Ryukoku University Research Articles

Jonah Isaac Salz

This article chronicles the life and work of Jonah Salz, a theatre director, producer, teacher, scholar, and translator, who co-founded both the Noho Theatre Group (1982) and the Traditional Theatre Training (TTT) program (1984) in Kyoto, together with kyōgen actor Shigeyama Akira. Salz was the editor-in-chief of A History of Japanese Theatre (Cambridge UP 2016); has written and published extensively on Samuel Beckett, intercultural theatre, contemporary kyōgen, and actor training; as well as translated traditional and newly written (shinsaku) works for the page and stage. He has been a member of the Faculty of International Studies at Ryukoku University in Kyoto since 1996, where he teaches comparative theatre and film. For the past four decades he has been an indispensable intermediary for innumerable scholars, artists, and graduate students from all over the world conducting research in Japan.

Conversations from the Shin Buddhist-Muslim-Christian Workshops, 2016–2019: Introduction

Conversations from the Shin Buddhist-Muslim-Christian Workshops, 2016–2019:Introduction Dennis Hirota In 2016, members of the Research Center for World Buddhist Cultures at Ryukoku University initiated a project that came to be titled "Conversations in Comparative Theology: Shin Buddhism, Christianity, Islam." The basic plan called for a small number of scholars of the three traditions to meet to present papers on shared themes and discuss vital topics in their own traditions. The hope was that participants would, through the presentations, reflect critically on issues within their own tradition in the light of the theological thinking of other traditions. The first meeting was held at Ryukoku University in 2016. The planning for the project was joined, at various stages, by Perry Schmidt-Leukel of Münster University, Peter Phan of Georgetown University, and David Matsumoto of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, all of whom hosted a meeting at their home institution. In all, four meetings were held in four consecutive years in Kyoto, Münster, Washington, D.C., and Berkeley. For the first three meetings, panels were organized around set themes, with one panelist presenting for each tradition. The themes for all the panels were largely determined at the outset of the project. They were intended to be topics of major significance with broad resonance across the traditions. It was anticipated that each topic would be viewed as harboring issues requiring current deliberation. In this respect, some of the panel topics were more fruitful than others. The panel topics for the first meeting were: (i) Buddha's teaching, revelation, truth; (ii) universality and exclusivism; (iii) myth and history; and (iv) Amida, Allah, Trinity. The panel topics for the second meeting: (i) karmic evil, sin, suffering, and predestination; (ii) practice, prayer, and transformation; (iii) repentance and forgiveness, aspiration, and hope; and (iv) human existence. The topics for the third meeting: (i) wisdom-compassion, divine love/mercy, and transcendence; (ii) shinjin, nembutsu, surrender/faith, remembrance, and the prophetic voice; (iii) Amida's directing of virtue; grace, justice, and moral life; and (iv) naturalness (jinen), fitra, spirit. [End Page 239] At the final meeting, participants presented revised or augmented papers reflecting their experience during the entire project. The eight articles gathered here were originally written as part of the project at various points during the four-year course of its proceedings. Readers will be able to determine the success of the project itself by the merits or limitations of the contributions. It may be useful, however, to offer a reflection on the meetings as a whole. Students of religion experienced in interreligious, intercultural, or comparative theological dialogue will recognize some of the difficulties surrounding the project. I will mention simply that a tension or polarity of concerns quickly emerged that might be characterized as the distance between "comparative" approaches, on the one hand, and more traditional "theological" practices, on the other hand. We learned that students of religion engage in comparison based on diverse hermeneutical presuppositions, and that theological reflection within religious communities of discourse can vary widely as well. Another challenge, at least initially, was limited knowledge of other traditions. This may have inclined presenters to focus on clarifying concepts in their own tradition or highlighting points of convergence with other traditions. This tendency seems heightened when three traditions are involved, although participants were not required to include all three in their research. The basic goal of the project was to foster work in constructive theological treatments of pressing issues in our respective traditions by means of critical engagement with another tradition. This goal may be ambitious, but we learned it is worth the effort. [End Page 240] Dennis Hirota Ryukoku University Copyright © 2022 University of Hawai'i Press

Editors' Introduction

Editors' Introduction Thomas Cattoi and Kristin Johnston Largen In 2018, Buddhist-Christian Studies published the proceedings of an international conference on Ippolito Desideri (1684–1733) that had been held in Pistoia in October 2017. Marking the two-hundredth anniversary of the arrival of the Tuscan Jesuit in Lhasa, the event explored from a variety of disciplinary perspectives the extraordinary contribution of a figure who effectively inaugurated the theological conversation between Tibetan Buddhism and Christianity. Desideri, however, was neither the only nor the first Catholic missionary to reach Tibet—a number of other Jesuits and a few members of other religious orders had visited the Land of Snows or even settled there before his arrival. In this issue of the journal, we are therefore glad to open this issue with the translation of another report by a missionary—this time, the author is the Capuchin Domenico da Fano, who authored his memories of his time in Tibet in 1713. The translation is by Michael J. Sweet and Leonard Zwilling—names many of our readers will recognize as the translator and the editor of Desideri's Relazione. As Luciano Petech's collection Il Nuovo Ramusio contains quite a few more reports by Italian Catholic missionaries to Asia, this may not even be the last such translation that the journal is going to publish. Continuing our long-established tradition, the first part of the issue contains a number of papers that were initially presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Buddhist-Christian Studies. For the second year in a row, because of the global health emergency, the meeting was held remotely, but the energy and the enthusiasm of both speakers and audience ensured that the sessions were both compelling and inspiring. A first set of essays touches on the relationship between Buddhist-Christian dialogue and the environmental crisis, exploring perspectives as diverse as process thought, hybridity, the interface between environmental activism and spiritual practice, and the need to listen to the environmental wisdom of the marginalized voices from the Global South. The second section explores different facets of the exchange between Japanese Buddhism and Christianity. Two contributions map the contribution of the Jesuit scholar and practitioner William Johnston, SJ (1925–2010), who played an important role in laying the foundations of dialogue between Japanese Zen and Catholic Christianity; another piece—also presented at the SBCS meeting in November 2021—addresses the fraught question of different responses to US nationalism during the Japanese-American conflict in World War II, while a final essay introduces us to the way women practitioners respond to [End Page vii] challenging aspects of Shin Buddhist teachings. The third and the last section of the first part includes four essays that sketch the contours of a number of interreligious encounters; one explores monastic obedience in Franciscan spirituality and Theravada Buddhism, one touches on the spirituality of victim souls and the Tibetan practice of gcod, and a final one brings into conversation Dignāga, Dharmakīrti, and Lonergan. In 2016, members of the Research Center for World Buddhist Cultures at Ryukoku University started an interreligious project under the title "Conversations in Comparative Theology: Shin Buddhism, Christianity, Islam." The goal was to organize a series of events where a few scholars from these three traditions would present papers on shared themes and discuss points of shared concerns. This initiative led to a series of four meetings that concluded in 2019. Thanks to Dennis Hirota and Perry Schmidt-Leukel, Buddhist-Christian Studies is glad to publish a series of eight essays that emerged from these conversations. Readers will notice that some of these essays are of an interreligious nature, but do not actually discuss the intersection of Buddhism and Christianity. In line with the policy adopted with the publication of the proceedings from the 2019 Lotus Sutra seminar organized in Tokyo by Risshō-Kōsei-Kai, the editors decided to publish all the contributions from these events, so as to make sure that the proceedings of these important interreligious exchanges would all be available in the same place. On January 22, 2022, the Vietnamese Buddhist leader Thich Nhat Hahn reached the end of his life. Thich Nhat Hahn had devoted his...

BABUR

Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur is a historical figure, king and poet who founded the Great Mughal Empire in India. His work "Baburnama" is a unique source that describes the political and social life, geographical location, culture, as well as his own experiences and feelings of the peoples who lived and worked in the 16th century. He left a unique legacy as a literary critic. In his book “Babur”, Eiji Mano compares Babur to Nobunaga Oda, the hero of Japan at the time. Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire in India, was born in Uzbekistan, and the secret of Babur's popularity at that time lies in the book "Baburnama". In “Baburnama”, Babur described the real image of the Silk Road, in which the political and social way of life of his time originated and grew. The author of this book, Eiji Mano, was born in 1939 and graduated from the literature department of Kyoto University. Honorary Professor of the University, received the title of Doctor. He mainly conducted research in the field of the history of Central Asia. He is currently a Professor at Ryukoku University, Professor Emeritus and Doctor of Kyoto University. In 2001, he was awarded the Japan Film Academy Award for his book “Babur and His Time”. We consider it necessary to refer to the translation of his brochure "Babur" in this issue. After all, the assessment of our ancestor Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur and his works, as well as the opinion of foreign scientists should not go unnoticed for us.

Constructing a capacitive rotating angle sensing system using a hand-made oscillator and testers

In this study, we develop a capacitive rotating angle sensing system using a hand-made 1 kHz oscillator, field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier, and tester through a physics experiment conducted in Ryukoku University. Physics majors of the university can study the fundamentals of electronics through this system because it uses electronic elements, such as transistors and FETs. We fabricated the circuit of a rotation angle sensor system using a fan-type and coaxial variable capacitor. The capacitance of the variable capacitors varied linearly with the rotation angle. Owing to the CR high-pass filter, constructed by capacitors and a 100 kΩ resistor, the output voltage of the system was linear with capacitors and the rotation angle. Not only can this system be used to teach university-level physics, but its applications could extend to various industries.

Design and Construction of Ryukoku University JyoujyuHall, Created a New Form of Reinforced Concrete Construction

Design and Construction of Ryukoku University JyoujyuHall, Created a New Form of Reinforced Concrete Construction

Learning Ahn Jung-geuns Vision of Pan-Asianism from His Calligraphic Messages at Ryukoku University

Learning Ahn Jung-geuns Vision of Pan-Asianism from His Calligraphic Messages at Ryukoku University

思想を伝える視覚メディアとしての現代美術 教育的アプローチ : 龍谷大学・滋賀県立近代美術館連携事業「福岡道雄プロジェクト」についての一考察

思想を伝える視覚メディアとしての現代美術 教育的アプローチ : 龍谷大学・滋賀県立近代美術館連携事業「福岡道雄プロジェクト」についての一考察

Influence of temperature and COD loading on biological nitrification–denitrification process using a trickling filter: an empirical modeling approach

To cut down aeration power for nitrification, we constructed a biological nitrification–denitrification process with a trickling filter for nitrification and an anaerobic biological filter for denitrification. The influences of temperature and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading on the nitrification and denitrification performance of the process are discussed in this paper through experimental and empirical modeling approaches. The model constants were determined by the experimental data of the process using municipal wastewater in Ryukoku University. Then, the influences of temperature and COD loading were estimated by the model. The COD levels required for NO3–N removal depended on both, the temperature and influent COD/NO3–N ratio. A lower temperature and higher influent COD/NO3–N ratio increased the COD requirement, because of the different responses between denitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria against temperature, COD, and NO3–N concentrations. In addition, our experimental system could satisfy the Japanese effluent standard at temperatures higher than 12 °C. The dissolved nitrogen (DN) concentration in the final effluent was more strongly affected by the NH4–N discharged from the trickling filter than it was by the residual NO3–N in the effluent from the denitrification tank. Therefore, the enhancement of the nitrification efficiency in the trickling filter was inferred to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency. To prevent a low nitrogen removal efficiency at temperatures lower than 15 °C, it was necessary to set the low hydraulic loading.

New Members of the Editorial Board and International Advisory Board of Angewandte Chemie

New Members of the Editorial Board and International Advisory Board of <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>

Introduction

International Journal of Japanese SociologyVolume 21, Issue 1 p. 2-5 Introduction Kiyoshi Adachi, Kiyoshi Adachi Graduate School of Human Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 6-19-1 Higashi-Ku, Hakozaki, Fukuoka-City, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. Email: adachi@lit.kyushu-u.ac.jpSearch for more papers by this authorYuko Ohara-Hirano, Yuko Ohara-Hirano Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki-ken 852-8520, Japan. Email: hirano@nagasaki-u.ac.jpSearch for more papers by this authorPauline Kent, Pauline Kent Faculty of Intercultural Communication, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Setaoe-cho, Otsu 520-2194, Japan. Email: pauline@world.ryukoku.ac.jpSearch for more papers by this authorDaishiro Nomiya, Daishiro Nomiya Graduate School of Global Studies, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan. Email: dainom@nifty.comSearch for more papers by this author Kiyoshi Adachi, Kiyoshi Adachi Graduate School of Human Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 6-19-1 Higashi-Ku, Hakozaki, Fukuoka-City, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. Email: adachi@lit.kyushu-u.ac.jpSearch for more papers by this authorYuko Ohara-Hirano, Yuko Ohara-Hirano Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki-ken 852-8520, Japan. Email: hirano@nagasaki-u.ac.jpSearch for more papers by this authorPauline Kent, Pauline Kent Faculty of Intercultural Communication, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Setaoe-cho, Otsu 520-2194, Japan. Email: pauline@world.ryukoku.ac.jpSearch for more papers by this authorDaishiro Nomiya, Daishiro Nomiya Graduate School of Global Studies, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan. Email: dainom@nifty.comSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 April 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6781.2012.01174.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume21, Issue1March 2012Pages 2-5 RelatedInformation

Report on the Ninth European Network of Buddhist-Christian Studies Conference: "Hope: A Form of Delusion? Buddhist and Christian Perspectives"

Report on the Ninth European Network of Buddhist-Christian Studies Conference:"Hope: A Form of Delusion? Buddhist and Christian Perspectives" Elizabeth J. Harris, President of the Network Can we hope in a world that is shot through with suffering? Should hope be shunned as a form of attachment? Should we affirm our hope or let go of it? And, if we embrace hope, what should we hope for and what can inspire us? Between sixty and seventy people, from sixteen countries, came together to address questions such as these at the ninth conference of the European Network of Buddhist-Christian Studies, held in glorious weather at Liverpool Hope University in England, between 30 June and 4 July 2011. At the heart of the conference were ten keynote presentations on five crucial aspects of the theme of hope: "Hope and the Critique of Hope," "Hope in Pastoral Situations," "Embodiments of Hope," "Hope in Situations of Hopelessness: Engaged Buddhism and Liberation Theology," and "Eschatologies of Hope." Dr. Sybille Fritsch-Oppermann (Church of Southern Hesse) gave the introductory lecture, which suggested that hope can be seen both as a utopian ideal within and beyond living religions, and a working hypothesis, through which humans can strive toward truth and transcendence. Each theme was addressed from a Buddhist and a Christian perspective, followed by a plenary to enable dialogue between the speakers, and between speakers and participants. Addressing the first theme, "Hope and the Critique of Hope," from a Buddhist perspective, Richard Gombrich (Balliol College, Oxford) robustly argued that hope was not a category relevant to Theravada Buddhism, distinguishing between hope and confidence, and hope and expectation. Werner Jeanrond (Glasgow University), taking the Christian perspective, suggested that a critical theology of hope—an inter-hope dialogue—is necessary, within a critique of other key concepts such as salvation, faith, and love. [End Page 135] Within the session titled "Hope in Pastoral Situations," Dr. Hiroshi Munehiro Niwano (Rissho Kosei-kai, Japan) focused on Rissho Kosei-kai's pastoral work, most movingly its response to the recent earthquake and tsunami in Japan. Notto Thelle (Oslo University), speaking from a Christian viewpoint, sensitively explored pastoral situations caused by life experiences that seem to question and make a mockery of hope, drawing on decades of Buddhist-Christian encounter. Peggy Morgan (Mansfield College, Oxford), addressing the third theme, "Embodiments of Hope," concretized her brief by focusing on a contemporary embodiment of hope capable of emboldening Christians: Rosemary Radford Ruether and her listening dialogue with Buddhism. Mitsuya Dake (Ryukoku University, Japan), on the other hand, chose Amida Buddha as his empowering embodiment of the wisdom, compassion, and non-dualism that lies at the heart of Buddhism, focusing on Shinran's understanding. The theme "Hope in Situations of Hopelessness" was opened to the public in an evening session. Sallie King (James Madison University, USA), using examples such as the Sarvodaya Movement in Sri Lanka and the Dalai Lama's peace work, argued that Buddhism is "loaded" with hope, from an Engaged Buddhist perspective. Buddhist hope, at one level, is an amalgam of acceptance, lawful change, and effort. At another level, it is the conviction that everyone has the potential to change and that truth has power. Sathianathan Clarke (Wesley Theological College, Washington, D.C.) movingly examined Dalit liberation theology, suggesting that hope within this context could be seen as a proxy topos that extends faith into life, an alter-wisdom where love can enrich life, and an energy, a verb, leading to transformative action. Addressing the last theme, "Eschatologies of Hope," Anthony Kelly (Australian Catholic University) recognized a contemporary crisis of hope and, distinguishing between hope as an emotion and hope as a virtue, explored a paradox: that Christian hope is rooted in the resurrection of the crucified Jesus but that this event is described in a varied rhetoric of negations. Justin Ritzinger (Oberlin College, USA), noting that endings are hard to find in Buddhist literature, examined the coming of Maitreya, the future Buddha, as a possible candidate for a Buddhist eschaton. He concluded that the similarities to Christian eschatology are superficial, with the exception of a contemporary reinvention of the Maitreyan tradition in China. In addition to invited keynote speakers, a...

Turfan Fragments of Price Lists in the Takeda Science Foundation&apos;s Kyo-U Library Dunhuang Miji and Related Fragments in the Ryukoku University Library Otani Documents(Introduction of Historical Materials)

Turfan Fragments of Price Lists in the Takeda Science Foundation&apos;s Kyo-U Library Dunhuang Miji and Related Fragments in the Ryukoku University Library Otani Documents(Introduction of Historical Materials)

Reply to Amos Yong's "Ignorance, Knowledge, and Omniscience"

Reply to Amos Yong's "Ignorance, Knowledge, and Omniscience" Dennis Hirota Amos Yong has provided a detailed outline for a comparison of parallel topics in Shinran and Calvinist thought, as well as reflections on epistemological issues he believes confront both traditions in similar ways. I have long sensed that the turn of thought by which the Augustinian problematic of predestination and free will became the Calvinist idea of unconditional election reflects a kind of thoroughgoing critique of self-power characteristic of Japanese Pure Land perceptions. Nevertheless, in this limited reply, I will focus chiefly on the understanding of Shinran in Yong's paper. In my chapter in The Boundaries of Knowledge in Buddhism, Christianity, and Science, as well as my essay above, both of which Yong responds to, I suggest that the dominant Western paradigms for approaching Shinran have tended to obscure what is salient in his thought by presupposing the nature of religious engagement and focusing on conceptual analogues to Western ideas. For Shinran, however, self-power and Other Power are not simply subjective attitudes of the practitioner toward doctrinal teachings, but distinct modes of human existence; between them lies a transformative shift that Shinran terms the realization of shinjin. Thus, I wonder if, despite the resemblances Yong sets forth in his treatment of the Calvinist TULIP, Shinran's concern with the overcoming of the false reification of self and attainment, in some sense, of nondiscriminative wisdom or reality does not indicate a significant and persistent dissonance at the core of the thinking of the two religious figures. It appears that the central concern in the Calvinist narrative is the relationship between human beings and God as agents of will. From the bedrock predicament of estrangement and need for reconciliation emerges the problems of sin, election, atonement, grace, and preservation from apostasy. Although noteworthy structural analogies between the traditions might be pursued, of these terms, it is only grace, perhaps, that has an unforced counterpart in Shinran's thought. Amida Buddha is not sinned against and does not select, judge, make righteous, or forgive. The dilemma that beings face is not disobedience and expiation, but the pain arising from clinging to a delusional self, one falsely imagined to be an enduring, transcendent subject and autonomous agent. For this reason, moreover, Shinran's stance in his writings might better be characterized as phenomenological and hermeneutical than epistemological. When he [End Page 211] states, "Whether the nembutsu is truly the seed for being born in the Pure Land, or whether it is a karmic act that causes one to fall into hell, I do not know," he is manifesting a world of lived experience and challenging ontological presuppositions. From a Shin perspective, modern scientific knowledge belongs among human modes of apprehending the world but does not displace all others or resolve fundamental ignorance. Yong repeatedly refers to the notion of the last dharma-age, as though the times were a distorting medium that condemns its human inhabitants to lives of dissoluteness. Rather, for Shinran, human existence itself is irrevocably conditioned, and salvation lies in being pervaded by wisdom-compassion while remaining possessed of falsity and afflicting attachment. [End Page 212] Dennis Hirota Ryukoku University Copyright © 2011 University of Hawai'i Press

Constructing an integrated system for the practice of playing the guitar.

Constructed here is an integrated system for the practice of playing the guitar for novice guitar players. Novice guitarists for popular music often give up playing it because they cannot keep practicing for the difficulty of realizing finger positions. An algorithm YG for giving optimal chord‐form sequence for given chords was proposed [Emura et al., AST, 104–107 (2006)]. Authors construct an integrated system for guitar practicing by implementing YG. The new system deals with thousands of MIDI files combined with names of chords for them. The proposed system shows chord sequences as the TAB score, with corresponding fingerings generated by YG as the chord diagram. By using the system, users are able to play excerpts using not the difficult but simple pattern of chord‐form. The system interacts with the user playing the MIDI guitar by showing the performed notes with an accompanying playback for current excerpt. The user is expected to be supported on playing it under a performance evaluation, where errors of fingerings are simultaneously shown with accompanying playback stopping or slowing down. The performance of the system is confirmed as better than the usual style of practicing in terms of occurrence frequency of errors. [Work supported by HRC, Ryukoku University.]

Japannequins : A New Bilingual Kyōgen Based on the Traditional Kyōgen Roku Jizō ( Six Jizō)

This introduction traces the playwrighting and directing processes in the creation of thenew kyōgen, Japannequins. The combined suggestions of producers, playwright, director, and actors created humor from intercultural bilingual frictions and depicted the discrepancy between the traditional and contemporary worlds.

The Consciousness of Death in Jodo Shinshu, Based on Research at Ryukoku University(Section 6)

The Consciousness of Death in Jodo Shinshu, Based on Research at Ryukoku University(Section 6)

An integrated system for learning musical theories from western classical and popular music

Presented here is a support system for learning the theory of harmony, one of the main subjects in music education consisting of a set of forbidden progressions. By solving given tasks in the theory of harmony, students can learn forbidden progressions. Shown here is a system that generates all the allowable solutions for given bass tasks within triads, named ‘‘BDS’’ (Basse Donnée system), together with a checking system for answers given by students, named ‘‘VISAGE’’ (Validity Inspecting System for Answers of Given Exercises). VISAGE is designed to point out note allocations that violate forbidden progressions in an input answer if any. In case an answer of a given exercise does not violate forbidden progressions, the input answer is evaluated from a viewpoint of music. Also presented is ‘‘MAESTRO’’ (Musical Aesthetics Evaluation System for Tonal music in Regular and Orthodox style), which evaluates aesthetics of answers to given base tasks. [Work partly supported by Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research (No. 16700154), MEXT, by High‐tech Research Center promoted by Ryukoku University, by Academic Frontier Project promoted by Doshisha University, and by Knowledge Cluster Project promoted by MEXT, Japan.]

Reading Benedict/reading Mead: feminism, race, and imperial visions

As anthropologists, public intellectuals, and feminists, Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead played remarkable roles in twentieth-century life and thought-and far beyond the academy. Their work helped to popularize anthropology while introducing such terms as culture and racism into common parlance. At the same time, they contributed to wider debates about environmentalism, sexuality, the women's movement, and American foreign policy. In this collection, prominent international scholars come together to explore the lives, works, and legacies of two influential figures in American anthropology. The contributions reflect a wide range of topics and perspectives: Benedict and Mead's complicated personal and professional relationship; their activities as scholars and outspoken intellectuals; their efforts to promote feminism and undermine racism; their contributions to (and the challenges they posed to) the imperialist project; and the stories behind their best-known works, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword and Coming of Age in Samoa. Together, the essays provide a useful and provocative introduction to Benedict and Mead as well as to the ongoing debate about the legacy they left behind. Contributors: Lois Banner, University of Southern California; Margaret M. Caffrey, University of Memphis; Nanako Fukui, Kansai University; Angela Gilliam, Evergreen State College; Pauline Kent, Ryukoku University; C. Douglas Lummis, Okinawa International University; Nancy Lutkehaus, University of Southern California; Judith Schachter Modell, Carnegie Mellon University; Maureen Molloy, University of Auckland; Louise M. Newman, University of Florida; Dolores E. Janiewski, Victoria University of Wellington; Christopher Shannon, University of Notre Dame; Gerald Sullivan, University of Notre Dame; Sharon Tiffany, University of Wisconsin, Whitewater; Jean Walton, University of Rhode Island; Virginia Yans, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey

Preparation and characterisation of nano-scale multi-layered ceramic structures : T. Kimura et al. (Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Japan)

Preparation and characterisation of nano-scale multi-layered ceramic structures : T. Kimura et al. (Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Japan)