Russian Socialist Revolutionaries Research Articles

Konrad Zilliacus and Revolutionary Russia

Abstract The Russian revolutionary movement was not well known in the Grand Duchy of Finland. Connections between Finnish political activists and Russian revolutionaries started only in the first years of the twentieth century. This article investigates Swedish-speaking author and activist Konrad Zilliacus's relation with the Russian revolutionaries. It analyzes how Zilliacus's understanding of revolutionary Russia was constructed. Based on the close reading of his book Det Revolutionära Ryssland and the Finnish and English translations of this book, this study analyzes Zilliacus's perceptions of Russia, sources of his information, and the reception of the book and its impact on general knowledge of revolutionary Russia in Finland. The article illuminates Zilliacus's connections abroad and with the Russian socialist revolutionaries. It provides an insight into the topics of the book and discusses how this information was obtained and how the experts of the book were related in the network of the revolutionaries. The article discusses the impact of the book and draws a synthesis of the Russian expertise in Finland and abroad of that time. The article demonstrates how the socialist revolutionaries, who had also sought support from abroad, influenced Zilliacus's thinking on Russian opposition and the future of Finland.

ПРАЗЬКА ГРУПА УПСР ТА СТВОРЕННЯ СОЦІАЛІСТИЧНОЇ ЛІГИ НОВОГО СХОДУ

article is devoted to the consideration of the activities of the Prague Group of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries (UPSR) on the creation of an association of socialist forces of the USSR in emigration – the Socialist League of the new East. This organization was supposed to prepare the ground for the formation of an alliance of the peoples of the USSR after gaining independence. party tried to implement it from the beginning of the 1920s, consolidating in Prague groups of Belarusian and Russian socialist-revolutionaries. main thesis of this article is that the Prague group of the UPSR played an important role in the creation of the Socialist League of the peoples of the new East.The Prague group of the UPSR has developed the concept of a possible unification since the early 1920s. In particular, in 1921, one of the leaders of the UPSR N. Hryhoryiv held a public debate The National Question in East Representatives of the majority of the socialist parties of the peoples of the USSR abroad took part in it, they demonstrated their vision of interethnic relations in Eastern Europe and the possible unification of these peoples in the future for the common defense of state, economic and cultural interests. leaders of the UPRS M. Shapoval and N. Hryhoryiv considered the consolidation of the socialist anti-communist forces of Eastern Europe is an important contribution to the destruction of the USSR and the Bolshevik government, its discredit on the international scene. At the same time, they believed that just socialist forces (very popular at that time in Europe and the world) could have become the basis for the unification of the Soviet Union after its collapse into a new alliance. That is why they made efforts to unite socialists in emigration.The UPSR reached agreements with Russian and Belarusian socialist-revolutionaries in Prague, have established contacts with the other socialists of the USSR and have created in 1925 the Union of the Peoples of Eastern Europe. Аs a result of its transformation in October 1926, the UPSR with the other socialists of the USSR created the Socialist League of the new East (initially the organization was called the Socialist League of the Peoples of the East). As a strategic goal of the Socialist League of the new East it was proclaimed the creation of a confederation of independent on the territory of the USSR – the free alliance of new national states – in the composition of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkestan and, possibly, the Caucasian republics, mutual guarantees of inviolability of borders and rights of national minorities; economic and financial cooperation, in particular customs and tariff union.Therefore, the Prague group of the UPSR played a significant role in the creation of the League. It was a unifying center for the consolidation of the socialists of the USSR in emigration, and its leaders contributed greatly to the organization of the League and the creation of a program that corresponded to the party tasks of the Prague Group of the UPSR.

The Socialist Revolutionary Party, Ukraine, and Russian National Identity in the 1920s

During the late 1920s Victor Chernov and some other Socialist Revolutionaries (SR) in the emigration broke sharply with traditional SR thinking on the nationalities question. Chernov (1876-1952), one of Russia's most well known revolutionaries, had been a founder of the SR party in 1902 and was considered its leader and chief theoretician. He had been minister of agriculture in the Provisional Government and elected chair of the Constituent Assembly when it met in January 1918. After the assembly was dissolved he participated in anti-Bolshevik socialist governments in the Volga region and Siberia, but had to leave Russia in 1920. He had very difficult relations with the SRs in Paris and kept his legitimacy as leader through his membership of the Foreign Delegation and his control of the larger Prague SR group.1 When this group split in 1927, he formed a breakaway group, which he insisted represented the SR party abroad. This split is usually ascribed to emigre factionalism, but the cause was an issue of profound importance to the SRs. In 1926 Chernov had created the Socialist League of a New East (Sotsialisticheskaia Liga Novogo Vostoka), which called for the break-up of the USSR into independent nation-states, including a Russian one. This proposal was so unacceptable to fellow SRs that adherence to the Socialist League was considered incompatible with party membership.2 The position the Socialist League adopted on Ukrainian independence was one of the primary reasons that other SRs rejected it. This article describes the attitude of Russian SRs toward Ukraine and the Ukrainian SRs. The Socialist League was largely a project between Russian and Ukrainian SRs. It claimed that the Bolshevik regime was a colonial one and a national oppressor of the other Soviet Republics.3 The idea that Ukraine had a colonial relationship to Russia was utterly unacceptable to the majority of SRs, as was the idea that Ukrainian separatism was a radical and progressive movement.

The Sickle under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule

Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of medieval, Renaissance, Italian, Iberian, Slavic, and urban studies, as well as studies in book and print culture.

Oliver Henry Radkey, The Sickle Under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule. “Studies of the Russian Institute.” New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1963. xiv + 525 pp. $9.75.

Oliver Henry Radkey, The Sickle Under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule. “Studies of the Russian Institute.” New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1963. xiv + 525 pp. $9.75.

The Sickle under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule

The Sickle under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule

The Sickle under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule

Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of medieval, Renaissance, Italian, Iberian, Slavic, and urban studies, as well as studies in book and print culture.

Book Reviews: The Pure Theory of Politics, The Nature and Limits of Political Science, Social Science and Political Theory, in Defence of Politics, The Theory of Political Coalitions, The British Political Elite, Amateurs and Professionals in British Politics, 1918–59, London Government and the Welfare Services, Local Government Today … and Tomorrow, Public Expenditure: Appraisal and Control, The Lessons of Public

Book Reviews: The Pure Theory of Politics, The Nature and Limits of Political Science, Social Science and Political Theory, in Defence of Politics, The Theory of Political Coalitions, The British Political Elite, Amateurs and Professionals in British Politics, 1918–59, London Government and the Welfare Services, Local Government Today … and Tomorrow, Public Expenditure: Appraisal and Control, The Lessons of Public

The Sickle Under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule. By <italic>Oliver Henry Radkey</italic>. [Studies of the Russian Institute, Columbia University.] (New York: Columbia University Press. 1963. Pp. xiii, 525. $9.75)

The Sickle Under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule. By <italic>Oliver Henry Radkey</italic>. [Studies of the Russian Institute, Columbia University.] (New York: Columbia University Press. 1963. Pp. xiii, 525. $9.75)

The Sickle Under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule

The Sickle Under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule

The Sickle under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule

The Sickle under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule

Russian Liberalism: From Gentry to Intelligentsia. George FischerThe Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917. Oliver H. Radkey

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsRussian Liberalism: From Gentry to Intelligentsia. George Fischer The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917. Oliver H. Radkey Leopold H. HaimsonLeopold H. Haimson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 32, Number 3Sep., 1960 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/238602 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright 1960 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917. By <italic>Oliver H. Radkey</italic>. [Studies of the Russian Institute, Columbia University.] (New York: Columbia University Press. 1958. Pp. xiv, 521. $8.50.)

Journal Article The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917. By Oliver H. Radkey. [Studies of the Russian Institute, Columbia University.] (New York: Columbia University Press. 1958. Pp. xiv, 521. $8.50.) Get access The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917. By Radkey Oliver H.. [Studies of the Russian Institute, Columbia University.] (New York: Columbia University Press. 1958. Pp. xiv, 521. $8.50.) Alexander Gerschenkron Alexander Gerschenkron Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 64, Issue 4, July 1959, Pages 959–960, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/64.4.959 Published: 01 July 1959

The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917

The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917

The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917, by Oliver H. Radkey

The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917, <i>by Oliver H. Radkey</i>

The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, March to October, 1917.

The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, March to October, 1917.

The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917 by Oliver H. Radkey

Book Review| April 01 1959 The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917 by Oliver H. Radkey The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917. By Radkey, Oliver H.. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958. Pp. xiv, 521. $8.50. Lazar Volin Lazar Volin Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google South Atlantic Quarterly (1959) 58 (2): 305–307. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-58-2-305 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Lazar Volin; The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism: Promise and Default of the Russian Socialist Revolutionaries, February to October 1917 by Oliver H. Radkey. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 April 1959; 58 (2): 305–307. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-58-2-305 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSouth Atlantic Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1959 by Duke University Press1959 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.