Sabina Vulgaris Research Articles

Differential impacts of functional traits across 65 plant species on PM retention in the urban environment

Urban vegetation plays an important role in filtering atmospheric pollution. Understanding the functional traits of the plants that have strong capacity to retain fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is important to design configuration schemes for urban green spaces. In this study, phenological observations, direct sampling, and electron microscope analysis of leaf surfaces were conducted to analyze and compare the 65 plant species commonly grown in green spaces in Beijing in terms of their ability to retain particulates from the air. Analyses of the size distribution of particles revealed that >94% of the particles retained on leaf surfaces were smaller than 10 μm (PM10), and the majority of these (>87%) were smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Coarse particles accounted for <6% of all retained particles. The average volume percentage of PM10 was 93.8%, that of PM2.5 was 35.8%, and that of coarse particulates (Dp > 10 μm) was 17.8%. The PM2.5 retention amount per unit leaf area differed greatly among tree and shrub species. This number was 38.8 times higher for Acer truncatum (0.659 g·m−2) than for Salix matsudana (0.017 g·m−2), and 33.4 times higher for Buxus sinica (1.168 g·m−2) than for Sabina vulgaris (0.035 g·m−2). The trees with the strongest capacity to retain PM2.5 on a whole-plant basis were ranked as A. truncatum (115.639 g·week−1), Robinia pseudoacacia (48.876 g·week−1), Platanus acerifolia (43.413 g·week−1), Celtis bungeana (37.383 g·week−1), Sophora japonica (31.998 g·week−1), Diospyros kaki (29.945 g·week−1), and Ginkgo biloba (27.613 g·week−1), while the tree species with the strongest PM2.5 retention capability per year were A. truncatum (3245.170 g·year−1), R. pseudoacacia (1744.198 g·year−1), C. bungeana (1199.707 g·year−1), S. japonica (1108.382 g·year−1), Sabina chinensis (895.712 g·year−1) and G. biloba (865.733 g·year−1). The shrubs with the strongest ability to retain PM2.5 on a whole-plant basis were ranked as Prunus cistena (3.921 g·week−1), Syringa oblata Lindl. var. alba Rehder (3.767 g·week−1), Lespedeza bicolor (2.642 g·week−1), Hibiscus syriacus (2.255 g·week−1), Paeonia suffruticosa (1.969 g·week−1), and Amygdalus triloba (1.831 g·week−1), while the shrub species with the strongest ability PM2.5 retention capability per year were P. cistena (113.933 g·year−1), S. oblata Lindl. var. alba Rehder (98.736 g·year−1), L. bicolor (70.457 g·year−1), and H. syriacus (60.645 g·year−1). The results of this study will be useful for designing planting schemes for green spaces in urban areas to optimize the retention of particulates from the air.

Stable isotopic analysis of water utilization characteristics of four xerophytic shrubs in the Hobq Desert, Northern China.

Quantitative identification of water utilization characteristics of xerophytic shrubs is an important prerequisite for the selection and optimization of a regional artificial sand-fixing vegetation system. In this study, a hydrogen (δD) stable isotope technique was used to study the changes in water use characteristics of four typical xerophytic shrubs, Caragana korshinskii, Salix psammophila, Artemisia ordosica, and Sabina vulgaris in the Hobq Desert under light (4.8mm after 1 and 5 days) and heavy (22.4mm after 1 and 8 days) rainfall events. Under light rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily used the 80-140 cm layer of soil water (37-70%) and groundwater (13-29%), and the water use characteristics did not change significantly after the light rainfall event. However, the utilization ratio of A. ordosica to soil water in the 0-40 cm layer increased from less than 10% on the first day after rain to more than 97% on the fifth day after rain, whereas the utilization ratio of S. vulgaris to soil water in the 0-40 cm layer also increased from 43% to nearly 60%. Under heavy rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila still used the 60-140 cm layer (56-99%) and groundwater (~15%), while the main water utilization depth of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris expanded to 0-100 cm. Based on the above results, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily use the soil moisture of the 80-140 cm layer and groundwater, while A. ordosica and S. vulgaris use the soil moisture of the 0-100 cm layer. Therefore, the co-existence of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris will increase the competition between artificial sand-fixing plants, while the combination of the two plants with C. korshinskii and S. psammophila will avoid competition between artificial sand-fixing plants to some extent. This study provides important guidance for regional vegetation construction and sustainable management of an artificial vegetation system.

Selection and evaluation of suitable tree species in dry and dusty mining areas of Northwest China

To select drought-resistant and dust-tolerant native species suitable for use in the rehabilitation of major coal bases in northwest China, nine tree species were identified for growth rates, biomass, harm index, and physiological indices under drought and high dust stress conditions. The results showed that, in the dust resistance index system, the order was Caragana korshinskii > Amorpha fruticosa > Sabina vulgaris > Hedysarum scoparium > Tamarix chinensis > Ammopiptanthus mongolicus > Ulmus pumila > Caryopteris mongholica > Elaeagnus angustifolia. In a comprehensive drought and dust resistance index system, 14 indices (such as shoot length, stomatal conductance, and peroxidase) had the larger weight indices. The drought and dust resistance order of the tree species was Caragana korshinskii > Ulmus pumila > Amorpha fruticosa > Sabina vulgaris > Caryopteris mongholica > Ammopiptanthus mongolicus > Hedysarum scoparium > Tamarix chinensis > Elaeagnus angustifolia. This study provides effective strategies and references for selecting suitable tree species for arid mining sites in China, and also for the revegetation of coal mining sites worldwide.

Biogenic volatile organic compounds from 14 landscape woody species: Tree species selection in the construction of urban greenspace with forest healthcare effects

Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) is an important part of forest healthcare effect, while it has not received enough attention in urban greenspace construction. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyze BVOC emission rates and compositions released from leaves and flowers of landscape species in urban greenspace and to make suggestions for species selection and planting configuration in urban greenspace construction. BVOC emissions were collected and analyzed using dynamic flow enclosure technique with GC-MS in summer months (for leaf) and spring months (for flower) from 14 woody landscape species in northern China, which are 2 coniferous species (Pinus tabuliformis and Sabina vulgaris) and 12 broad-leaved species (Viburnum opulus, Kolkwitzia amabilis, Philadelphus pekinensis, Lonicera maackii, Cercis chinensis, Deutzia parviflora, Berberis thunbergia, Kerria japonica, Rosa xanthina, Syringa oblata, Syringa reticulata, and Cerasus serrulata). We found leaf emission rates of coniferous species were more than 20 μg∙g−1Dw∙h−1 and mainly consisted of monoterpenes, while that of sampled broad-leaved species were less than 10 μg∙g−1Dw∙h−1 and mainly consisted of fatty acid derivatives. Most broad-leaved species had relatively high emission rates of flowers, ranging from 15 to 115 μg∙g−1Dw∙h−1. Flower emissions of Syringa oblata and Syringa reticulata contained large amounts of aldehydes, and that of other broad-leaved species mainly contained terpenes, alcohols, and esters. We suggest the species with leaves that release large amounts of monoterpenes, and species with flowers that release large amounts of fragrant compounds are classified as healthcare species, while species with a dense crown and low emission rates of pungent compounds are classified as space-creation species. Based on this, planners could design urban greenspace with healthcare effects, and develop multi-functional, innovative, and sustainable urban greenspaces.

Drought variation recorded by growth rings of the shrub Sabina vulgaris in the middle Qilian Mountains, northwest China

The evergreen coniferous creeping shrub, Sabina vulgaris, is widely distributed in China, from high and cold mountain sites to low-elevation arid desert areas. This paper performed dendroclimatological analysis of the samples of S. vulgaris from three sampling sites (2700–2900 m a.s.l.) at sites in the northern border of the middle Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. We found that the radial growth of S. vulgaris was mainly limited by rainfall during the growing season, especially in May and June, but was also limited by low temperatures in the late growing season. It presents the regional differention of the climate response of the shrub radial growth from the other distributed areas, such as the sandland and mountains. We constructed a 274-year drought record by calibrating growth-ring data and relating this data to the regional monthly Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI56), which represents regional moisture conditions. The PDSI56 reconstruction accounted for 35.5 % of the variation of the actual May to June PDSI56 during the period for which meteorological data was available (1950–2014). The most severe drought occurred during the 1920s, followed by the 1950s, 1740s, and the period from the 1870s to the 1880s; the wettest years were during the 1980s, followed by the 2010s, 1770s, and 1750. The changes between drought, normal, and wet periods were consistent with the reconstructed results from previous conifer ring series for Sabina przewalskii and Picea crassifolia in the study area. Our results demonstrate the value of S. vulgaris in dendrochronology.

近10年青海湖东沙地人工植被群落特征

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 近10年青海湖东沙地人工植被群落特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201712292353 作者: 作者单位: 北京师范大学地理科学学部,青海大学农林科学院,青海大学省部共建三江源生态和高原农牧业国家重点实验室,北京师范大学地理科学学部,青海大学省部共建三江源生态和高原农牧业国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41461002，41661001）；青海省自然科学基金项目（2018-ZJ-966Q）；青海省科学技术厅项目（2016-HZ-822）；青海省"高端创新人才千人计划"项目 Features of artificial plant communities from the east sand region of the Qinghai Lake over the last 10 years Author: Affiliation: Faculty of Geography, Beijing Normal University,Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Forestry Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:植物治沙是高寒沙地植被重建与生态恢复的重要措施，人工植被群落特征的研究揭示了植被对高寒沙地生态环境的适应性与改良性，有益于筛选高寒沙地治沙物种。2008-2017年，通过对青海湖湖东沙地人工治理沙丘上的11种人工植被（沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）、乌柳（Salix cheilophila）、樟子松（Pinus sylvestris）、小叶杨（Populus simonii）、柠条（Caragana korshinskii）、沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）、花棒（Hedysarum scoparium）、沙地柏（Sabina vulgaris）、柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）、青海云杉（Picea crassifolia）和金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa））进行植被调查和群落特征分析，结果显示：（1）除柽柳、金露梅之外，各人工物种均能保持80%以上的当年成活率和50%以上的保存率，总盖度以每年6.4%-8.8%的速度增加，乌柳、小叶杨、柠条和花棒林地群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数相对较高，而沙棘和樟子松的群落优势度较高；（2）前3-5年通常为各物种成活与生长的关键期，也是群落形成与多样性增加的快速期；（3）沙棘、乌柳、樟子松、花棒和小叶杨的群落防风固沙效益和土壤水分与养分的改良效益显著，为高寒沙地典型优良的固沙物种。 Abstract:Artificial introduced plants played an important role in alpine and sandy vegetation reconstruction and recovery. Research on these artificial plant communities has helped in the development of sand-fixing mechanisms and ecological improvements; especially in the optimization of adaptive vegetation species. From 2008 to 2017, we selected 11 artificially transplanted species in the east sand area of Qinghai Lake to study. Vegetation sample surveys were performed every summer, and plant growth and community forming features were calculated and analyzed with the following three main results:(1)The majority of species, with the exception of Tamarix chinensis and Potentilla fruticosa, showed high survival rates above 80 percent and conservation rates of over 50 percent through the entire study period. Some species, e.g., Hippophae rhamnoides, Salix cheilophila, Pinus sylvestris, Populus simonii, and Hedysarum scoparium, with their fast-growing heights and canopy diameters, exhibited strong adaptability to alpine-sand ecology. Also, the coverages of all plant communities increased significantly, at a rate of 6.4 percent to 8.8 percent a year, with obvious benefits to the recovery of the sand ecosystem. In species diversity, Caragana korshinskii, S. cheilophila, H. scoparium, and P. simonii all had a relatively high diversity indexes including the Simpson's index, the Shannon-Weiner index, the Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index. H. rhamnoides and P. sylvestris had remained dominant and constructive in the plant community.(2)The first three to five years were key to plant survival and growth. This period also displayed rapid growth of the forming community and increasing plant diversity.(3)H. rhamnoides, S. cheilophila, P. sylvestris, H. scoparium, and P. simonii should be selected as pioneer species to control desertification and recover plant ecosystems because of their strong benefits in terms of wind-sand prevention and soil amelioration. Other species could be subsidiary plants during vegetation reconstruction and recovery in all alpine-sand areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extracts from Four Shrub Species on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.

This study aimed to screen out the shrub species which can promote the seed germination and seedling growth of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. and offer insight for ecological environment governance of the coal mines subsidence area in Mu Us Sandy Land, Yulin City of Shaanxi Province. The indoor bioassay method was used to study the aqueous leaf extracts from Amorpha fruticosa Linn., Hedysarum mongolicum Turez., Sabina vulgaris Ant., and Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. under different concentration gradients to examine seed germination, initial growth, and physiological and biochemical of two Amygdalus pedunculata varieties (YY-1 from Yuyang County (YY) and SM-6 from Shenmu County (SM), Shaanxi Province, China). The results showed that with aqueous leaf extracts concentrations at lower concentrations of 0.025 (T1) and 0.05 g·mL−1 (T2) from A. fruticosa, H. mongolicum, and S. vulgaris significantly promoted seed germination and seedling growth of two A. pedunculata varieties. Moreover, H. rhamnoides aqueous leaf extracts had the strongest inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth of A. pedunculata, and death occurred at concentrations of 0.15 (T4) and 0.20 g·mL−1 (T5). The enzyme activity and chlorophyll content of the A. pedunculata leaves decreased with an increase in the aqueous leaf extracts concentration of the four shrubs; the change trend of malondialdehyde content was the opposite. Root activity of the A. pedunculata increased and then decreased. The H. mongolicum and S. vulgaris are the most suitable mixed tree species for YY-1, while H. mongolicum and A. fruticosa are the most suitable mixed tree species for SM-6 at a relatively low density with more security. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the establishment of an artificial mixed forest of A. pedunculata in the coal mine subsidence area of Mu Us Sandy Land.

根系固土主导力学因素初探与差异性评价

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 根系固土主导力学因素与差异性评价 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201403050375 作者: 作者单位: 内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古自治区灌溉排水发展中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51064021);内蒙古基金重点项目(2010ZD16) Mechanical factors influencing soil-reinforcement by roots and identifying appropriate plant species for erosion control Author: Affiliation: Inner Mongolia Agriculture University,Inner Mongolia Agriculture University,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了探究影响根系固土的主导力学因素,并为侵蚀区固土抗蚀植物种的筛选提供部分依据。以3-4年生(4年生为主)5种内蒙古干旱、半干旱地区常见的水土保持植物:柠条(Caragana microphylla Lam.)、沙柳(Salix psammophila C.wang et Ch.Y.Yang)、沙地柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)、白沙蒿(Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch.)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)为研究对象,针对春季土壤干旱和夏季暴雨(土壤湿润)两种自然条件,对影响5种植物根系固土的10项指标进行主成分分析。结果表明,根系抗拉力学特性是影响植物根系固土的主导力学因素,其次为根-土界面摩阻特性,最后是根-土复合体抗剪特性。在此基础上,从根系力学特性的角度出发,运用层次分析法对两个时期5种植物根系固土能力的差异性进行评价。在评价过程中,为了保证评价数据完整性,减小专家主观因素所带来的误差,使评价结果更具科学性,该文将两个时期主成分分析所得3个力学特性的方差贡献率作为权重。评价结果显示,根系固土指数为:春季土壤干旱时期,柠条(0.834) > 沙柳(0.330) > 沙地柏(-0.066) > 白沙蒿(-0.206) > 沙棘(-0.864);夏季暴雨时期分别为,柠条(0.876)>沙地柏(0.218) > 沙柳(0.065) > 白沙蒿(-0.404) > 沙棘(-0.755)。5种植物中,柠条根系的抗拉力学特性显著优于其他植物,可作为干旱、半干旱地区固土抗蚀的重要参考树种。 Abstract:Influenced by the physiological and genetic characteristics of plants, the mechanical properties of roots differ significantly, with the result that species vary in their ability to resist soil erosion. The selection of species to reinforce soil and prevent erosion is the key to improving not only soil and water conservation, but also vegetation and ecological restoration. Research to identify suitable plant species is still in its early stages, and studies addressing many issues are urgently needed. Caragana microphylla Lam, Salix psammophila C.wang & Ch.Y.Yang, Sabina vulgaris Ant, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch, and Hippophae rhamnides Linn are common plants used in soil and water conservation projects in the arid and semi-arid regions of Inner Mongolia. Rainfall is concentrated in summer with short-duration and high-intensity. The mechanical properties of roots differ significantly with growth period and soil moisture conditions. In order to study the mechanical factors influencing soil-reinforcement by roots and identify suitable anti-erosion plant species for this area, root tensile strength, root-soil surface friction, and root-soil composite shear strength of five plant species were studied. During the spring drought period and summer wet period, ten indicators of efficacy in erosion prevention (root-soil composite cohesion, root-soil composite equivalent friction angle, root-soil interface sheer strength, cumulative surface area, interface friction coefficient, representative root elasticity modulus, representative root constitutive properties, taproot tensile strength, lateral branch root tensile strength, length of cumulative root length) of the five species at the age of 3-4 (mainly 4) years were measured. The data were then analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) with SAS9.0 software. The PCA results indicate that tensile mechanical strength had the greatest influence on soil reinforcement, followed by root-soil surface friction, and then root-soil composite shear strength. Based on these mechanical factors, the performance of the five species was evaluated. In order to maintain the integrity of the data and reduce uncertainty caused by subjective expert assessments, the variance contribution to the PCA of each of the three mechanical characteristics was used as to weight an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed the soil-reinforcement indices in the drought period were ranked Caragana microphylla Lam (0.834) > Salix psammophila C.wang et Ch.Y.Yang (0.303) > Sabina vulgaris Ant (-0.066) > Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch (-0.206) > Hippophae rhamnides Linn (-0.864), while in the wet period they were ranked Caragana microphylla Lam (0.876) > Sabina vulgaris Ant (0.218) > Salix psammophila C.wang et Ch.Y.Yang (0.065) > Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch (-0.404) > Hippophae rhamnides Linn (-0.755). The results suggest that species with better root tensile strength should be chosen reinforce soil and prevent erosion. Of the five species, Caragana microphylla Lam is the preferred soil-reinforcement and anti-erosion plant in arid and semi-arid regions due to its high root tensile strength. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Benefit Evaluation of Soil-Reinforcement by Roots between Five Plants by Analytic Hierarchy Process

Caragana microphylla Lam, Salix psammophila C.wang et Ch.Y.Yang, Sabina vulgaris Ant, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch and Hippophae rhamnides Linn are common plants used in soil and water conservation in the arid and semi-arid regions of Inner Mongolia. In order to screen the soil-reinforcement and anti-erosion plants for this area, the tensile mechanical property, root-soil surface friction property, and the root-soil composite shear property of roots were studied. During the summer drought period, ten factors of the five kinds of four-age plants were evaluated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the benefit index of soil-reinforcement by roots were Caragana microphylla(0.72)&gt; Sabina vulgaris(0.38)&gt; Salix psammophila(0.03)&gt; Artemisia sphaerocephala(-0.23)&gt; Hippophae rhamnides(-0.90). Therefore, Caragana microphylla Lam should be considered as the preferred reference specie in soil-reinforcement and anti-erosion for the arid and semi-arid regions of China.

Purification of polyphenols from Sabina vulgaris antoine and its antioxidant properties

To purify polyphenols from Sabina vulgaris and to investigate its antioxidant properties. Polyphenols were purified from Sabina vulgaris Antoine with macroporous resin HPD-700, and the quantity of polyphenols was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetry. The antioxidant properties of polyphenols were evaluated by total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and its activities of scavenging DPPH (1,1 diphenyl-2-picry-hydrazyl) radicals, superoxide anion (O2·-), hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). After purification, the purity of polyphenols increased from 0.053% to 0.995%.The antioxidant properties study showed that its inhibition rate of scavenging DPPH radicals and FRAP was 151.83 U/ml and 204.59 U/ml. Its scavenging capacity for superoxide anion (O2·-) and hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) was 151.83 U/ml and 204.59 U/ml. The total antioxidant capacity was 72.68 U/ml. Polyphenols from Sabina vulgaris Antoine have high antioxidant properties, suggesting that it worth further study of its pharmacological effects.

Impacts of de-icing salt pollution on urban road greenspace: a case study of Beijing

De-icing salt contamination of urban soil and greenspace has been a common issue of concern in many countries for years. In the 2009/2010 winter, Beijing experienced a contamination accident resulting from the overuse of de-icing salt, reported as almost 30000 tons, which severely damaged urban vegetation alongside roadways. The methods of sampling and rating for both soil contamination and response of the plant populations were developed to rapidly assess this emergency environmental event. Results showed that the shrubs were more severely damaged than the arbors in terms of both degree and extent, as almost all of the surveyed shrubs were severely damaged from the salt contamination, while only about 1/4 of the recorded arbors were rated as “severely injured” according to the integral plant injury index. The rating of the injury level showed that the trees like Pinus bungeana, Sophora japonica, and the shrubs like Euonymus japonicus, Sabina vulgaris showed less tolerance to de-icing salt pollution. The patterns of vegetation damage demonstrated that the ever-green shrubs alongside roads and the deciduous arbors in the center of roads were most vulnerable to the salt damage.

不同造林树种对铁尾矿基质理化性质和土壤动物的影响

A large amount of tailings were formed in the process of metal mining,thereby bringing about serious ecological environment problems in the local area. Iron tailings are a kind of tailings,which directly are formed by crushing the iron ore. And their physichemical properties are obviously different to the conventional cultivation soil. From the point of chemical properties,the iron tailings have not been driven by biological factors to accumulate organic matter and other nutrients so that their fertility is low. From the point of physical properties,the loose structure and rough texture of the iron tailings lead to poor water retention. These poor physichemical properties which are unfavourable to plant growth bring great difficulty in the ecological restoration for abandoned mine. We can know that biological factors play a crucial role in the formation of soil according to this ecological theory between soil and organisms. Thus we should select the plants which have strong adaptability to iron tailings to construct artificial vegetation. The formation of artificial vegetation will be very effective on improving soil fertility as well as soil properties of iron tailings so that other organisms can enter and settle in the ecological conditions. Amorpha fruticosa is a good afforestatin species not only for soil erosion but also for desertification of land as one series of mesquite. Sabina vulgaris is the creeping evergreen conifruticeta,which is commonly used to conservesoil and water,control desertification and green urban landscape in semi-arid area of northen China. Populus tomentosa is a fast-growing broadleaf trees and a representative of native species in north China. Based on the advantages of the above three species,we made an investigation on physichemical properties and fauna of bare tailings soil in different type of vegetation to explore the influence of different afforestation species on properties and fauna. The results showed as follows:( 1)Amorpha fruticosa has the best restoration effect on soil bulk density,moisture,saturation moisture capacity,total porosity and no capillary porosity,but Sabina vulgaris has a significant impact on capillary porosity,field capacity and capillary moisture capacity.( 2) All of the forestion species could decrease the p H value of iron tailings obviously. Amorpha fruticosa is the most effective way to improve soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium. Sabina vulgaris and Amorpha fruticosa are both conducive to increase soil potassium.( 3) The number and deversity of soil fauna under Amorpha fruticosa system was significantly greater than Sabina vulgaris. This research revealed by Grey relevant analysis( GRA) that soil fauna diversity was closely related to the total nitrogen,organic matter,alkalihydro nitrogen and soil bulk density. However,the soil fauna appeared to be almost unaffected by the vegetation coverage and height. The result of a principal component analysis( PCA) indicated that the Amorpha fruticosa had the best comprehensive improvement of the physicochemical properties and soil fauna, followed by Sabina vulgaris and the improvement effect of Populus tomentosa was not obvious. In conclusion,Amorpha fruticosa is fine species of direct afforestation in iron tailings soil as the mesquite. In the respect of soil physichemical properties,Amorpha fruticosa has the more significant effect on soil improvement than Sabina vulgaris,but Sabina vulgaris is even better than Amorpha fruticosa in the respect of water conservation and deep soil improvement. To adapt to the long-term arid environment,Sabina vulgaris as evergreen coniferous shrub formed rich underground root system. This is especially important to the ecological slope protection and winter green landscape improvement which should be developed vigorously in future. Populus tomentosa is a local native tree species with the characteristics of fast- growing poplar,which indicates the weakest effect on soil improvement. But there also are obvious water conservation,ecological protection,soil improvement and other ecological benefits compared with the bare tailings.

尾矿区不同植被恢复模式下高效固氮菌的筛选及Biolog鉴定

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 尾矿区不同植被恢复模式下高效固氮菌的筛选及Biolog鉴定 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306101633 作者: 作者单位: 河北农业大学,河北农业大学,河北农业大学林学院,河北农业大学林学院,河北农业大学林学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）资助项目（2012AA101403）；河北省科技计划项目（12236726D） Isolation and Biolog identification of the high-efficiency azotobacter from iron tailing under different vegetation restoration modes Author: Affiliation: Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding,Hebei Provience,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding,Hebei Provience,,Agricultural University of Hebei, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了从铁尾矿中获得高效土著固氮菌，采用选择性无氮培养基从不同恢复模式下铁尾矿土样中筛选高效固氮菌，并且通过乙炔还原法对分离出的48株固氮菌进行固氮酶活性测定。结果表明：筛选出两株具有较高固氮活性菌株Db1与Ec1，Biolog鉴定为固氮菌属（Azotobacter），固氮比活力分别为203.20 nmol·mg-1·h-1和307.23 nmol·mg-1·h-1。不同植被恢复模式、物种多样性、尾矿坡向、工程措施、恢复年限均对尾矿固氮菌株数量有影响。样地处于尾矿阳坡，或属于人造混交林，或植被恢复年限长，又或者实施六孔砖、坡岩造地等工程措施的尾矿植被恢复模式下筛得的固氮菌菌株数较多或固氮活力较高。 Abstract:Iron tailings are the wastes discharged after selecting the useful components from the grinded ore in dressing plants. The chemical composition mainly comprised iron, silicon, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, as well as a small amount of phosphorus, sulfur etc. Iron tailings are the special matrices with barren soil nutrients. A metal mine waste tailing dump is a typical degenerative ecosystem. Owing to their bad characteristics on the physical chemistry, the waste tailing dumps are going to become infertile lands generally. The wastes, such as tailings and acid mine wastewater produced during the ore dressing, not only destroy and occupy a lot of land resources but also result in serious pollution of the soil and water resources. Therefore, the research related to mining ecological restoration has become a focus. Phytoremediation is the key method for mining ecological restoration. Soil microorganism is the absolutely necessary biological factor on improving the soil environment and on further vegetation restoration in iron tailing dumps.There is a correlation between the microorganism quantity, its enzyme activity and the soil nutrient content. Some efficient native azotobacteria are able to accommodate and improve the particular iron tailings conditions, promote the soil microbe enzyme activity and activate the mineral nutrients in the soil. Azotobacteria can promote the absorption of nutrients in plant root system, enhance the host plant disease resistance and other stress resistances, and improve the soil structure. Of the microorganisms, azotobacteria are the dominant population in soils. It is possible to screen and isolate some efficient azotobacteria in the iron tailings. However, there have not been any publications of azobobacteria in the iron tailings. Moreover, the kinds of azobobacteria and their ability of nitrogen fixation are affected by plants, revegetation modes and site conditions. In the paper, the iron tailings soils were used for screening, isolating, analyzing of enzyme activity and Biolog identifying of azotobacteria. Soil samples were taken from the direct vegetation restoration forest (Sabina vulgaris forest, Amorpha fruticosa forest, Populus tomentosa forest and multi species mingled forest), the vegetation restoration forest via water and soil conservation engineering measures, the vegetation restoration forest via artificial afforestation construction, and the forest soils from different slope direction site conditions. It is the foundation for understanding the interaction mechanism between azotobacteria and host plants, and the tailings remediation mechanism. It is the base for trees selection of reforestation in iron tailings, and helpful for the improvement and development of mining areas.Acetylene reduction method was used to determine nitrogen-fixation activity of azotobacteria. Molecular nitrogen is reduced to ammonia by nitrogenase. Some compounds with N-N,N O, C N and C C bond also can be reduced by nitrogenase. The nitrogenase activity is analyzed according to the diversity of nitrogenase substrates. The process of acetylene being reduced to methane by nitrogenase can be quickly checked by gas chromatography simply and sensitively. The indirect determination method of nitrogenase activity has been widely applied.In order to obtain efficient native azotobacteria for iron tailings recovery, high-efficiency azotobacteria were screened by a nitrogen-free selective medium from tailing samples of different recovery modes, and the nitrogenase activities of the 48 strains isolated were measured by acetylene reduction. Db1, Ec1 with high nitrogenase activity screened from 48 strains by acetylene reduction, were identified as Azotobacteria by Biolog analysis, and their nitrogenase specific activities were 203.20 nmol·mg-1·h-1 and 307.23 nmol·mg-1·h-1 respectively. The numbers of strain were affected by different recovery modes, species diversity, slope direction of tailings and engineering measures. More strains with higher nigrogenase activity can be obtained from soils of the sample plots which covered by plants for longer time, or located in the sunny slope of tailings, or adopted artificial mixed forests, or with the engineering measures of six holes brick and slope plantation. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Insecticidal and feeding deterrent activities of essential oils in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

AbstractTen essential oils were tested against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni larvae for contact, residual and fumigant toxicities and feeding deterrent effects. Against third instar T. ni, Syzygium aromaticum (LD50 = 47.8 μg/larva), Thymus vulgaris (LD50 = 52.0 μg/larva) (the two positive controls) and Cinnamomum glanduliferum (LD50 = 76.0 μg/larva) were the most toxic via topical application. Litsea pungens (LD50 = 87.1 μg/larva), Ilex purpurea (LD50 = 94.0 μg/larva), Cinnamomum cassia (LD50 = 101.5 μg/larva) and Litsea cubeba (LD50 = 112.4 μg/larva) oils were equitoxic. Thymus vulgaris (LC50 = 4.8 mg/ml) and S. aromaticum (LC50 = 6.0 mg/ml) oils were the most toxic in residual bioassays. Cymbopogon citratus (LC50 = 7.7 mg/ml) and C. cassia (LC50 = 8.5 mg/ml) oils were equitoxic followed by Cymbopogon nardus (LC50 = 10.1 mg/ml) in this bioassay. The remaining five oils showed little or no residual effects. In a fumigation bioassay, L. cubeba (LC50 = 16.5 μl/l) and I. purpurea (LC50 = 22.2 μl/l) oils were the most toxic. Cinnamomum glanduliferum (LC50 = 29.7 μl/l) and Sabina vulgaris (LC50 = 31.2 μl/l) oils were equitoxic. Interestingly, S. aromaticum did not exhibit any fumigant toxicity. Cymbopogon citratus, C. nardus and C. cassia strongly deterred feeding by third instar T. ni (DC50s = 26.9, 33.8 and 39.6 μg/cm2, respectively) in a leaf disc choice bioassay. The different responses of T. ni larvae to the oils in different bioassays suggest that these essential oils exhibit different modes of action. Based on their comparable efficacy with essential oils already used as active ingredients in many commercial insecticides (i.e. clove oil and thyme oil), some of these essential oils may have potential as botanical insecticides against T. ni.

Optimal germination condition by sulfuric acid pretreatment to improve seed germination of Sabina vulgaris Ant.

Understanding the germination traits of plants is important not only for understanding natural regeneration processes but also for developing seedling production techniques for planting. Sabina vulgaris Ant. is a common species used for reforestation in semi-arid areas of the Mu-Us Desert, in Inner Mongolia, China, but its extremely low germination rate, both in situ and in vivo, is a bottleneck for seedling production. Sulfuric acid pretreatment was applied to improve germination, and the germination rate was compared for different soaking time (10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min), different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 30, and 35°C) and under different lighting conditions (dark and light). Sulfuric acid treatment gave a high germination rate, reaching 60% at 30 days after sowing. However, the non-treated seeds produced no germination. The optimal treatment time in sulfuric acid was 120 min. Germination after sulfuric acid treatment increased at incubation temperatures from 10 to 30°C, but decreased at 35°C. Incubation at 25–30°C gave maximum germination of more than 50%. Light treatment had little effect on germination. Pretreatment with sulfuric acid improved water absorption by the embryo by creating cracks and cavities in the seed coat tissue. These results indicated that S. vulgaris seeds have physical dormancy caused by their hard seed coats, which prevents absorption of water into the embryo. A combination of pretreatment with sulfuric acid and incubation at 25–30°C was most effective in improving the germination of S. vulgaris seeds.

Effects of Two Composted Plant Pesticide Residues, Incorporated with Trichoderma viride, on Root-Knot Nematode in Balloonflower

Plant pesticide residues, such as chinaberry ( Melia toosendan) residue and sand cypress ( Sabina vulgaris) residue, are pesticidal plant materials discarded after the bioactive ingredient has been extracted with organic solvents. The only option for botanical pesticide residue utilization has been as landfill. Chinaberry residue (CBR) and sand cypress residue (SCR) were collected and composted in Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. We studied the effects of chinaberry residue compost (CBRC), CBRC incorporated with Trichoderma viride (CBRC T), sand cypress residue compost (SCRC), and SCRC incorporated with T. viride (SCRC T) on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infesting the balloonflower ( Platycodon grandiflorum). Bioassay results indicated that stock solutions of the CBRC T and SCRC T extracts significantly inhibited egg hatching and caused high larval mortality, followed in degree by the CBRC and SCRC extracts. The CBR and SCR extracts caused very low inhibition of eggs and larvae. Supplementing potting mixtures with these four composts reduced the severity of root galling and increased the proportion of marketable roots. The severity of root galling decreased and the average weight of the marketable roots increased with an increase in all the composts when supplemented at rates from 5 to 30%. CBR- and SCR-supplemented pot soils also inhibited the nematodes, but CBR and SCR applied to the soil had a phytotoxic effect and inhibited balloonflower growth. Supplementing field soil with the composts reduced the severity of root galling and the populations of southern root-knot nematodes in the soil. CBRC T and SCRC T clearly enhanced the average weight of the marketable roots by 30.45 and 26.64%, respectively. Continuous supplementation with CBRC T or SCRC T in the same field significantly enhanced the control of the root-knot nematode, and the populations of nematodes continued to decrease with second inoculations. The populations of total Trichoderma spp. were distinctly enhanced and were maintained at high levels for a long time in the supplemented soils.

中国内陸部半乾燥地に生育する臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)の発芽特性

中国内陸部半乾燥地に生育する臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)の発芽特性

中国半乾燥地における臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)の生理特性と種子生産I

中国半乾燥地における臭柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)の生理特性と種子生産I

Gas Exchange, Leaf Structure, and Hydraulic Features in Relation to Sex, Shoot Form, and Leaf Form in An Evergreen Shrub Sabina vulgaris in the Semi-Arid Mu Us Sandland in China

We examined differences in net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), ratio of substomatal to atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), cuticle thickness (CT), epidermis cell size (ECS), mesophyll cell size (MCS), vascular bundle size (VBS), tissue density (TD), and coefficient of water loss (k) in Sabina vulgaris as related to sex, shoot form, and leaf form. PN, E, WUE, Ci/Ca, MCS, VBS, and k varied with sex, whereas CT, ECS, and TD did not. These differences in physiology and anatomy between the female and male plants may be closely related with their reproduction behaviour. PN, E, Ci/Ca, CT, ECS, MCS, and VBS were significantly smaller in the erect shoots than in the prostrate shoots, WUE was just opposite; TD and k did not vary with shoot form. These changes in physiology with shoot form indicate that erect shoots may be more tolerant of water stress than prostrate shoots. PN, E, Ci/Ca, TD, and k were significantly greater in the spine leaves than in the scale leaves, whereas WUE, CT, ECS, MCS, and VBS followed the opposite trends. The changes in physiology and anatomy with leaf form suggest that scale leaves have higher drought-resistant and water-holding capacities than spine leaves. Measurements of field gas exchange showed that three-year-old seedlings had lower drought-resistance and higher water loss than five-year-old seedlings, which provides some evidence that seedling survival decreases with decreasing plant age.

Some observations of the adaptations of sandy shrubs to the arid environment in the Mu Us Sandland: leaf water relations and anatomic features

In the Mu Us Sandland of China, a diversity of native shrubs make-up an important part of the local vegetation. Based on leaf water relations and anatomy, we show that the water-spending/water-saving paradigm is applicable to assess the drought adaptations of the shrubs. The water spenders showed a more mesic leaf anatomy, higher osmotic potential, lower cell wall rigidity, and moderate drop of leaf water potential with increasing water deficit, such as Hedysarum mongolicum,Salix psammophila and Artemisia sphaerocephala; whereas the water savers showed the opposite, such asTetraena mongolica , Zygophyllum xanthoxylon and Sabina vulgaris. This scheme could also be useful to interpret the ecology of other species under investigation.