Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale Research Articles

TERAPI WELL-BEING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING PADA REMAJA YANG TINGGAL DI PANTI SOSIAL BINA REMAJA X

<p><em>The purpose of this research is to know the application of Well-Being Therapy (WBT) in increasing psychological well-being of adolescents who live in PSBR X. This research used pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design, the score of psychological well-being from the participants will measured at the beginning and at the end of WBT, using Ryff psychological well-being scale. Participants of this research are two adolescents, 16 to 18 years old, and live in PSBR X within six months. WBT conducted in six sessions, about 60 minutes in each session. The result of the research showed that the psychological well-being of two participantsincreased after finished the WBT. This prove that WBT can increase psychological well-being of adolescents who live in PSBR X.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> well-being therapy, psychological well-being, adolescents, social institution</em></p>

Purpose in Life Among Centenarian Offspring.

Purpose in life (PIL), a feeling of meaning and direction in life, is associated with favorable health outcomes including lower mortality and reduced risk of disease, disability, and cognitive impairment. Since centenarian offspring have been shown to have long health spans we sought to examine whether they have higher PIL than individuals without familial longevity. We compared PIL scores from the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being in centenarian offspring from the New England Centenarian Study (N = 361, mean age = 82.0 years) with 3 referent groups: spouses, birth cohort-matched referents, and Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, and marital status indicated greater odds of high PIL among centenarian offspring compared with spouse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002-3.68, p = .049) and birth cohort referents (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.36-5.14, p = .004). Offspring had an almost 3 times greater odds of having high PIL than HRS participants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93, 95% CI = 2.17-3.96, p < .0001). Higher PIL is associated with being an offspring of a long-lived parent and may play a role in the ability to delay age-associated illnesses and functional decline. Increasing purposefulness may be a target for interventions to promote healthy aging.

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Psychological Well-Being, and Hypersexuality in Patients With Substance Use Disorder in Iran

Background: Hypersexual disorder is described as multiple unsuccessful attempts to control or diminish the amount of time spent on engaging in sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors in response to dysphoric mood states or stressful life events. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating difficulties in the regulation of emotion, psychological well-being, and socio-economic status in explaining the dimensions of hypersexuality in patients with substance use disorder. Methods: The data presented here was obtained from a total of 285 individuals with substance use disorders, who were selected via a multi-cluster sampling method from residential treatment centers of drug abuse in the city of Tabriz, Iran, during years 2015 to 2016. Instruments used for collecting the required data were Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) as well as the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB). Results: Findings showed there were significant relationships between hyper sexuality and difficulties in emotion regulation (r = 0.44, P < 0.01) and also between hyper sexuality and psychological well-being (r = -0.44, P < 0.01). The suggested model consists of suitable fitness with the data, and factors of difficulty in regulation of emotion, psychological well-being, and socio-economic status could effectively explain the dimensions of hypersexuality in individuals with substance use disorder (GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.87, CFI = 0.96, and RMSEA = 0.063). Conclusions: Results of this study provided sufficient evidence to support this model to explain the behavior of hypersexuality in individuals with substance use disorder and clinical practice could be based on this evidence. Specific treatment programs for people with addiction should be designed to prevent problems associated with relapse.

Burnout y bienestar psicológico de funcionarios de unidades de cuidados intensivos

El propósito del estudio fue el de evaluar la influencia de la rumiación y el apoyo social sobre el burnout y el bienestar psicológico en funcionarios de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de alta complejidad en Chile. Se propuso un modelo de influencia indirecta del brooding sobre el bienestar psicológico, mediado por el apoyo social y el burnout. Para ello, fueron encuestados 136 funcionarios, de los cuales el 81,9% se encontraban entre los 23 y los 59 años de edad, siendo el 85,3% mujeres y el 14,7% hombres. Se empleó el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI), la Escala de Bienestar Psiclógico de Ryff (PWB), la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido de Zimet (MSPSS) y la Escala de Respuesta Rumiativa de Treynor, González y Nolen-Hoeksema (RRS). Los resultados muestran relaciones directas entre el apoyo social y el bienestar, y entre el brooding y burnout, así como relaciones inversas entre el apoyo social y el burnout, y entre el brooding y el bienestar. El modelo de mediación propuesto mostró adecuados índices de ajuste.

Autoeficacia en personas con lesión medular: análisis diferencial en dimensiones de bienestar psicológico

ObjectiveTo examine the association of self-efficacy with psychological well-being in people with spinal cord injury. MethodIn this cross-sectional study, 94 individuals older than 18 years with spinal cord injury caused by a traffic accident participated. For data collection, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale and the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale were administered. ResultsAt older age and more time of the spinal cord injury, greater self-efficacy. Significant relationships between self-efficacy and psychological well-being were obtained. According to the different degrees of self-efficacy, those with high and moderate self-efficacy obtain better scores on self-acceptance, positive relationships, environment control, life purpose and personal growth than those with low self-efficacy. ConclusionsPeople with spinal cord injury with greater self-efficacy perceive more psychological well-being, so that the increase in self-efficacy on the part of this group will result in a greater sense of well-being. This suggests the importance of deepening this association since it will favor a successful adaptation and integration to the environment.

Model of coping strategies, resilience, psychological well-being, and perceived health among military personnel

Background: Military personnel are confronted with physiological and psychological changes caused by stress and exposure to trauma. Although resilience may be protective against psychopathology, very few studies have explored the relationships between the resilience and coping strategies. The study aims to assess how different coping strategies affect resilience, psychological well-being (PWB), and perceived health among military personnel. Subjects and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. Nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) soldiers and nurses in the military medical center were recruited in Taiwan in November 2015. The survey comprised the Brief COPE Scale, Ryff's PWB Scale, and the Resilience Scale for Adults, which examined the relationships among coping strategies, PWB, resilience, and perceived health. Path analysis was applied. Results: We recruited 200 participants (145 male and 177 single) aged 24.6 ± 4.7 years (range, 18–46 years). Resilience (coefficient = 0.60, P < 0.001) and PWB (coefficient = 0.33, P < 0.001) were better when using more approach-oriented coping strategies and fewer avoidant coping strategies, whereas the opposite pattern was seen when using avoidant coping (coefficient = −0.31, P < 0.001 for resilience and coefficient = −.20, P < 0.1 for PWB). PWB significantly predicted perceived health (coefficient = 0.45, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Resilience is higher when positive approach-oriented coping strategies are used, which directly affects PWB, and in turn, predicts better-perceived health. Our conceptual model indicates that interventions designed to promote approach-oriented coping strategies may help military personnel develop improved resilience, PWB, and perceived health status.

Internet addiction and psychological well-being among college students: A cross-sectional study from Central India.

Background:Internet provides tremendous educational benefits for college students and also provided better opportunities for communication, information, and social interaction for young adults; however, excessive internet use can lead to negative psychological well-being (PWB).Objective:The present study was conducted with the objective to find out the relationship between internet addiction and PWB of college students.Materials and Methods:A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out in college students of Jabalpur city of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 461 college students, using internet for at least past 6 months were included in this study. Young's Internet addiction scale, consisting of 20-item, based on five-point Likert scale was used to calculate internet addiction scores and 42-item version of the Ryff's PWB scale based on six-point scale was used in this study.Results:A total of 440 questionnaire forms were analyzed. The mean age of students was 19.11 (±1.540) years, and 62.3% were male. Internet addiction was significantly negatively correlated to PWB (r = –0.572, P < 0.01) and subdimensions of PWB. Students with higher levels of internet addiction are more likely to be low in PWB. Simple linear regression showed that internet addiction was a significant negative predictor of PWB.Conclusion:PWB of college students negatively affected by internet addiction. Hence, it is essential to develop strategies for prevention of internet addiction which is very important for promoting PWB of college students.

Beyond Ryff's scale: Comprehensive measures of eudaimonic well-being in clinical populations. A systematic review.

Eudaimonic well-being that protects mental and physical health has received increasing attention. This investigation aimed to review which comprehensive instruments for measuring eudaimonic well-being were applied with clinical populations (reporting mental or physical illnesses), beyond Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale. Articles citing at least 1 of the measures of eudaimonic well-being identified by previous theoretical work were extracted from medical and psychological electronic databases and screened. Only investigations involving clinical populations were included and reviewed. An initial screening identified 5,065 articles using eudaimonic well-being measures, out of which only 28 articles encompassed clinical populations and could be included. Sixteen involved patients with mental disorders and 12 populations with medical conditions. In these articles, only 4 measures of eudaimonic well-being were used (Mental Health Continuum, Flourishing Scale, General Causality Orientations Scale, and Orientations to Happiness Subscales), out of the 12 currently available in literature. The Mental Health Continuum was the most used instrument, particularly in adults with depression, whose levels of eudaimonic well-being are impaired, but may be improved by specific interventions. Autonomy appeared to influence patients' motivation to treatment, both in mental and physical disorders. The need for a larger consensus regarding specific measures of eudaimonic well-being for clinical populations emerged. The importance of including assessment of positive functioning as an indicator of recovery in clinical domains is discussed.

The community feeling versus anxiety, self-esteem and well-being – introductory research

Abstract In accordance with the concept of A. Adler (1933/1986) - the community feeling is an individual characteristic which is relatively stable throughout life. It refers to an inner relationship of one person with other people: a feeling of unity with others or separation from others. People with high community feeling are motivated in their actions by striving towards the common good, whereas people with low community feeling intend to exhibit their superiority over others in their actions, which would allow them to compensate for their inner feeling of inferiority. On the basis of the Adler concept the following hypotheses were formulated: There is a negative connection between the community feeling and anxiety. The community feeling is positively connected with self-esteem and psychological well-being. A slight increase in the community feeling can be observed with age. The community feeling increases in the age of middle adulthood. 585 people between 20 to 65 years of age were examined. Methods: Community Feeling Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being. The hypotheses assumed were verified.

Relationship Quality as Mediator of Forgiveness and Psychological Well-being among Transgressors in Romantic Relationships

Romantic relationships often blossom in college life. But relationships are not always a bed of roses. One may find themselves to be inflicting hurt towards their partner. The study aimed to explore the role of positive and negative relationship quality as the mediators of forgiveness (seeking and self) and psychological well-being in romantic relationships from the perspective of the transgressors. Data were collected from a sample of 119 college students in New Delhi, India, who have been in a romantic relationship for 6 months at least and who have hurt their partner in the past. They were administered the Seeking Forgiveness Questionnaire, Heartland Forgiveness Scale (self), Positive–Negative Relationship Quality Questionnaire and the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being. The results showed positive relationship quality to be a mediator between forgiveness (seeking and self) and psychological well-being. Additional support for this relationship was provided by the insignificant role of negative relationship quality between forgiveness (seeking and self) and psychological well-being.

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND IT’S CONTRIBUTION TO STUDENTS PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

This study is to identify the effect of environmental psychology to the dimensions of psychological well-being. Those dimensions are (i) acceptance of self, (ii) the purpose of life, (iii) freedom of autonomy, (iv) control of the environment (v) a positive relationship with other people, and (vi) the self - development among National University of Malaysia students. A total of 51 students participated in this study. The respondents in the study consisted of students from one to fourth year undergraduate. The instrument used to measure the study was adapted and modified based on Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scales (1995). This study used quantitative method in the form of questionnaires (surveys). In addition, this research also employs descriptive and inference statistics analysis in the form of mean score, standard deviation, percentage, frequency, regression analysis and t- test. Results showed that the psychological aspects of the environment significantly affect all dimensions of psychological well-being among students where as the most dominant influence in psychological well-being is the dimension of self-acceptance. Hence, the results showed that there were no significant differences among male and female students in the dimension of psychological well-being. Thus the study has to carried out more comprehensive and far-reaching that mainly involving aspects of physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and spiritual so that it can measure the level of well-being holistically among students from primary school up to the tertiary level in turn to enhance the quality of national education.

Emotional intelligence in older adults: psychometric properties of the TMMS-24 and relationship with psychological well-being and life satisfaction.

Aging is a process during which important changes occur in different areas of development and emotional intelligence plays an essential role. The objective of this study was twofold: first, to validate the TMMS-24 in an older population; and second, to examine the mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological well-being. The sample consisted of 215 older adults (60.15% women) with a mean age of 69.56 (SD = 6.42), without cognitive impairment. Data on emotional intelligence, satisfaction with life, and psychological well-being were obtained through the TMMS-24, the SWLS, and Ryff's psychological well-being scales, respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the three-dimensional structure of the TMMS-24. The total scale showed an internal consistency of 0.90, ranging from 0.84 to 0.85 for the subscales. Structural equation modeling indicated that emotional intelligence exerted an influence on psychological well-being both directly and indirectly through life satisfaction. These findings show that the TMMS-24 has adequate psychometric properties for assessing emotional intelligence in elderly participants, and they indicate that emotional intelligence influences cognitive and affective judgments of life satisfaction, with these judgments of life satisfaction predicting psychological well-being.

Risk of mental disorders and difficulties or conflict in relationships in young adults

IntroductionHigher risk of mental health problems has been linked with problems in relationships, including the experience of relational conflict with significant others and peers. Conversely, positive relations with others have been established as a key factor of psychological well being.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that psychological maladjustment will be related to the number, nature and severity of relational stressors. Furthermore, there would be a higher likelihood of risk of mental disorders for those who experience more relational hardships and of greater severity. Positive relations with others will protect from risk of mental health problems.MethodA total of 4461 university students completed a health and well-being survey, including the GHQ-12 (centesimal and 3-point cut-off scores), Ryff psychological well-being scale and a scale of 25 life stressors. Indexes of number and severity of difficulties in relationships were calculated with 10 items including romantic partners, friends, family, and classmates.ResultsCorrelations were significant. Logistic regression showed a risk effect for all stressors with OR values above 1.32. Overall perceived severity had the highest value (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 2.16–2.61) and amongst the 10 stressors, gender related abuse/violence was also the highest (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.73–2.09). Positive relations showed a protective effect (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.56–0.54).ConclusionsFindings can inform health promotion, prevention and therapeutic interventions so as to improve the quality of personal relationship and conflict management skills, and to strengthen well-being associated with positive relations with others. Academic institutions committed to student welfare and the promotion of healthy environments should play a major role in young adults’ mental health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de carreras de la salud

IntroductionHealth degree courses in Chile have seen an increase in interest and matriculations in the last 10 years. The challenge now is to take into account the diversity of student profiles. At this stage, it is essential to know the socio-emotional and psycho-pedagogical features of those who will be in charge of developing a plan for people's care, in order to support them during their professional development. ObjectivesTo identify the level of psychological well-being of health area students in a public university in southern Chile. MethodThis descriptive, cross-sectional study was developed using a positivist approach. It included 190 volunteer health students of both genders with a mean age of 20.94 (SD=3.17). Ryff's Psychological well-being scale (1989) was used. This scale has six dimensions, (a) Environmental mastery, (b) Purpose in life, (c) Autonomy, (d) Positive relations, (e) Self-acceptance, and (f) Personal growth.The values of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the scale dimensions go from 0.68 to 0.78. ResultsThe results show that 40.6% stated to be clear about their purpose in life. However, 41.7% has a deficit level of positive relationships with the environment, 26.6% declared a low level of autonomy, and 25.3% a low level of personal growth. The women had a higher mean in positive relationships, environmental mastery, and personal growth dimensions. The men have a higher mean in autonomy. ConclusionsThe results indicate that universities should provide mechanisms to support the socio-affective development of their health degree students.

Degrees of Psychological Well-Being among Students of Palestinian Universities in Hebron Governorate

This study aims at investigating the levels of psychological well-being among Palestinian university students in Hebron District, and adapting Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scales to the Palestinian environment, The researchers applied the Ryff’s Psychlogical Well-being Scales on a simple random sample of (200) students located at three Palestinian universities (Hebron University, Al-Quds open University, &amp; Polytechnic University). Validity was confirmed. Moreover, the reliability of the scale was confirmed by using Cronbach a coefficient. The study concluded that the degrees of Palestinian students' psychological wellbeing were moderate. In addition to that, the study found that there were differences in the degree of psychological well-being according to gender in favor of females, differences according to the type of specialization in favor of students in the human colleges, differences due to the economic level in favor of students with higher incomes, and differences due to the place of residence in favor of villagers students. Furthermore, the study found there were no differences in the average psychological well-being due to the sitting university. Finally, the study has come out a set of recommendations stemming from its results, such as the need to address welfare for Palestinians, especially in crowded cities, as well as the need to motivate university students in science faculties, and to reduce the degrees of tension induced by the difficult context in which Palestinians live.

Degrees of Psychological Well-Being among Students of Palestinian Universities in Hebron Governorate

This study aims at investigating the levels of psychological well-being among Palestinian university students in Hebron District, and adapting Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scales to the Palestinian environment, The researchers applied the Ryff’s Psychlogical Well-being Scales on a simple random sample of (200) students located at three Palestinian universities (Hebron University, Al-Quds open University, &amp; Polytechnic University). Validity was confirmed. Moreover, the reliability of the scale was confirmed by using Cronbach a coefficient. The study concluded that the degrees of Palestinian students' psychological wellbeing were moderate. In addition to that, the study found that there were differences in the degree of psychological well-being according to gender in favor of females, differences according to the type of specialization in favor of students in the human colleges, differences due to the economic level in favor of students with higher incomes, and differences due to the place of residence in favor of villagers students. Furthermore, the study found there were no differences in the average psychological well-being due to the sitting university. Finally, the study has come out a set of recommendations stemming from its results, such as the need to address welfare for Palestinians, especially in crowded cities, as well as the need to motivate university students in science faculties, and to reduce the degrees of tension induced by the difficult context in which Palestinians live.

Psychological wellbeing and self-esteem in students across the transition between secondary school and university: A longitudinal study

This longitudinal study investigated the psychological wellbeing and self-esteem of students during the transition between secondary school and university. The sample comprised 197 students (82 male; 115 female). The mean age of the students at the start of the study was 18.54 years (SD = 0.78). Students completed measures of psychological wellbeing (Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scale) and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale) during their final year of secondary school and again at the start of their university studies. Repeated measures (RM) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to investigate how transition status and gender affected aspects of psychological wellbeing and self-esteem. Multivariate analysis showed main effect of the transition from school to university on psychological wellbeing and self-esteem. Univariate analysis indicated that psychological wellbeing was higher at the start of university studies than during the final year of secondary school, but failed to confirm the effect of the transition on self-esteem. Gender by transition status interactions for two psychological wellbeing dimensions (autonomy and purpose in life) were found.

A Profile of Psychological Well-being of Student: teachers of colleges of Education

The present study identified psychological well-being profiles in a sample of student-teachers from aided and unaided college of education. 100 student-teachers completed Carol Ryff's (1995) Psychological Well-Being (PWB) scale. The present research is of a descriptive survey type. Profile analysis was applied to six indices from PWB scale: self-acceptance, purpose in life, environmental mastery, positive relations with others, personal growth and autonomy. The results show that a profile analysis shows a flat level of profile of the Psychological Well-being of student-teachers of both the groups. The study reveals that there is no difference in the mean scores of psychological well-being of student teachers of both the groups of college of education. On the basis of the items in the Psychological Well-being scale, it may be concluded that the dimensions of psychological well-being of student-teachers is substantial in magnitude.

Perceived Social Support and Psychological Well-Being in North Eastern and Non-North Eastern Girl Hostellers

The objective of the present study is to determine whether there is a relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being North Eastern and non-North Eastern under-graduate girl hostellerls. Anon-probability purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 100 under-graduate girl hostellers, among whom 50 were North Eastern students and 50 were non-North Eastern students. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Cohen, Mermelstein, Kamrack, & Hoberman, 1985) and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1989) were administered to assess perceived social support and psychological well-being respectively. The findings revealed that there were significant differences between Northeastern and non-Northeastern girl hostellers with respect to the environmental mastery, positive relations and self-acceptance dimensions of psychological well-being (p<0.05). Perceived social support and psychological well-being were found to have positive correlated in non-North Eastern girl hostellers (p<0.05). The current study provides insight into the importance of social support and its relationship with an individual's psychological well-being. Such an understanding could help educators, counsellors and psychologists to design and develop suitable intervention strategies to reduce psychological problems among students.

Bienestar psicológico en función de la etapa de vida, el sexo y su interacción

Objective . To evaluate the differences in the dimensions of psychological well-being in reference to age, gender and their interaction. Method. A sample with 706 participants was obtained and then divided in three age groups (young, middle-aged adults and elderly adults), who responded to the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale A MANOVA was calculated taking into account the group variables of age, gender and their interaction. Later, an ANOVA was done to know among which groups there were differences for each dimension. Results. The analysis showed a decrease, with age, in the dimensions of psychological well-being of positive relationships with others, and personal growth, domain of the environment and loss of autonomy in the elderly adults. In addition, the dimension of self-acceptance differs between the genders with age; women showed a decrease in their personal growth with age, while the domain of the environment increases with the adult age being more stable among women. Conclusion. Based on the above, it is suggested that a work in negative and maladaptive thoughts in women, since men get a better score in dimensions that diminish the appearance of pathologies related to the mood. A work in the social relationships as well as the individuals’aptitudes should be encouraged.