Russian Turkish Research Articles

Spectral evolution and photo-ionization analysis of Nova Cas 2020 (V1391 Cas)

We present spectroscopic observations of Nova Cas 2020 (V1391 Cas) obtained using the Russian Turkish Telescope during different stages of its 2020 outburst. We followed the spectral evolution of the nova until it entered the nebular phase. The expansion velocity of the ejecta reached ∼780km s−1. The fluxes of the neutral [O I] lines at wavelengths 6300, 6364, and 5577 ̊A were used to calculate the electron temperature and the mass of neutral oxygen in the ejecta. We found average values Te=4890K, MOI=2.54×10−5M⊙ which are consistent with the values calculated for other novae. We modeled the nova’s ejected envelope 515 days after its discovery and found that the log elemental abundances by number relative to Hydrogen of the envelope are He = −0.7, C = −5.5, O = −2.5, N = −2.0 and Ne = −4.0.

Understanding Cooperation in Russian–Turkish Energy Relations

Abstract This article conceptualises one of the most important factors shaping the Russian–Turkish multidimensional partnership—the dynamics around energy. It seeks to answer the question: “To what extent does energy ensure cooperation in Russian–Turkish relations, despite current tensions?” The author argues that even though the two countries have had disagreements over each other’s involvement in certain energy projects, their shared interests in energy have been strengthened by their interdependence and have led to a greater convergence, which in turn allows for cooperation. As a result, the energy sector serves as a mitigating factor in bilateral relations. The author focuses on Russian and non-Russian natural gas pipeline projects, using the interdependence theory as a theoretical framework.

Optical Identification and Spectroscopic Redshift Measurements of 216 Galaxy Clusters from the SRF/eROSITA All-Sky Survey

We present the results of the optical identification and spectroscopic redshift measurements of216 galaxy clusters detected in the SRG/eROSITA all-sky X-ray survey. The spectroscopic observationswere performed in 2020–2023 with the 6-m BTA telescope at the Special Astrophysical Observatory ofthe Russian Academy of Sciences, the 2.5-m telescope at the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of theSternberg Astronomical Institute of the Moscow State University, the 1.6-m AZT-33IK telescope atthe Sayan Solar Observatory of the Institute of Solar–Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of theRussian Academy of Sciences, and the 1.5-m Russian–Turkish telescope (RTT-150) at the TU¨ BI˙ TAKObservatory. For all of the galaxy clusters presented here the spectroscopic redshift measurements havebeen obtained for the first time. Of these, 139 galaxy clusters have been detected for the first time in theSRG/eROSITA survey and 22 galaxy clusters are at redshifts zspec 0.7, including three at zspec 1.Deep direct images with the rizJK filters have also been obtained for four distant galaxy clusters atzspec 0.7. For these observations we chose the most massive clusters and, therefore, most of the galaxyclusters presented here with the spectroscopic redshifts measured by us will most likely enter in future intothe cosmological samples of galaxy clusters from the SRG/eROSITA survey.

Managed Regional Rivalry Between Russia and Turkey After the Annexation of Crimea

This essay explores the regional rivalry between Russia and Turkey from the former’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 to its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The main argument is that Russia and Turkey have maintained a managed regional rivalry. The two have continuously supported opposing sides in regional conflict theatres. At the same time, Russia and Turkey have learned to accommodate the interests and spheres of influence of each other and cooperate through various bilateral mechanisms. The essay concludes that a form of managed regional rivalry will continue to shape Russian–Turkish relations in Eurasia in the foreseeable future.

Putin and Erdoğan – A “Beautiful Friendship” of Illiberal Presidents

Putin and Erdoğan’s “beautiful friendship” has been defining Russian–Turkish political, diplomatic and economic relations on the one hand, and the handling of many conflicts, including the Syrian civil war, for nearly two decades on the other. It can be said that in many cases, when the interests of the Russian and Turkish states clash with each other or there are conflicts of principle and values, it is the two presidents who, because of their similar habitus and political character, find solutions to the problems. One thing is for sure: without the personalities of Erdoğan and Putin, the recent history of the two nations would not be so diverse and full of twists and turns. This article would like to give an analytical journey into the common history of the Turkish and Russian nations, as well as to the souls of the two politicians to look at the reasons and motivations behind the often contradictory political moves. As relatively little work has been done on the topic in Turkish, but more in English, the study is based on scientific papers and Internet publications written in the latter language. It aims at disclosing the role of the two regional powers in a global framework.

Determined the Effective Temperature and Gravity Acceleration at the Atmosphere of (HD165908) Star

The study of the chemical composition of stars in our Galaxy showed that it changes in a non-random way from a star to a star: older stars and halo stars have a metal deficit compared to young stars and disc stars. However, this is not always the case. Sometimes old stars have a solar chemical composition, and young stars show a deficit of metals. It is believed that the formed stars has a chemical composition of the interstellar substance from which it was formed; therefore, the initial content of elements in its atmosphere depends on the time and place of birth. Within the framework of this work, echelle spectra of star 99Her of spectral classes A-F has been proceed, obtained with a 1.5-meter telescope PTT-150 (Russian Turkish Telescope-150). As a result of processing the spectra, the equivalent widths of unbend and weakly blended absorption lines were measured, 350 lines this star. The measured equivalent line widths can be used for other studies of the atmospheres of the A-F stars composition. Stars with temperatures of 8000-9000 K show a significant excess of elements heavier than iron and some deficiency of light elements. These results, apparently, are a consequence of the effects of light pressure and gravitational diffusion of atoms and ions in atmospheres of calm and radiative atmospheres of A-stars.

Dan Veach, Beowulf and Beyond: Classic Anglo-Saxon Poems, Stories, Sayings, Spells, and Riddles. Atlanta: Lockwood, 2021, x, 223 pp.

A neat anthology of translations presents familiar items of Old English, plus snippets from the Anglo-Latin of Bede. It parallels the hundreds of volumes (some in Russian or Japanese or Turkish) listed in Hans Sauer’s 205 Years of “Beowulf”: Translations and Adaptations (Trier: WVT, 2011). It is another worthy attempt to open windows on England’s earliest literature.

НАХИЧЕВАНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ В КОНТЕКСТЕ МОСКОВСКОГО ДОГОВОРА И РУССКО–ТУРЕЦКО АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ 1920-1921 ГГ.

NAKHIJEVAN REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TREATY OF MOSCOW AND OF THE RUSSIAN–TURKISH–AZERBAIJANIAN RELATIONS IN 1920-1921 As it was necessary for the Kemalist Turkey to abolish the results of the Treaty of Sèvres, it came to an understanding with the Soviet Russia and gained assistance of its Red Army. Thus, the Turkish detachments returned into Nakhijevan on July 28, 1920, though they were driven out of it earlier by the forces of the Republic of Armenia. The latter one agreed to consider this district a "contestable" territory and adopted the deployment of the Bolshevik Army in it. Taking into account the fatal course of the Turkish-Armenian War of 1920, the official Yerevan did not reject on October 28 the future referendum in Nakhijevan; and the RSFSR accepted the unshakeable right of Armenia in regard to this district. However, the Alexandropol Treaty was signed on December 2, and the Republic of Armenia referred a conduct of referendum and control over the whole area to the Turkish Army. This Treaty deprived Armenia of the sovereign rights regarding Nakhijevan. Subsequent stubbornness of Turkey, together with its contribution to the Sovietization of Azerbaijan, produced the Treaty of Moscow, signed on March 16/18, 1921. This transaction grossly violated the international law and without participance of the third party – independent, though sovietized but mutinous Armenia, had transferred trusteeship over Nakhijevan to Azerbaijan. On October 13, 1921, Armenia got a tiny territorial cession, sanctioned the Treaty of Kars and recognized the new status of Nakhijevan.

Spectroscopic Redshift Determination for a Sample of Distant Quasars Detected by the SRG Observatory Based on RTT-150 Observations. I

Results of the first spectroscopic observations at the 1.5-m Russian–Turkish telescope for the X-ray sources discovered by the eROSITA telescope onboard the SRG space observatory and identified by the SRGz machine learning system as candidates for distant X-ray quasars are presented. Seven objects have been confirmed as quasars at redshifts $$z=2.7{-}4.2$$ and two sources, which were included in the program of optical observations aimed at testing and adjusting SRGz and had a significant uncertainty in the photometric redshift, have turned out to be Seyfert galaxies at $$z\approx 0.6$$ .

NGC 2366 : An optical search for possible supernova remnants

The results of an optical search for supernova remnants (SNRs) in the nearby irregular galaxy NGC 2366 are presented. We took interference filter images and collected spectral data in three epochs with the f/7.7 1.5 m Russian Turkish Telescope (RTT150) at TÜBİTAK National Observatory (TUG) located in Antalya, Turkey. The continuum-subtracted Hα and continuum-subtracted [S ii]λλ6716, 6731 images and their ratios were used for the identification of SNRs. With [S ii]/Hα ≥ 0.4 criteria, four possible SNR candidates were identified in NGC 2366 with [S ii]/Hα ratios of ~ (0.68, 0.57, 0.55 and 0.75), Hα intensities of ~ (2.10, 0.36, 0.14, 0.11)×10−15 erg cm−2 s−1 [S ii]λ6716/λ6731 average flux ratios of ~ (1.01 and 1.04), electron densities of Ne ~ (582 and 513) cm−3 and [O iii] λ5007/Hβ λ4861 ~ (3.6 and 2.6) line ratio values are obtained for two of the SNR candidates. A shock velocity Vs of 80 ≤ Vs ≤ 100 km s−1 is reported. The spectral parameters are obtained for the first time for these possible SNR candidates. The locations of the four SNRs obtained here are found to be consistent with optical and radio results reported so far. One of the sources categorised earlier by XMM-Newton observations as an extended X-ray source position is found to be consistent with one of four possible SNR candidates reported here.

Mixed marriage and transnational marriage migration in the grip of political economy: Russian-Turkish Case

ABSTRACT Since the early 1990s, marriages between Russian women and Turkish men have become more common. Today, Russian brides have the top place among marriage migrants in Turkey. This study aims to reveal the actors, places, motivations and mechanisms of these marriages, which have changed the social fabric significantly. The study emphasizes the direct effects of political-economic structures on mixed marriage and marriage migrations. In this study, in-depth interviews were held with Russian brides and their Turkish husbands in İstanbul and Antalya. The results show that this 30-year-old marriage pattern has evolved substantially over time, mirroring the two countries’ political economy, and has created its own system that diverges from the global trend in several ways.

Spectroscopic Redshift Measurements for Galaxy Clusters Detected in the Planck All-Sky Survey

We present the results of spectroscopic redshift measurements for galaxy clusters from the catalogue compiled previously from Planck all-sky survey data in combination with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and WISE data in the optical and infrared ranges. Most of these clusters are massive objects that will also be detected in future all-sky surveys, such as the eROSITA all-sky X-ray survey onboard the Spectrum–Roentgen–Gamma (SRG) space observatory. The spectroscopic observations of these galaxy clusters have been carried out with the 1.5-m Russian–Turkish telescope (RTT150), the 1.6-m Sayan Observatory AZT-33IK telescope, and the 6-m SAO RAS telescope (Bolshoi Teleskop Azimutalnyi, BTA). The spectroscopic redshift measurements have been obtained for 67 galaxy clusters, including 12 galaxy clusters from the second Planck catalogue of Sunyaev–Zeldovich sources.

Analysis of Russian Foreign Policy from Aspect of Russian Turkish Relations

According to August 1996 records the last official status of Chechnya was postponed till 2001. Until that time Chechnya would be accepted independent in the presidency of Aslan Mashadov, the official general. However, this defeat was disgraceful according to Moscow and it was just a war that each side desired to revenge and test each other. The appointment of Putin, who was being more ambitious and aggressive than the others, foreshadowed the new applications to be implemented by the army. In September 1999, a series of bombings in the Moscow apartments caused the deaths of many people and caused property damage, which was used as a reason for the shady accusation of Chechnya. The government blamed the Chechen separatists for attacking areas of rebellion. The victory of the Russian forces fighting the guerrilla opposition forces destroyed the capital Grozny and other cities.

The Russian–Turkish rapprochement

Relations between Russia and Turkey have recently swung from comprehensive discord to wide-ranging cooperation, spanning the energy, economic, military and diplomatic spheres. But their rapprochement remains far from a strategic partnership, defined more by tensions and uncertainties than by clearly shared national interests. The pendulum could swing back again.

An Interactive Model-Driven Simulation Approach for Dynamic Behavior Analysis in Armed Conflicts

As system dynamic behaviors are difficult to capture and analyze in model-based systems engineering, executable architectures, and simulation methods are widely studied to understand the behaviors that result from interactions amongst system components. However, most current studies often strive for analyzing independently specific aspects of architecture rather than capturing simultaneously the structural, behavioral, and performance related features, leading to failures of understanding the whole system from a global perspective. Accordingly, an interactive model-driven simulation that includes meta-model mapping and collaborative engine capabilities specific to DoDAF, Rhapsody, and STK simulations is first proposed to integrate the full advantages of different analytical tools. Then, a synergic engine is developed to provide synchronized control between time-driven and event-driven execution through the dynamic analysis process. Two executable techniques communicate with each other throughout the entire execution cycle to provide complementary necessary process information. The events occurred in the STK simulation scenario are used as the trigger of the executable state machine model that describes only the logical procedure of system behaviors without time- and space-related constraints. Last, an illustrative example of the Russian–Turkish Plane Incident is carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the foregoing approach.

Economic Pull Factors versus Political Push Factors: A Descriptive Analysis of Multidimensional Relations between Russia and Turkey

This article analyses the economic cooperation and political disagreements between Russia and Turkey, focusing on the Putin–Erdogan (2003–2014) period. The analysis depends therefore on economic, socio-cultural, military and political dimensions of the relations between the two neighbouring countries. The article aims to contribute to efforts that try to comprehend the past, present, and future of Russian–Turkish relations. It can be mentioned that Russian–Turkish relations have both positive and negative aspects, and the crucial questions in this respect are: Will the pragmatism stimulated by economic expectations be sufficient to ignore political paradoxes? Are further political relations, such as strategic alliances and/or partnerships, possible between these two countries?

The use of digital diplomacy as a tool for symbolic violence: Framing analysis of Russian–Turkish relations on Twitter

The use of digital diplomacy as a tool for symbolic violence: Framing analysis of Russian–Turkish relations on Twitter

The effects of Russia-Turkey crisis on mixed families in İstanbul: Hearing the voices of women

After 1990’s, Russia-Turkey migration system has developed and a great number of Russian women and Turkish men have started to cross the border for various purposes. Within this mobility, new social, culturel, economic and political realities have emerged. One of the most important realities is increasing of Russian-Turkish couples and their important roles on the Russia-Turkey migration system. Just like Ley and Waters (2004) said, migrants not only move from one place to another, but also move from one set of social relations to another. In this context, I'd like to mention about what has happened in lives of mixed families in Istanbul after an aircraft belonging to Russian Federation Air Forces was shoot-down by Turkish Air Forces on the November 24th, 2015. This study based on interviews with marriage migrants, their couples and representatives of Russian institutions in Istanbul. In conclusion, the crisis between Russia and Turkey has affected lives of Russian women in Istanbul both negative and positive ways. These women are foreigners in Turkey and their limited social environments have imprisoned them to a narrow area during the crisis. But they have tried to bring into connection with two parts of the crisis and have tried to stand between Turkey and Russia by using their institutional networks which also have supported their collective identities.

Results of observations of asteroids at the Russian–Turkish RTT-150 telescope from 2004–2013

We report the results of analysis of the data volume containing 13834 topocentric positions of 231 asteroids obtained from observations at the Russian–Turkish RTT-150 telescope (TUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey), Turkey) in 2004–2013. The positions of asteroids were calculated with the differential reduction method in the ICRS system with the use of the reference catalogs of the UCAC series. The observational program covered the main-belt asteroids closely encountering the other asteroids and the near-Earth asteroids (NEA). For the main belt asteroids, the mean-square error of one position was 84 and 68 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively, while it was 160 and 120 mas, respectively, for NEAs. The obtained volume of the asteroid positions widens the arc of groundbased observations of these bodies, which is important for evaluating their orbital elements with a higher accuracy. Moreover, observations of the main-belt asteroids in the periods of close encounters yield valuable material to solve the problem on accurate estimation of the masses of asteroids with a dynamic method. It has been shown that the supplementing of the input dataset with the here-reported observational volume decreases the error in the estimates of the perturbing asteroid mass and the orbital parameters of perturbed bodies.

Double-wedged Wollaston-type polarimeter design and integration to RTT150-TFOSC; initial tests, calibration, and characteristics

Photometric and spectroscopic observation capabilities of 1.5-m Russian–Turkish Telescope RTT150 has been broadened with the integration of presented polarimeter. The well-known double-wedged Wollaston-type dual-beam technique was preferred and applied to design and produce it. The designed polarimeter was integrated into the telescope detector TFOSC, and called TFOSC-WP. Its capabilities and limitations were attempted to be determined by a number of observation sets. Non-polarized and strongly polarized stars were observed to determine its limitations as well as its linearity. An instrumental intrinsic polarization was determined for the 1 × 5 arcmin field of view in equatorial coordinate system, the systematic error of polarization degree as 0.2 %, and position angle as 1.9∘. These limitations and capabilities are denoted as good enough to satisfy telescopes’ present and future astrophysical space missions related to GAIA and SRG projects.