Russian Scientific Organizations Research Articles

Public good of Digital Transformation of Public administration and the applicability of the Groves-Clark mechanism: strategic aspects

The article describes and analyzes the strategic possibilities of digital transformation of public administration focused on the socio-economic development of the country, on digital management of branches of the national economy and the social sphere, the priority of which is the steady growth of public welfare, improving the quality of life of citizens as economic agents. Object of research: public goods of digital transformation of public administration. Subject of the study: strategic possibilities of the applicability of the Groves-Clark mechanism in identifying the preferences of agents for making managerial decisions on the improvement of public territories. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the digital transformation of public administration as a public good and as an innovative process that ensures the adoption of optimal management decisions by state and local self–government bodies when providing citizens with other public goods. Methods of work: analysis of the results of scientific research and development of domestic and foreign scientists, international and Russian scientific organizations. The result of the work: preparation of methodological provisions for the development of effective management decisions based on an online study of the true preferences of key agents who assess in advance the usefulness in the strategic perspective of the public good provided, as well as methodological recommendations for implementation in a single digital platform "GosTech", including in the state information systems (GIS) hosted on it, the Groves-Clark mechanism (including Vickrey-Clark-Groves).

Assessment of the current state of hydrogen energy in Russia

Despite the great uncertainty in the timing that analysts indicate in their forecasts, the transition to a new energy system is inevitable. This transition does not mean an instant and complete abandonment of hydrocarbon energy, but its gradual replacement with energy sources that do not pollute the environment during operation, with a low «carbon footprint». And the role of hydrogen energy in this process is significant. The purpose of the article is to review and assess the current state of hydrogen energy in Russia, in particular on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technologies. The article contains references from strategic and long-term planning documents in the field of energy, indicating the main directions of development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation; hydrogen energy technologies, including fuel cell technologies (FC): general characteristics, scope of their application, five main types of FC, and in more detail - the general characteristics and scope of SOFC as the most promising from the point of view of practical application and the level of technological development. The monitoring of publication activity on the subject of the SOFC was carried out, the methodology of which is based on the use of advanced search tools of the international scientific citation systems Web of Science and Scopus by keywords. The dynamics of the publication activity of scientists who conducted research on the subject of SOFC for the period 1990-2020 is presented; monitoring of the publication activity of 10 world leaders in scientific research in the field of SOFC for the period 2010-2020 and separately – the rating of Russian scientific organizations for the period 1990-2020. The results of the research of foreign scientists involved in this topic within the framework of megagrant projects, as well as the results of competitive selections within the framework of state support for young Russian scientists (grants and scholarships of the President of the Russian Federation) are analyzed.

On the key vectors of legal protection of intellectual rights of the Russian participants of the foreign “megascience” projects

Globalization of scientific research entails a range of complex legal problems substantiated by the organizational aspects of creation and functioning of large research projects, such as the absence of the uniform legal approach towards creating “megascience” project, imbalance between legal force of the norms of international agreements and national norms within the legal system of the accepting country depending on the organizational form of the project. The object of this research is the complex of public relations that influence the building of legal protection mechanism for intellectual rights of the Russians participating in foreign “megascience” projects. Within the framework of this research, the author analyzes the questions of participation of the Russian scholars in “megascience” projects, including the problems of protection of their intellectual rights. The questions are studied in the context of the uniform system of specificity of problem situations that emerge in the course of implementation of “megascience” project. The main conclusion lies in the thesis that indicates the need to provide Russian scientific organizations and individual scholars participating in “megascience” projects with the necessary s methodological recommendations in form of an optimal model of legal protection of their rights and legitimate interests in conducting research within the framework of foreign megascience projects or using “megascience” installations. The activity of Russian scholars engaged in foreign “megascience” projects requires information-legal and organizational-legal support for the effective protection of intellectual rights. The novelty of this work consists in examination of the questions of participation of Russian scholars and scientific organizations in “megascience projects” abroad without reducing it to solely financial and scientific component problem.

Bibliometric analysis of the research activity efficiency of the Fiber Optics Research Center of the RAS

Russian scientific organizations rating system introduction at the state level makes the use of scientometric indicators necessary. This article is devoted to the problems of analysis and improving the scientific activities effectiveness of the organization. The aim of this work is to present the bibliometric analysis results of the research activities of the Fiber Optics Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FORC RAS). The assessment of the contribution of the FORC RAS to the development of fiber optics as a scientific field is given. The main scientometric indicators were studied: publication activity, the total number of scientific papers citations and normalized citation, the number of the most highly cited articles, Hirsch indices. The comparison of bibliometric indicators of the FORC RAS with other Russian scientific organizations working in the fiber optics field was carried out. The performed analysis is relevant both to characterize the FORC RAS activities and to choose the library activity direction. The methodological approach is based on the application of mathematical, bibliographic and bibliometric research methods. The analysis was carried out using the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), scientometric databases Web of Science and Scopus, as well as the InCites analytical tool. The relationship between meeting the needs for scientific information of scientists and increasing the efficiency and success of research activities of a scientific organization is shown. The main source of information at the present stage is the access of research organizations to the scientific electronic resources of leading world publishers. In this work, the authors conclude that new forms of library work, consisting in creating your own information resource “Fiber Optics Information System”, which contains both an electronic library of publications in this subject area, and complete information about the work of employees, are very promising.

Media studies in Russia: determination of scientific status

ABSTRACTJournalism theory in Russia, in the era of the traditional mass media of print press and analogue broadcasts, was the main conceptual framework for media studies. The digital transformation of mass media indicates journalism theory cannot be applied to the new phenomena. The diversity of designations of media science in Russia shows the evident lack of consensus among academia on this issue, which is also reflected in a system of scientific classifiers. Today it is difficult to establish media studies as a consolidated academic field in modern Russia. The paper attempts to analyze the position of media studies in the scientific classification system in Russia and in fundamental academic institutions. The authors raise questions about the scientific status of media studies in the general field of humanities. The paper employs the frequency analysis method in the context of terms, concepts and designations from the National Electronic Library, as well as the systematization and classification of data from documents of Russian scientific organizations obtained from open sources.

On physico-chemical biology in Russia from the perspective of studying the dynamics of an array of publications

The article presents an analysis of the current state of the Russian segment of publications on physical and chemical biology (PCB) in the international database Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) for the period 2000–2019. The main task of the study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in the arrays of Russian publications in the field of physical and chemical biology, including determining the average citation rate of publications; analysis of the impact of international cooperation on publication activity; identification of leaders at the level of research institutions and individual specialists. The study is based on a bibliometric analysis of publication arrays presented in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) database for the period 2000–2019. It is shown that after a period of decline in publication activity, starting in 2015, previously lost positions in the share of publications in the world array were restored in Russia. However, the citation of Russian publications lags significantly behind the performance of the of the main competitor countries. It is shown that Russian publications without foreign participation are cited 3–4 times less often than workswith foreign co-authorship. Throughout the entire study period, there was an increase in the number of co-authors in publications, as well as the share of publications made with the participation of five or more co-authors: by 2019, such publications accounted for almost 64%, in 2000 there were about 40% of such publications. It is shown that the main contribution to the Russian documentary stream on physical and chemical biology is made by the research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RI RAS) – 68% of publications and 67% of all citations. Research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences have a significant impact on the publication activity of universities: in the period 2012–2019. The share of joint publications of universities and research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences was 55% of the array of university documents and 62% of all citations to university publications. The article presents the ratings of Russian scientific organizations by the share of publications in the Russian array in the field of physicochemical biology, as well as scientists by the largest number of publications and the highest average citation.

Management of the Process of R & D Cost Formation in State Scientific and Educational Institutions

Management of the process of research and development cost formation (hereinafter — R & D) in Russian scientific organizations and institutions of higher education is an urgent task in an environment where budget funding for research is reduced, and the universities themselves are interested in increasing their revenues from fundamental, applied research and experimental development. In addition, the rating of educational institutions, their competitiveness in the market of intellectual services, including, depends on the number of successfully implemented together with business partners of innovative projects that are based on research and development, the number of commercialized results of intellectual activity (hereinafter-R&D) and concluded state contracts. Methods of algorithmization, modeling, calculation coefficients, expert estimates, determination of the initial (maximum) price of the contract have been used. Research result: Two models of research performance cost formation by the educational and scientific organizations are presented: 1) on the state task; 2) on other types of R&D. In the first case, the model is based on the allocated subsidy for the implementation of the state task, adjusted for the coefficient of labor intensity increase, which is calculated on the basis of the criteria of scientific, technical and consumer efficiency of research. The final labor intensity increase coefficient is a rating of the application of a particular creative team to perform research. In the second case, the fundamental element of value formation is the initial (maximum) price of the contract, which can be determined on the basis of cost, comparative or income approach, as well as (in the case of the state customer) by summing tax revenues to the budgets of all levels from the production and sale of high-tech products. The total value is defined as the minimum value of the contract prices calculated by different methods. The developed models of value formation can be used to build a methodology for determining the cost of R&D

Research assessment and evaluation in Russian fundamental science

The first round of evaluation of the effectiveness of academic institutions (research organizations of former State Academies of Sciences now subordinate to the Russian Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations) was conducted in 2017. This assessment was part of a national project to evaluate the performance of all Russian scientific organizations carrying out research, development and technological work. The authors participated in the adjustment of the methodology of the quantitative part of the assessment, the calculation of the indicators and the analysis of the results. The subject of this work is a review of the evolution of approaches to research assessment and evaluation in Russia in recent years, the analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the selected methods.

Theoretical Approaches to Studying Psychological Ensuring of Personnel Management in Scientific Organizations

Introduction. The paper addresses the issue of psychological ensuring of personnel management in Russian scientific organizations. For the first time, the types of scientific organizations in the Russian Federation are analyzed to account for their opportunities and limitations of employing existing international techniques for personnel management under the conditions of growing globalization and informatization in the field of research activities.
 Theoretical Basis. When choosing a theoretical approach for psychological ensuring of personnel management, it is important to take into consideration the type of scientific organization in terms of its research activities (theoretical/applied), form of financing (budget/commercial/mixed), and the place the research activities occupy among a researcher’s professional responsibilities (central/peripheral).
 Results. The study reviewed the following theories and theoretical models: the model of the peaks of a scientist’s creative productivity (G. J. Feist), the model of gift economy in the field of research activities (K. Vermeir), and various hybrid models. According to the study analyses, the concept of motivation for scientific activity (T. V. Razina) can be instrumental in assessing the role of ten types of motivational subsystems when carrying out research activities and developing the means of stimulating them. The study concentrates on the following theoretical models for establishing creative environments: (a) the dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation (I. Nonaka and colleagues) that is applicable for any organization and (b) the model of creative environments for the research process in academic circles or commercial research laboratories suggested by A. P. Wierzbicki and Y. Nakamori. The paper also analyses certain characteristics of virtual organizations that determine specific aspects of personnel management process and reflects on particular models for its implementation.
 Discussion. The theories and theoretical approaches to managing research teams, encompassed in the study were analyzed specifically in application to scientific organizations in Russia. The main obstacles for their ‘direct’ use there lie in ethnic, national, and specific cultural characteristics of Russian research facilities, limited use of information technology, and the lack of socio-economic and political stability in the country.
 Highlights
 
 Cultural and historical specificity, as well as the vast variety of types of scientific organizations in Russia, determine the need for the development and considerable modification of the existing methods and techniques for personnel management.
 Gradually establishing creative environments in Russian research teams that would take into their specific characteristics has a great potential for the practice of personnel management.
 Carrying out empirical studies on creative productivity – its peaks and the factors that determine them (e.g., age, academic degree) is important for psychological ensuring of personnel management in Russian scientific organizations.

Turbokon scientific and production implementation company—25 years of activity

The main results of studies performed at ZAO Turbokon NPVP in cooperation with leading Russian scientific organizations during 25 years of its activity in the field of development of unique ecologically clean electric power and heat production technologies are described. They include the development and experimental verification using prototypes and full-scale models of highly efficient air-cooled condensers for steam turbines, a high temperature gas steam turbine for stationary and transport power engineering, a nonfuel technology of electric power production using steam turbine installations with a unit power of 4–20 MW at gas-main pipelines and industrial boiler houses and heat stations. The results of efforts in the field of reducing vibroactivity of power equipment for transport installations are given. Basic directions of further research for increasing the efficiency and ecological safety of home power engineering are discussed.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR STATE RESEARCH CENTERS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND HOW TO IMPROVE IT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Ponte Academic JournalFeb 2016, Volume 72, Issue 2 GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR STATE RESEARCH CENTERS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND HOW TO IMPROVE IT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDYAuthor(s): Anna Maltseva ,Igor Monakhov, Igor VeselovJ. Ponte - Feb 2016 - Volume 72 - Issue 2 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.2.20 Abstract:This paper describes the acute problems of the development of the system of special-purpose organizations of applied science � State Research Centers of the Russian Federation (SRCs). It is direct and indirect government support that plays crucial role in the implementation by centers concerned of the core functions related to their R&D and innovation activities, expertise, etc. Government support, for its part, was possible due to the SRC�s special status as important elements of national research and development system. The authors set up hypotheses based on the results of the expert survey to outline the possible future directions in the development of system of benefits and preferences for SRCs. The hypotheses were tested using the techniques of mathematical statistics. The results showed the need to further stimulate the development of Russian scientific organizations, which had a special status approved by the state, by target competitive financing as a main tool. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

The system of Two-united Radiation-Ecological and Medical-Genetic Monitoring (REMGM) on Basis of the Preventi

The conception of the system REMGM is formulated in the report represented on the Annual Meeting of Society for Risk Analysis -Europe (SRA-E) in Stockholm in June,1997, on the First Meeting of Society for Risk Analysis of China-Japan (SRA-Japan) in 1998, jn the Annual Meetings in Europe and USA (Paris,1998$ USAAlabama, Arizona, New Mexico, 1999-2000). The systemic approach was used repeatedly and successfully on the contaminated areas from the nuclear ef- fluents near Semipalatinsk test area (Altai region), near the special group of the enterprises Mayak, in 30-km zone around Chernobylskaya NPP. For the follow- ing working o and for realization of the systemic approaching is proposed comuter program of the automatizad analysis of the chromosome aberrations - the markers of the radiation damages of the genome of the cells, connected with the state of health of man. The worked outby the authrs the fundamental scientific concep- tion of radionuclide-toxicogenic-genome is realized in the system REMGM. The possibility of its practical realization in the orders of the existing monitoring service in the EC countries on the basis of modern acting information network In- ternet is proposed (on analogy with the modern prognosis of the weather regularly reresented in the program Euronews. The following development of the system REMGM is oriented as on the zones of higher ecological risk in Russia, so and on the international collaboration with the interested forigh partners (Israel and the other countries EC).The intention to such collaboration expressed as Russian side (NPO Typhoon, Obninsk and the other Russian scientific organizations), so ane Israeli side.