment was carried out throughout the study. Fifty-seven women completed the study. Over the 4-week supplementation phase, S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 has been detected in the vaginal samples of 21% of women (n = 4/19) in the 500 mg Probiotic group and 16% of women (n = 3/19) in the 1000 mg Probiotic group. The strain was detected in the faeces of 90% of women consuming the probiotic. This is the first clinical study demonstrating the migration of yeast from intestine to vagina where it may exert its benefits.

Performance and milk composition of Holstein cows fed with dried malt bagasse and selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• Addition of selenized Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not improve fiber digestibility. • Use of selenium-enriched yeast increased the milk selenium concentration. • Use of selenium-enriched yeast had no effect oxidative stability of the milk. • Inclusion of malt bagasse reduced energy intake and microbial protein synthesis. • Inclusion of 24% dried malt bagasse reduced energy-corrected milk production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the performance, composition and quality of milk from cows fed diets containing dried malt bagasse. Eight Holstein cows were distributed in a 4 × 4 double Latin square. The treatments were in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme: with or without the inclusion of malt bagasse x with or without the addition of selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Dried malt bagasse was included at 24% in the dry matter (DM) of the diet; the amount of yeast supplied was 15 g/day and was composed of strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 containing 1.0 × 10 9 CFU/g and 170 mg selenium/kg. Cows fed diets containing malt bagasse presented lower intakes of DM, crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and higher intakes of ethereal extract and neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.05). The digestibility of DM and the NFC of the diets with malt bagasse were lower in relation to the diets without this ingredient (P < 0.01). The addition of yeast did not influence the intake and digestibility of nutrients or any blood parameters. The levels of cholesterol and triglycerides of cows fed malt bagasse were higher than those that did not receive this by-product (P < 0.01). There was an interaction for blood urea, wherein the concentrations of the malt bagasse diet were higher than the diets without bagasse and without bagasse with yeast (P < 0.05). Cows fed diets without malt bagasse and with yeast produced more microbial protein than those fed with malt bagasse and yeast (P < 0.05). The use of selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae had no effect on the production, composition and oxidative stability of the milk, but increased the milk selenium concentration (P < 0.05). The inclusion of malt bagasse reduced energy-corrected milk production, fat, protein, casein and total solids content of milk (P < 0.05), and increased milk urea nitrogen and the conjugated diene concentration (P < 0.01). Thus, the use of selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diet of lactating cows increased the selenium concentration, but did not improve the production and oxidative stability of the milk, whereas the inclusion of dried malt bagasse reduced energy intake, energy-corrected milk production and the milk fat and protein contents.

PSXIV-20 Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 on growth efficiency, feeding behavior, physiology, and carcass quality of yearling steers fed a high-grain diet

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Levucell SC (LY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077) supplementation on performance, feed efficiency, ruminal temperature, feeding behavior, and carcass quality traits in yearling steers. Forty-eight crossbred steers were randomly allocated into two treatments: (1) Control and (2) LY with two pen replicates per treatment (12 steers per pen). Steers were housed in pens equipped with GrowSafe and fitted with reticulo-rumen boluses. All steers were maintained on their respective dietary treatments until harvest to assess carcass traits. There were no differences amongst treatments in DMI, ADG, morbidity or mortality rates, ruminal temperature or F:G. Live-yeast supplemented steers had 17% greater (P = 0.05) backfat thickness than control steers, which resulted in a 13% increase in yield grade, with no differences in all other carcass traits. Live-yeast steers exhibited different feeding behavior patterns than control steers, such that LY steers approached the bunk 25 minutes earlier (P = 0.01) than control steers, had 22% greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) bunk visit (BV) duration, 41% increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) head down duration, 18% slower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) BV eating rates, and a tendency for 9% lower BV frequency. Meal criterion was 47% longer (P = 0.01) for LY steers resulting in a reduction (P = 0.07) in meal frequency. Additionally, LY steers consumed 27% longer meals (P &amp;lt; 0.05) that tended to be larger in size (P = 0.09). Although DMI was not different throughout the trial, LY displayed 10% decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) meal-eating rates due to longer meal lengths. Overall, LY steers approached the feed bunk sooner following feed delivery, ate fewer, but larger meals at a slower rate, and spent more time eating compared to control steers. Live-yeast supplementation clearly altered feeding behavior patterns, suggesting more favorable fermentation and the capability to mitigate metabolic stress in steers fed high-grain diets by altering meal patterns.

Efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as an add-on therapy for irritable bowel syndrome.

The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) lead to considerable impairment of health-related quality of life and high health care costs. Available therapies are not efficient in treating the symptoms of IBS. Studies have shown the beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 in the treatment of IBS. This was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. One hundred newly diagnosed subjects with IBS were subgrouped into IBS-D, IBS-C, and IBS-M and then randomized to the S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 and placebo groups. Saccharomyces cerevisiae/placebo was administered in addition to standard treatment for a period of 8weeks. Subjects were assessed for improvement of abdominal pain and change in stool consistency using a 7-point Likert scale and Bristol stool scale respectively. The mean reduction of abdominal pain score in the S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 group was statistically significant when compared with the placebo group (p < 0.001). Similar improvement was also seen in the subgroups. Improvement in stool consistency in IBS-D subgroup at the end of treatment period was found to be statistically significant in S. cerevisiae group when compared to that of placebo (p < 0.001). A similar improvement was seen in the IBS-C and IBS-M subgroups. No serious adverse events were recorded in both groups. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 in IBS at a dose of 2 billion CFU twice daily for 8weeks has shown to have an improvement in abdominal pain and stool consistency due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in subjects with IBS.

Review article: fungal alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Emerging data suggest that alterations in gut fungi may be associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In healthy individuals, gut commensal fungi act synergistically with other members of the microbiota to maintain homeostasis but their role in IBD is less clear. To review the role of gut fungi and their trans-kingdom interactions with bacteria in IBD METHODS: A literature search was conducted on Ovid and Pubmed to select relevant animal and human studies that have reported fungi and IBD. There is an increased total fungal load particularly of Candida and Malassezia species in the faeces and mucosa of Crohn's disease patients, and a lower fungal diversity in the faeces of ulcerative colitis patients. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (CARD)-9 polymorphism in Crohn's disease patients favours Malassezia colonisation that worsens gut inflammation. Diet high in carbohydrates increased the total abundance of Candida species, whereas protein-rich diet had the opposite effect. Anti-fungal therapies are mostly used to treat Candida albicans or Histoplasma capsulatum infections in IBD, whereas pilot studies of supplementing fungal probiotics Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Saccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 strain showed therapeutic effects in IBD. Gut fungi are altered in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Modulation of the fungal microbiota can be considered as a therapeutic approach for IBD. Future research should focus on understanding how the fungal microbiota interacts with other components of the gut microbiota in association with the pathogenesis and development of IBD.

Anti-infectious properties of the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 on enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strain H10407.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are major food-borne pathogens responsible for traveler's diarrhea. The production of adhesins and the secretion of enterotoxins constitute the major virulence traits of the bacteria. Treatments are mainly symptomatic and can involve antibiotherapy. However, given the rise of antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an urgent need for the development of new preventive strategies for the control of ETEC infections. Among them, a promising approach is the use of probiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate, using complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches, the inhibitory potential of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 against the human ETEC reference strain H10407. In conventional culture media, S. cerevisiae significantly reduced ETEC growth and toxin production. The yeast also inhibited bacterial adhesion to mucin-agar and intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Lastly, pre-treatment with S. cerevisiae inhibited interleukin-8 production by ETEC-infected intestinal cells. In streptomycin-treated mice, the probiotic yeast decreased bacterial colonization, mainly in the ileum, the main site of ETEC pathogenesis. For the first time, this study shows that the probiotic yeast S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 can exert an anti-infectious activity against a human ETEC strain through a multi-targeted approach, including inhibition of bacterial growth and toxin production, reduction of bacterial adhesion to mucins and intestinal epithelial cells, and suppression of ETEC-induced inflammation. Interestingly, the highest activity was obtained with a prophylactic treatment. Further studies will aim to assess the effect of the yeast on ETEC survival and virulence under human simulated digestive conditions.

Use of a live yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a high-concentrate diet fed to finishing Charolais bulls: effects on growth, slaughter performance, behavior, and rumen environment

Aim of this study was to evaluate effects on growth, slaughter performance, behavior, and rumen environment parameters of dietary supplementation with a live yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a high-concentrate finishing diet fed to young Charolais bulls. A total 171 bulls (initial body weight (BW) = 442 ± 22.8 kg) were stratified by BW and assigned to one of two experimental groups: Control (85 bulls) and Yeast (86 bulls). Each group was allotted to 6 contiguous pens. All bulls were fed the same finishing diet ad libitum as a total mixed ration (TMR) at 0900 h. The live yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 was added to the Yeast bull premix to target a daily dose of 5 g/bull. Bull final BW (743 ± 18.7 kg) and average daily gain (1.64 ± 0.12 kg) did not differ between groups. However, yeast increased dry matter (DM) intake (11.0 versus 10.4 kg/d; P = 0.04) and tended to reduce (P = 0.08) the number of days required for finishing. The effect of yeast on DM intake was particularly relevant in the first weeks of fattening, possibly as a sign of better adaptation by bulls to the high-energy concentration of the finishing diet. Carcass weights and dressing did not differ between treatments, but the likelihood of producing a carcass graded as excellent by conformation score was 2.15 times higher for Yeast than Control bulls (Chi-Square = 14.7 and 95% confidence interval = 1.42–3.27; P < 0.001). Observation of bull behavior assessed during the 8 h after TMR delivery at the end of the 2nd and 4th mo of fattening showed a similar eating and ruminating pattern between treatments. However, yeast provision prevented from the drop in rumination rate (min/kg DM) recorded in Control bulls from the 2nd to the 4th mo of fattening. Physical and chemical analysis of TMR samples collected from the mangers at determined intervals after TMR delivery indicated that bulls of both treatments preferentially selected towards long fibrous particles. Rumen pH, lactic acid and total volatile fatty acid concentrations in samples collected before TMR feeding after the 3rd month of fattening were not affected by treatment but yeast increased acetate and butyrate concentrations as well as acetate:propionate ratio. Post mortem inspection of rumen wall showed that the occurrence of rumen papillae hyperkeratinization was lower for Yeast than Control bulls (relative risk = 0.51 and 95% confidence interval = 0.27–0.95; P = 0.02).

Live yeast supplementation improves rumen fibre degradation in cattle grazing tropical pastures throughout the year

The effect of live yeast (LY - Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077) on in situ fibre digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen cellulolytic bacteria population of grazing Nellore cattle was evaluated throughout the year. Eight rumen cannulated steers were used in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments: with or without LY, and the four seasons of the year. Yeast was given daily to provide 8 × 109 CFU per animal. Animals were kept on a rotational grazing system with mineral supplementation. Every 45 d, in situ rumen aNDF digestibility of 5 reference forages was determined after 24 and 48 h incubation. Rumen fluid was collected to measure yeast count and fermentation parameters, and rumen contents collected for quantitative PCR of cellulolytic bacteria. Although pasture composition varied greatly throughout the year, there was no LY*season interaction. Yeast supplementation increased aNDF digestibility in all seasons, but only when measured after 24 h of incubation. Among the four rumen bacteria evaluated, R. flavefaciens was the most prevalent and LY increased R. flavefaciens population in the summer and spring. However, LY decreased F. Succinogenes population in autumn and spring. Yeast supplementation increased total SCFA in autumn, decreased acetate proportion and increase propionate proportion during summer. There was a tendency for greater valerate proportion when steers were fed LY. No significant effect on rumen pH, butyrate, and branched-chain fatty acids was observed. Supplementing LY can benefit fibre-degrading bacteria and increase fibre digestibility of grazing animals, independently of the season.

Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 supplementation on performance and rumen microbiota of dairy calves

ABSTRACT A total of 120 Holstein male calves were randomly assigned to either an unsupplemented live yeast (CTR) or to a live yeast supplemented meal starter concentrate (LY) from 10 to 77 d of age. Calves were fed starter concentrate ad libitum and milk replacer (23% CP; 19.5% fat) until they consumed 0.9 kg of starter concentrate during 3 consecutive days. At weaning, they were moved from individual hutches to grouped pens of 5 to 6 calves, and they were followed 3 more weeks. Body weight was recorded weekly and intake daily. Rumen liquid from 25 calves per treatment was obtained 19 d after weaning, to measure rumen pH and to quantify Streptococcus bovis, Ruminococcus albus, and protozoa populations. During the preweaning period, ADG of LY calves at d 35 of study tended (P = 0.06) to be greater than that of CTR calves (0.68 vs. 0.55 ± 0.038 kg/d, respectively). During the postweaning period, intake was greater (P