Russian Relations Research Articles

Transformation of China’s Interests in the Arctic and Potential Areas for Cooperation with Russia in the Context of International Political Turbulence

This article examines China’s evolving role in the Arctic and the potential for Sino–Russian cooperation in the region. Recently, China has been increasingly assertive in its Arctic ambitions, engaging in partnerships and projects with various Arctic nations, including Russia. By identifying the main elements of China’s Arctic strategy—its priorities, goals and approaches—this study aims to shed light on how China seeks to expand its influence in this geopolitically significant area. Additionally, the article explores current trends in Sino–Russian relations, especially in light of the geopolitical changes and tensions that have arisen in the past two years. With a focus on sustainable development, it assesses how China and Russia might align their interests and collaborate in the Arctic. The research highlights the potential synergies between these two major international players, investigating how they could navigate shared interests, manage risks, and promote stability in the region amidst complex global challenges. By analyzing these dynamics, the article seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the strategic interplay between China and Russia in the Arctic.

Transformation of the currency regulation regime and foreign economic relations of Russia in the context of expanding anti-Russian sanctions

The article discusses the features of currency regulation and foreign economic relations of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) in the context of the introduction and growth of anti-Russian sanctions by the United States of America, European Union countries and other unfriendly countries, issues related to ensuring the sustainability of the Russian economy and its ability to withstand negative internal and external influences, issues of financial security, which is an important component of the country’s economic security, issues of the current state of the state’s banking system and the Russian economy as a whole. The article also discusses the possible expansion of international economic relations between Russia, China, North Korea and other countries. The purpose of the article is to identify directions for the transformation of the currency regulation regime and foreign economic relations of the RF in the context of the expansion of anti-Russian sanctions. The subject of the study is the currency and foreign economic relations of the RF with friendly and unfriendly countries in the current conditions of growing anti-Russian sanctions and the conduct of a special military operation in Ukraine. In conclusion, the article highlights key changes associated with changes in Russia’s foreign exchange and foreign economic activeities, promising opportunities for further expansion of international economic relations with China, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and other friendly countries.

Russian science of public relations: stages of formation, specifics, development formats

INTRODUCTION. Any social institution presupposes scientific reflection of its activities. The purpose of the study is to trace the history of the formation of Russian scientific knowledge about public relations (PRology) as a component of a social institution, to characterize various approaches to scientific reflection of PR activities; to identify its national specifics and to determine possible foresights.MATERIALS AND METHODS. General scientific methods of deduction and induction, synthesis and analysis were used. The rather small domestic literature on the theory and history of PR knowledge was studied and analyzed.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It is analyzed various points of view on the science of public relations – classifying, problematic and historical. The analysis of the development of the Russian theory of public relations is given and the main characteristics of the stages of formation of Russian knowledge about PR are revealed, which generally correspond to the periodization of public relations in Russia. In the last five years, monographs and dissertations on the theory of PR have not appeared, but a significant number of works on media communications indicate the vulgarization of scientific knowledge about public relations due to the lack of a single scientific view on the nature and specificity of media communications. The tasks of the current stage of development of scientific knowledge about PR are outlined: reflection of the state of the PR industry; creation and legitimization of a single professional glossary; registration and generalization of regional experience in the field of communications; comprehension of the experience of European public relations.CONCLUSION. Among the foresight directions, the following are named: characteristics of the “model” mechanism of scientific description of modern PR-activity on the example of the communication model of G. Lasswell, operationalization in the scientific continuum of the concepts of “communication product”, “communication technology”. The area of application of the research results may be issues of the history of communication disciplines. In the prospects of scientific research, problems of interdisciplinary interaction of communication disciplines and the advancement of foresight topics of scientific research, reflecting the reflection of practical activities in the field of integrated communications, may be identified.

Военная сила в международных отношениях как фактор безопасности и суверенитета России на современном этапе ее развития

The study presents an analysis of Russia's international relations at the present stage of development and their impact on the state of the military-political situation in regional strategic areas, which are of paramount importance for ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. The authors note that Russia aims to strengthen its contacts with Islamic countries in the context of international relations. It is observed that the Israel-Iran conflict has once again become a key factor in global politics. The features of the negotiation processes, the role and place of Russia in them are revealed. The desire to resolve the Ukrainian crisis, which severely affects the global economy and its major players, remains pronounced. According to the results of the analysis, negative trends have been identified that require the elimination of factors at the international level at the current stage of development, influencing which, it is necessary to stabilize the aggravated contradictions taking into account new threats. The identified threats will ensure strategic stability to confront the collective West, contributing to the construction, functioning and development of the national security system. Proposals are being made on new approaches to solving the negotiation process and the need for a set of legal support measures, as well as the use of existing potential.

Analysis of foreign economic relations of Russia’s new regions in 2022 – 2024

The problem of the article lies in the fact that, on the one hand, the economy of Russia’s new territories has suffered from military operations and cannot produce enough products for export, and on the other hand, it has significant potential. The DPR and the LPR, where the Donetsk coal basin is located, are considered the most promising regions. The author states that in order to overcome economic difficulties in the new regions of Russia, it is necessary to actively integrate their economies into the world markets. The author of the article concludes that the new regions of Russia have clear comparative advantages in heavy industry and agriculture. Strengthening foreign economic relations will allow attracting investments to the region, contributing to the further restoration of the infrastructure and economy of the territories under consideration.

The principle of the budgetary system unity amid implementation of regional budget independence: A case study of the Chechen Republic

Aim. To identify the ways to improve the observance of the principle of unity in the process of formation of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation (RF) on the basis of the analysis of the revenue part of the regional budget of the Chechen Republic.Objectives. To identify problems related to the observance of the principle of unity in the process of forming the budget system of the Russian Federation; to reveal the problem of the socalled chronic income insufficiency in regional and local budgets; to provide evidence of the effectiveness or inefficiency of the current mechanism of inter-institutional financial relations in Russia on the example of the Chechen Republic.Methodology. In the course of the research, the authors used general scientific methods and a number of special ones, including statistical and economic analysis, economic-mathematical and abstract-logical methods, as well as the method of graphical representation of information.Results. The idea is substantiated that the principle of independence of regional budgets should not contradict the principle of unity of the country’s budget system. It is proposed to develop a budget financing mechanism that takes into account not only the difference in providing the region with financial resources for independent development, but also the opportunity to give the funds allocated from the state budget an investment character.Conclusions. The article defines the directions for improving the mechanism while respecting the principle of unity in the process of forming the budget system of the Russian Federation. The country’s budget system should become one of the main sources of investment in the economy of the country and regions.

Transformation of Social and Labour Relations in Russia in Digitalization Times

Transformation of Social and Labour Relations in Russia in Digitalization Times

Проблемы трансформации госорганов, участвующих в кадастровых отношениях и пути их решения

The article examines the process of transformation of state bodies involved in cadastral relations in Russia. The main problems arising during this transformation are analyzed and ways to solve them are proposed. Special attention is paid to the issues of improving the efficiency of cadastral authorities in the context of the regional economy. Measures are proposed to improve the organizational structure and functionality of these bodies. The prospects for the introduction of innovative technologies in the field of cadastral registration and registration of real estate rights are considered. The necessity of an integrated approach to the reform of the public administration system in the field of land and property relations is substantiated.

Labour Relations and Modes of Production under Russia's Institutional Development

The article contributes to a discussion on the taxonomy of labour relations and its relationships with modes of production in the paradigm of post-Marxian historical institutionalism in the tradition by D.C. North and R.M. Nureev. From this perspective the author provides an outline of the concept of labour relations in Russia/ USSR, with the focus on transition processes. The author traces the transitions from kin-ordered and tributary slavery to serfdom, from tributary and commodified serfdom to wage commodified labour, then to tributary and commodified labour under socialism. The outline is based primarily on the quantitative and qualitative evidence from the previous research literature. From the cross-country comparative perspective the author highlights that the cases of slavery during the early modern capitalism, inherited by the Antebellum Southern United States during the Industrial Revolution, as well as mass use of penall abour during the Soviet industrialization effort, moderately replicated in the pre-reform China, demonstrate resumption of institutions of forced labour on the path to modern economy and society. The evidence indicates that this is associated with the processes of military modernization and expansion of the war economy. In its turn, the weakening of the military threat created the possibility of commodified labour relations development. From this perspective, the trend towards expanding their share was formed in the USSR in the 1950s, and Russia’s transition to market relations in the late 1980s – 1990s appeared to be a new stage in the development of this process.

Correlation between the Methods of Legal Regulation in the Political Party Legislation of Russia

The legal methods for regulating political party relations in Russia were analyzed using formal logical, systematic, institutional, and hermeneutic approaches. The Russian constitutional law employs the mixed method, which underpins the constitutionalization of political parties. In contrast, the prevailing imperative method emphasizes the administrative and legal foundations of the standards that define the rights and obligations of political parties. In turn, the interplay of the imperative and mixed methods in the Russian political party law has resulted in covert obligations for political parties, which are also their subjective rights. However, not all rights of political parties align with the concept of subjective rights as developed in constitutional and legal doctrine. The results obtained suggest that the current constitutional legislation in Russia is abstract, impeding a clear understanding of the rights and obligations of political parties. By exploring the doctrinal approaches, the strategies for recognizing the methods of legal regulation were singled out, depending on the interests protected by the analyzed legal standards. Thus, the specific methods of private and public law were identified, which, with the institution of political parties as an example, explain the complex nature of most legal standards. Taken together, these standards outline a complex variety of legal means to influence political party relations. Therefore, being crosssectoral, the political party standards facilitate the resolution of conflicts in law enforcement that arise in constitutional, party, electoral, and administrative legislation.

Why will China and Russia not form an alliance? The balance of beliefs in peacetime

Abstract The ongoing war in Ukraine has thrust China–Russia relations into the global spotlight, with both nations asserting their stance against forming a military alliance. This article introduces a novel ‘balance-of-beliefs’ framework, positing that the foundation of peacetime alliances lies in leaders' shared beliefs. Using operational code analysis, this study quantifies the philosophical and instrumental beliefs of leaders from the United States (Barack Obama), Australia (Tony Abbott), China (Xi Jinping) and Russia (Vladimir Putin) between 2013 and 2015, and includes additional comparison between Putin and Xi between 2016 and 2022. This research examines the essential role of aligned world-views on ‘the nature of the political universe’ (which we label a P-1 belief) and ‘the strategic approach to achieving political objectives’ (an I-1 belief). The findings reveal that such congruence is crucial for fostering like-minded alliances in peacetime, as evidenced by the US–Australia alliance. In contrast, the divergent P-1 beliefs of Xi and Putin hinder a Sino-Russian military alliance; yet, their aligned I-1 beliefs facilitate pragmatic cooperation on specific issues. This analysis underscores the need for US and European policy-makers to devise nuanced strategies in response to the evolving dynamics of a rising China and a resurgent Russia.

The Role of Public Relations in an Illiberal State: The Case of Russia

Drawing upon in-depth interviews with seasoned public relations practitioners, this study suggests that the field of public relations in Russia has gradually transformed over the last 30 years from being relatively independent to being largely subordinated to political and business elites. Failure to sustain the role of public relations as a driver of democratization has coincided with the overall decline of democratic institutions in the country. Current practices in the field primarily focus on promoting government and business interests and lack a systemic approach to developing relations with citizens to address social problems. This study, which focuses on the Russian context, contributes to the body of literature on business communications and international public relations by analyzing how a country’s sociopolitical and economic context can influence transformations within the field of public relations; in this case, evolving from being relatively independent to becoming subordinate to political and business elites.

The Russian economic policy and its relations with China and India in the aftermath of Western sanctions (2014 - 2023)

The article delves into Russia's economic strategy in response to financial sanctions imposed by the West from 2014 to 2023, analyzing its monetary policies and capital controls. Additionally, it examines Russia's financial relations with China and India, highlighting how these nations became key allies following the sanctions due to the annexation of Crimea and the invasion of Ukraine. The article investigates the nature of the alliance formed by Russia and China highlighting the symbiosis generated at the core of this relationship and the importance of India in playing a strategic role in the economic network woven by Russia.

Russia’s war on Ukraine: unbottled emotions and the conditioning of the EU’s Russia policy

ABSTRACT This article explores those emotions conditioning the EU’s response to Russia’s 24 February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. We argue that the invasion resulted in an unbottling of some member states’ previously pent-up emotions, impacting the range of policy responses available to the EU in its Russia relations. We examine this unbottling to understand what this means for EU foreign policy, generally, and the EU’s Russia policy. We focus on anger and fear as identifiable emotions in the EU response to Russia’s norm violations in Ukraine; and on sympathy and solidarity as corresponding emotions directed towards Ukraine. Exploration of Eurobarometer surveys and European Parliamentary debates in the 2022–2024 period allows us to identify different intensity of feelings towards Russia, resulting from unequal exposure to Russia’s past and present aggression. Managing these competing emotions offers a complex challenge for the EU when decisions are made regarding its potential constitutional and institutional transformation.

Russia's Leadership in Eurasia: Holding Together or Falling Apart?

Abstracts The Russo–Ukraine War raises important questions on the dynamics of regional leadership and followership in what may be termed “Russian-led Eurasia.” These questions, in particular, the strength of Russian leadership in the region is complicated by the ambiguity in existing literature and competing images of Russia's relations with long-standing allies—notably Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan—which are often portrayed in terms of a “community of fate” or partners destined for closer integration but also as a “community of fortune” or ad hoc, situational partners, loosely centered on Russia. This article offers an innovative theoretical and methodological exploration of Russia's relations with regional partner states by utilizing the English School of International Relations and regional integration organizations to assess Russia's regional leadership. As argued in this article, Russian-led Eurasia may be understood as an example of a regional interstate society with Russian hegemony serving as a socially conferred, binding institution. But this hegemony is inherently unstable owing to Russia's inability to balance hegemonic “rights” with “responsibilities.” War in Ukraine did not create this problem, but it has created the conditions for leadership transition in the region.

Федерализм в свете отечественной судебной конституционной доктрины

The article examines the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the field of federal relations, since the judicial constitutional doctrine is of great importance in creating today’s model of federalism in Russia, which at each specific historical stage of the development of federal relations, adapting to legal, socio-economic and life realities, undoubtedly contributed to overcoming legal problems arising in the relations of the center and regions.The principles formulated by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the field of federal relations in Russia are also highlighted.

Non-financial asset valuation at higher education institutions: The theoretical and practical aspects

Subject. This article focuses on the issues of initial and subsequent valuation of non-financial assets at Russian higher education institutions. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the provisions of the accounting policy of educational institutions for higher education in relation to the valuation of non-financial assets, compare them with the Federal Accounting Standards, identify problematic aspects, and determine the areas for their solution. Methods. The regulations on the accounting policy of twenty six higher education institutions of Russia in relation to the valuation of non-financial assets are the basis of the study. For the study, I used observation, comparison, generalization, and interpretation. Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the composition of costs incurred by institutions in the process of creating an object of fixed assets. It also offers recommendations on the inclusion of interest expenses on long-term liabilities in the initial cost of non-financial assets during their construction (creation) using own resources and options for assessing the value of replaced (disposed) parts of fixed assets, and a methodology for their calculation. A list of expenses included in determining the initial cost of intangible assets created by higher education institutions on their own is also presented. Conclusions. To improve the accounting of transactions for the acquisition and creation of fixed assets, it is advisable to establish the procedure for allocating the costs of delivery of several fixed assets in the accounting policy of educational organizations, determine the methods of attributing additional borrowing costs, as well as establish the criterion for the materiality of such expenses. It is concluded that higher education institutions should have a unified methodology for accounting costs when carrying out regular scheduled overhauls, technical inspections and maintenance of fixed assets.

Russia and the United States as Constitutive Others in the National Identity Discourses

This article explores the imagological foundations of the ongoing confrontation between the United States and Russia. Utilizing a historiographical review of US–Russia relations and the author’s extensive research, it employs a constructivist approach to examine the enduring patterns in their mutual representations. The analysis uncovers the cyclical nature of these perceptions, swinging between value-driven and pragmatic narratives. It suggests that throughout history, the US and Russia have consistently served as each other’s “constitutive Other” within their identity discourses. This involves the creation of meaning repertoires that align with their domestic and foreign policy goals. Moreover, the article argues that the current confrontation mirrors a clash between their respective value systems and messianic ambitions. This dynamic contributes to the development of a new kind of imagined reality, reinforcing the enduring dichotomous worldview that defines the relationship between the two nations.

On the question of fixing the national-language composition of the population in the All-Russian population census 2020–2021

The article carries out a critical analysis of the quality of the results of the questions of the 2020–2021 Russian population census on nationality, native language, knowledge of Russian and other languages, and language use. The study reveals the uneven distribution of “non-answers” by regions, between urban and rural areas, and age groups. The interpretation of the published census results is hampered by the quality of answers, lack of distinction between non-answers and negative answers to questions, and questionable grouping of nationalities and languages. Therefore, it is not possible to use the results of Russian language proficiency and knowledge of other languages in several of Russia’s federal subjects. The situation is aggravated by a sharp increase in the number of non-responses to the questions on nationality and language in the 2020–2021 census compared to the previous censuses. This hinders the analysis of these questions of the 2020–2021 census and the understanding of the dynamics of national and language processes in Russia using census statistics. The article reveals foreign experiences of conducting censuses and statistical survey of the national and linguistic sphere. Many countries resort to various methods (including the use of surveys as a source of census), ways of assessing national, cultural affiliation, knowledge and proficiency of languages, ensuring the efficiency of fieldwork, and evaluating the quality of census data. They pay more attention to the methodological support of the national and language block of the census. The authors call for a balanced use of the results of the national and language issues of the 2020– 2021 Russian population census in research work and in decision-making in the government national policy, since national and language relations in Russia are very sensitive for the country’s numerous ethnic communities.

“Общество” как государственное установление. Социально-исторические аспекты российской государственной власти в XVIII веке

In 1966, Dietrich Geyer published an article on the subject of state-society relations in eighteenth-century Russia, which appeared again in 1975 in an updated form. Geyer placed Catherine II’s reform policy in a European context and asked about the policy of absolute monarchies towards corporative structures and the conditions for the development of civil societies. In the Russian case, Catherine II created “societies” in the form of noble and urban corporations in order to expand provincial administration. According to Geyer’s thesis, both the statist origins of these corporate estates and the connection between noble societies and provincial administration hindered the emergence of a dualism between state and society in Russian history.