Ultrahigh strength electrodeposited copper foil prepared with polyethyleneimine and sodium saccharin

The effect of adding different amounts of sodium saccharin on the mechanical properties and co-deposition characteristics of Ni-Co-Al2O3 composite coatings

To evaluate the preference for taste solutions with palatable and aversive qualities during the initial 10min after resuming drinking in water-deprived rats. The effects of pre-exposure to taste solutions in eight-week-old male Wistar/ST rats and the impact of post-ingestive effects were examined by two-bottle preference tests every 2min over a 10-min period for five days after deprived of water for 24h. Sodium saccharin (Sacc, without post-ingestive effects) and sucrose (Suc, with post-ingestive effects) were used in the palatable solutions, and quinine hydrochloride (Q) was used in the aversive solution. In naïve rats, a significant difference in the consumed volume of Q solution and distilled water (DW) was observed on Day 1, whereas differences for the Sacc and Suc solutions were observed on Day 4. In pre-exposed rats, differences for the Sacc, Q, and Suc solutions were observed on Day 1, Day 1, and Day 2, respectively. However, no differences were observed for the Sacc solution on Days 2, 4, and 5. The cumulative volume consumed within 10min differed significantly among all taste solutions and DW for almost all experimental days in the naïve and pre-exposed groups. The short-term test showed that water-deprived rats did not initially discriminate between the qualities of taste solutions when commencing drinking after deprivation. Comparisons between the naïve and pre-exposed groups revealed that drinking behavior depended on prior exposure to the solutions. The short-term tests with the Sacc and Suc solutions indicate that post-ingestive effects influence drinking behavior.

Tribological detection method and mechanism research on sodium saccharin adulteration in baijiu: Taking site baijiu as an example.

Dependence of microstructure and mechanical properties of electrodeposited copper foils on electrochemical behavior of sodium saccharin

A single amino acid substitution in TAS1R2 defines species-specific sweet sensitivity to sulfamates in humans and mice.

Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning-based classification and quantification of sodium saccharin in cat food powder

Since the invention of synthetic sweeteners, there has been considerable debate regarding the safety of some of these sweeteners due to their poor thermal stability. Sodium saccharin is a synthetic sweetener used to modulate the flavor of fried nuts and seeds. The change in saccharin sodium during high-temperature frying was investigated, and a detection method for saccharin sodium and its frying product, o-sulfamoylbenzoic acid, was established using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sodium saccharin will be completely decomposed at 190 °C for 40 min by frying. O-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is the decomposition product of sodium saccharin under high-temperature frying conditions. An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sodium saccharin and o-sulfamoylbenzoic acid. When the UV wavelength was 264 nm, the mobile phase was an acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution with gradient elution, and the detection was performed using HPLC. The detection limit of sodium saccharin was 0.045 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.135 mg/kg. O-sulfamoylbenzoic acid showed a detection limit of 0.056 mg/kg and a limit of quantification of 0.167 mg/kg. The recovery rate of spiked sodium saccharin ranged from 105.67 to 112.16% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.24 and 1.39%. The recovery rate of o-sulfamoylbenzoic acid spiked between 98.67 and 108.16% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.13 to 1.51%. We employed the established method to conduct application detection and analysis of a range of commercially available snack foods. Saccharin sodium was detected, while o-sulfamoylbenzoic acid was not found.

Artificial sweeteners (ASs), which serve as vital alternatives to sucrose, have been detected in agricultural soils and crops. However, knowledge gaps persist regarding their bioaccumulation in plants, which is vital for assessing ecosystem risks. This study examined saccharin (SAC) and acesulfame (ACE) absorption, translocation, and biotransformation in plants via hydroponic experiments. Inhibition studies revealed that root uptake is an active, energy-dependent process involving aquaporins and anion channels. Their hydrophilicity enabled upward movement to above-ground tissues through transpiration and storage in water-soluble cellular components. High-resolution mass spectrometry detected 11 metabolites, proposing potential degradation pathways and identifying, for the first time in plants, phase II metabolites undergoing methylation and glucuronide conjugation. Ecotoxicity predictions indicated that hydroxylated and methylated metabolites were more toxic. This study is the first to explore the mechanisms of AS accumulation and biotransformation in plants, providing deeper insights into their in-plant behavior.

A quantitative ambient liquid extraction-mass spectrometry method for flavor components on cigarette tipping paper was developed and utilized to quantify their release kinetics from tipping paper into oral saliva during smoking. In this technique, with systematic sampling solvent optimization, minimally invasive sampling (sampling area diameter ≤400 μm) was achieved for in situ quantitation of sweeteners (e.g. stevioside and neotame) and acidulants (citric acid and malic acid) on tipping paper surfaces, with detection limits in the range of 0.22-8.4 μg cm-2 and quantitation accuracy of 78-118%. The new method enabled rapid in situ identification and quantitation of 14 flavor components in 4 types of commercial tipping papers. Puff-to-puff oral release of flavor components from these tipping papers was simulated, and the new rapid in situ quantitation method was used to study the release kinetic behavior of flavor components from tipping papers. The results show that natural sweeteners such as stevioside and isomaltitol had faster release rates than artificial sweeteners (neotame, acesulfame-K, and sodium saccharin), with 70% release occurring within the first 2-3 puffs and total release quantities per cigarette up to 200 times higher than artificial sweeteners. The absolute concentrations (0.001-0.02 μg mm-2) and absolute release content (<0.9 μg per cigarette) of artificial sweeteners were significantly below the FAO/WHO recommended daily intake thresholds (equivalent to 660 mg per day for 60 kg body weight), which meets the food safety standards. Moreover, neotame was found to have ideal linear depletion kinetics, maintaining a steady release rate during smoking. The release kinetics of sodium saccharin varied significantly depending on the type of tipping paper. This in situ quantitative release kinetics study offers valuable insights for product design and safety control of flavor tipping papers in the tobacco industry.

Distribution, degradation and microbial response of artificial sweeteners in sediments of the lake riparian zone at different water depths.

Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on the sweet taste receptor expression and reproductive function in female guinea pigs.

BackgroundEpidemiological evidence suggests health risks arise from intake of food additives. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms linking food additives to childhood asthma through a metabolomics strategy.MethodsA total of 120 children with asthma and 120 control subjects were recruited. Serum concentrations of ten food additives - including cyclamate, neotame, aspartame, sodium saccharin, acesulfame, sucralose, benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid, sunset yellow, and ponceau 4R - were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS. The associations between food additives and asthma were evaluated by logistic regression and chi-square tests. Serum metabolic profiling was performed by UPLC-MS. Identified asthma-associated metabolites were subsequently analyzed for pathway enrichment and mediation effects. In murine studies, acesulfame, sodium saccharin, sodium benzoate, or their mixtures were co-administered with OVA to C57BL/6 mice. Airway inflammation, IgE, IL-4, IL-17A, immune cell differentiation, and CD4+ T cell metabolomics profiles were assessed.ResultsThe detection rates for dehydroacetic acid, benzoic acid and sodium cyclamate exceeded 60%. Benzoic acid, dehydroacetic acid and acesulfame were significantly associated with asthma. Mediation analysis identified fourteen metabolites as mediators in the relationship between benzoic acid and dehydroacetic acid, and childhood asthma, including PC(14:0/14:0), LysoPC(17:0), glycerophosphocholine, PC(18:1(9Z)e/2:0), PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/14:0), glutamic acid, glutamine, GlcCer(d18:1/16:0), sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, spermine, spermidine, histidine, and acetylcholine. These metabolites were enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and histidine metabolism pathways. In murine models, food additives significantly exacerbated lung tissue inflammation and elevated levels of IgE, IL-4, and IL-17A in both BALF and serum, and also increased eosinophil percentages in BALF. Furthermore, flow cytometry showed significant alterations in Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg and allergic DC/tolerogenic DC balance within the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and the lung tissue. Metabolomic profiling of CD4+ T-cells from the MLN demonstrated that food additives primarily disrupted phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. This disruption involved key metabolites including PC(36:4), platelet-activating factor, LysoPE(P-16:0), PS(14:0/5-iso PGF2VI), PE(14:1(9Z)/15:0), Na,Na-dimethylhistamine, docosadienoic acid, cyclohexaneundecanoic acid, L-acetylcarnitine, phosphorycholine, Cer(d18:2/20:0), DG(22:1n9/0:0/20:4n6), 5’-methylthioadenosine, L-tyrosine, and N-palmitoyl leucine.ConclusionFood additives may aggravate asthma by metabolically dysregulating the homeostasis of helper T-cells and antigen-presenting cells, thereby disrupting immune tolerance.

Non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) administration has been proven to be likely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the effect of saccharin (SA), a major daily consumed NNS, on atherosclerosis (AS) progression remains insufficiently elucidated. In this study, free drinking water plus 0.1 mg/mL SA for 3 mouths significantly aggravated high-fat-diet-induced AS in apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. SA exposure was found to exacerbate lipid metabolism dysregulation by facilitating intestinal cholesterol absorption while impairing hepatic cholesterol excretion, concomitant with a marked elevation in circulating trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) levels. Moreover, SA intake induced depletion of goblet cells and compromised the intestinal structure, resulting in increased colonic permeability. These effects led to endothelial dysfunction and synergistically enhanced atherosclerotic plaque formation and their instability. In summary, this is the first study to alert the potential pro-atherosclerotic role of SA and emphasize the need for reevaluating food additive safety in public cardiovascular health.

Neurochemical alterations in monoaminergic systems induced by excessive sucrose consumption from the juvenile period to adolescence in mice.

Abstract Artificial sweeteners are low-calorie substances used as food additives with aim to impart a sweet taste to beverages without adding significant calories. Due to the regulatory compliance regarding the type and the amount of artificial sweetener, and due to the large consumption of beverages and the effects of artificial sweeteners on human health, their identification and quantification is of a great importance. In this research simultaneous determination of acesulfame K (ACE-K), sodium saccharin (Na-SAC) and aspartame (ASP) as the most commonly used sweeteners in beverages was performed with a reversed – phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP – HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD). The best separation of the analytes was achieved on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (3.0 × 50 mm, 2.7 µm) column and isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and diluted phosphoric acid (pH = 3.8) with 7/93 volume ratio (V/V), and flow rate of 1 mL min−1. The chromatographic process was followed at 195, 220 and 230 nm, under constant column temperature (25 °C). Under these chromatographic conditions, the total time of analysis was less than 5 min. The developed method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The LOD under established chromatographic conditions was 0.03, 0.07 and 0.17 mg L−1 for Na-SAC, ACE-K and ASP, respectively. The amount of artificial sweeteners in analyzed samples ranged from 30.32 to 148.37 mg L−1 for ACE-K, from 16.10 to 93.05 for Na-SAC, and from 6.06 to 512.72 for ASP. The validated method was successfully applied for determination of analytes in different commercially available beverages.

In 2015, Public Health England challenged the food industry to reduce the free-sugars content of their sweetened products by 2020. However, whilst there has been some success in reformulating sugar-sweetened beverages, breakfast cereals and dairy products to reduce their sugars content, the contribution of sucrose to the taste and texture of sweetened baked goods and confectionery has been difficult to replace using readily available non-nutritive sweeteners(1). D-allulose, a C3-epimer of fructose with low available energy content(2) and similar physicochemical properties to sucrose, is a candidate for replacing sucrose and glucose in sweetened foods to reduce energy content and glycaemic load. However, the incorporation of D-allulose into sweetened high- carbohydrate food products could confer additional health benefits. In vitro, D-allulose appears to compete with glucose at GLUT2 on the enterocyte basolateral membrane(3) (slowing glucose permeation) and stimulate glucokinase translocation; increasing glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes(4) and insulin secretion in β- cells(5), with postprandial glycaemia being attenuated in humans after D-allulose consumption in a drink alongside foods and drinks containing glucose(6). However, there is limited information concerning glucose profile and insulin secretion when D-allulose is integrated into consumed foods. The study aimed to investigate the effects of D-allulose consumption (within a high-carbohydrate breakfast) on glycaemia, insulinaemia and C- peptide concentration in healthy adults.This randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the effects of D-allulose consumption (within a high-carbohydrate breakfast) on postprandial BG, serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations in twelve healthy young (19-26y), non- obese adults (6M:6F). A high glycaemic index porridge, sweetened with 10g glucose and either 15g of D-allulose or 0.06g sodium saccharin (matched-sweetness control), were consumed across two visits. BG, insulin and C-peptide were measured when fasted and at timepoints across 180 minutes following test meals. Single measurements were compared between visits using paired students t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test, with comparisons in variables measured at more than one timepoint carried out using 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures.Peak concentration, the postprandial incremental response and net incremental area- under-curves (iAUC180) across 180-minutes for BG and insulin did not differ between meals.However, incremental BG response differed in the second half of the measurement period (Time x Meal: P&lt;0.001; ηp2= 0.386), with this variable being lower at 90min (Control: 057 ± 0.59 mmol.l-1, D-allulose: 0.12 ± 0.57 mmol.l-1) and 105min (Control: 0.54 ± 0.68 mmol.l-1, D- allulose: -0.02 ± 0.47 mmol.l-1) after D-allulose consumption (both P&lt;0.05). Moreover, C-peptide iAUC180 was lower after D-allulose consumption (Control: 135 ± 62 nmol. l-1.180min, D-allulose: 83 ± 24 nmol.l-1.180min; P&lt;0.05).In young, healthy individuals, the addition of D-allulose to a standardised porridge breakfast reduced BG in the late postprandial period, but did not suppress the initial hyperglycaemic response to eating. Moreover, D-allulose consumption did not enhance insulin secretion, as described in vitro.

Background: Aqueous solubility of pharmaceuticals is a factor as it is directly associated with bioavailability; accordingly, strategies to enhance solubility have been well investigated. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of coamorphization on meloxicam (MX) and saccharine (SA) mixtures. Methods: An equimolar mixture of MX and SA was ground for 4 h at 300 rpm. The obtained samples were evaluated using Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermal analysis. No molecular interactions were observed in the physical mixture sample. The ground samples showed broad peaks in the PXRD patterns and an exothermic peak at an early temperature. Results: The results suggested that the grinding process transformed MX and SA into a coamorphous phase. The attenuated total reflection - IR spectra exhibited new peaks at 1719 cm-1 and 1398 cm-1, and the NH peak disappeared with grinding time. Measurement data of MX and SA ground sample suggested they constructed coamorphous phase. Conclusion: It was indicated by multivariate analysis that the formation of the MX/SA coamorphous system occurred in a two-step process.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, with theoretical energy densities exceeding 2600Whkg-1, are poised to revolutionize energy storage. However, their practical viability hinges on resolving two critical challenges: uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth at the anode and polysulfide shuttling at the sulfur cathode. Here, a compound additive integrating lithium nitrate (LiNO3), sodium saccharin (SAC), and octaphenyl polyoxyethylene (OP-10) is proposed to construct an electrolyte for Li-S battery. With the compound additive added, the as-prepared electrolyte is capable of evolving a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with refined morphology while suppressing polysulfide reactivity. The synergistic effects of this additive enable Li|Li symmetric cells to achieve unprecedented cycling stability (>1400 h at 1mA cm-2 and 3 mAh cm-2) and Li-S full cells with high sulfur loading (4.12mg cm-2) to retain 2.72 mAh cm-2 after 150 cycles. This work underscores the importance of dual-electrode stabilization in electrolyte design, offering a scalable strategy for high-energy-density Li-S batteries and related systems plagued by dendrites and shuttle effects. This study highlights the effectiveness of synergistic electrolyte engineering in suppressing lithium dendrites and polysulfide shuttling, providing new insights for the development of high-performance Li-S batteries and other energy storage systems facing similar challenges.

1,2,3-triazoline-containing compounds were prepared starting from sodium saccharin salt reacted with allyl chloride to form N- allyl saccharin (1), then reacted with aromatic azides to give compound (2a-g) were hydrolyzed under strong basic conditions to form the carboxylic acid derivative (3a-g). The compounds were identified using analytical and spectral methods [Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and some of them 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR] shown in the work. The compounds were tested for their biological and antioxidant activity; some compounds were active and others were not. The recently synthesized fourteen compounds produced positive docking results and suitable binding interactions in molecular docking tests on the target 6ul7(Escherichia coli Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) in complex with a novel inhibitor. Function:Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an essential enzyme in the folate biosynthesis pathway. It catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, a critical step in the synthesis of nucleotides and DNA. Due to its importance in cell division, DHFR is a prime target for antimicrobial drugs, such as trimethoprim, which inhibit its activity to disrupt bacterial growth). The current findings show that the recently synthesized compounds have promising Escherichia coli inhibitory efficacy.