Russian Platforms Research Articles

Этническое мифотворчество в киберпространстве как фактор репрезентации этничности чувашей

The article is devoted to the study of Chuvash ethnic myth-making in cyberspace. The aim of the work is to determine its role as one of the factors of ethnicity representation. The study is based on the analysis of the relevant content presented on popular web platforms and social networks YouTube, Rutube, Zen, VKontakte, Odnoklassniki. The study identifies a certain section of content offered by search algorithms as the most viewed and included in thematic collections and playlists. The author examines the myth-making components of the Internet space, characterizes formats and plots, identifies their authors, and studies the audience's reaction to the content. Data analysis showed that ethnic myth-making has a positive effect on the representation of the Chuvash culture. Despite some inaccuracies in the information, such material generally evokes positive emotions in users. Information in video and text format is published on popular Russian platforms, making ethno-myth-creating content accessible to a wide audience. The myths created by the authors reflect their desire to show the antiquity and significance of the Chuvash people, which helps the Chuvash people to understand their identity, place and role in the world. Ethno-myth-creating content on the Internet increases interest in the Chuvash culture, promoting its popularization and representation.

MOOC in physics as an additional resource for the fundamental training of would-be engineers

Physics is one of the key disciplines stipulated by the curricular of engineering majors. Despite a sufficient amount of academic hours dedicated to this discipline at schools and universities, it is necessary to expand the opportunities for applying additional learning tools, autonomous studies of the most important areas of physics. One of such tools is mass open online courses (MOOCs). The article analyzes open online courses in physics provided by foreign (Coursera and EdX) and Russian (Open Education and Stepik) platforms. The criteria for analysis were the courses duration, the required level of training, the scope and content, as well as the features of pedagogical design of the courses. The demand for courses (number of learners), the universities developing them and the language of teaching were also taken into account.

Covid-19 for Crowdfunding: Catalyst or Deterrent? Evidence from Russia

This paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crowdfunding by analyzing a 2-year sample of 7,024 rewards-based crowdfunding campaigns on the two major Russian platforms. The study employs a digital methods approach to demand and supply and multiple regression analysis. The findings show that COVID-19 and the associated lockdown had no immediate and straightforward effect on the crowdfunding sector, neither on backers nor on campaigns’ initiators. Thus, the crowdfunding sector unlike some other investment classes remains resilient to the global pandemic. Beyond that, empirical analysis revealed the undescribed phenomenon of sponsors’ readiness to finance projects being highly seasonal and depending on the month in which the project starts. The nearer to year end, the more backers are willing to put into crowdfunding projects

Assessment of the effectiveness of management of innovative development institutions at the meso level

The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the management of technological platforms, in particular, in the light and textile industries, and to evaluate the effectiveness of innovation development institutions' functioning at the meso level. The methodological basis of the study was modern scientific approaches to aevaluating the effectiveness of innovation development institutions' functioning, evaluating the effectiveness of technology platform management systems: descriptions, structural-functional and system analysis, cause-and-effect relationships, cluster and factor analysis. To achieve this goal, a simulation of evaluating the effectiveness of technological platforms has been carried out, because of which 3 types of Russian platforms were revealed, the management of the development of which requires a differentiated approach. Since the technological platform “Textile and Light Industry” occupies a leading position in the rating of Russian technological platforms, the industry development's dynamics, allowing to evaluate the impact of communication platform functioning on Russian industrial complex development, was studied. To assess the effectiveness, it was planned to form a comprehensive indicator of of light industry development based on the results of factor analysis (by the method of principal components). It has concluded that the creation and development of a technological digital environment contribute to the effective interaction between various sectors of the economy and market entities, which is based on regulatory and legal regulation, ensuring information security, developing innovative infrastructure, providing highly qualified personnel in the industry.

Базовое численное моделирование для реализации мероприятий по улучшению экологической обстановки на объектах

The problems of the ecological situation in the Central Chernozem region at technosphere objects of strategic importance are consired. As a specific object, AO "Lebedinsky GOK" which is a favorite for the extraction of iron ore on Russian and world trading platforms. Effective industrial general technical preventive measures are recommended, focused on reducing the emission of dust particles during serial blasting of iron-containing rocks at a specific facility. The most effective preventive measures to minimize the concentration of dust and gases are considered. The application of the method of controlling the wetting and sticking of dust particles is shown. It is based on the use of solutions of surfactants (surfactants). An anionactive surfactant based on triethanolamine salts is recommended. The concentration of the surfactant is selected according to the value of the surface tension of the solution.

Experience of organizing a unified information space of an educational organization during a pandemic

The article discusses the capabilities of the 1C:Education platform for creating a unified information environment for educational organization during a pandemic and for distance learning. A comparative analysis of the capabilities of various Russian platforms for distance learning is carried out. The experience of the school’s work in a distance mode using the 1C:Education platform is summarized.Attention is focused on the use in the educational space of the school of methodological, organizational and technological means of support of pedagogical activity in a distance mode, developed on the basis of solutions of the 1C company.The views on the organization of electronic distance learning and support of the system of continuous educational process using the 1C:Education platform are presented.The distance learning platform 1C:Education can be used by educational organizations as a basis for designing, monitoring and modernizing their own educational environments, in which priority is given to the development of a socially adapted, competitive personality with intellectual potential, able to apply knowledge in practical activities for the benefit of society based on cultural, moral and civic values.

Work within the COVID-19 pandemic — the experience of the biobank of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology

Aim. To present the main results and changes in the work of the biobank of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods. The paper presents a dynamic analysis of the delivery of fresh frozen biological samples from operated patients for three quarters of 2019 and 2020, as well as considers possible ways to implement research projects to collect and deposit materials for the biobank within the COVID-19 pandemic. The work included persons over 18 years old, with primary gastrointestinal cancers, who, upon hospitalization, gave informed consent to transfer biological material tothe biobank. One of the inclusion criteria was the presence of a negative nasopharyngeal swabs tested for SARS-CoV-2 by the polymerase chain reaction. Data calculation and comparative analysis of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel software package.Results. It was revealed that in the first quarter of 2019, 34% of biological samples were received from the total amount for the year, while in 2020 — 50%; in the second quarter of 2019 — 35%. The second quarter of 2020 was characterized by change in the schedule of work of institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a 56% decrease in the number of samples compared to the same period in 2019 and amounted to 14% of material collected for the three quarters of2020. In the third quarter of 2020, the flow was restored and amounted to 65 patients, which corresponds to 36% of material collected in this year and is more than in 2019 by 23%.Conclusion. a critical decrease in the deposited material in the second quarter of 2020 indicated the need to adapt the current biobanking rules inRussia in general and the studied biobank in particular. Possible adaptation ways may consist in the creation of joint projects between groups of scientists from different organizations, taking into account the requirements of information and biological safety. This problem and ways to solve it were widely discussed at international and Russian platforms, including the 4th meeting of the National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists, dedicated to the organization of biobanking during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Digitalization of Local Government in a Big City: Tools, Barriers and Strategies

The purpose of this article is to identify barriers to the implementation of digitalization of local (municipal) government in a large city through an analysis of digitalization tools and strategies. In order to answer this question, an analysis of the e-government and digitialization of municipal governance frameworks in particular was conducted. The theory of diffusion of innovation and the concept of e-government (e-governance and local e-governance) formed the theoretical basis of the study. The empirical base of the research was formed by foreign and Russian platforms used in municipal governance: «Fix My Street», «Creative Citizens», «coUrbanize», «Urban Interactive Studio», «CityPlanner», «Commonplace», «Sticky World», «Crowdgauge», «Твой бюджет», «Наш Санкт-Петербург». Qualitative analysis of digital and text data was used as a method. The experience of implementation of digitization tools at local level of power in different countries was also analyzed. The conclusions made in this work are applicable to large cities and are mainly focused on the Russian Federation. The application of e-governance principles has three components: information transfer in the digital space, transactions and communication in it. If implemented correctly and gradually in a municipal administration, digitalization can increase citizen involvement and trust in government. Nevertheless, the characteristics of municipal government should not be underestimated before digital technologies are used. In many large cities, an established system of local government should be implemented before digitalization. When developing a strategy for implementation of digital technologies, it is important to understand the model of habitual behavior of residents of a given municipal entity, because a universal approach does not always yield positive results. The main barriers to digitalization include: the need for continuous improvement of security systems and methods of storage and processing of citizens’ data using cloud technologies, including the development of appropriate strategies and government programs, the need to adapt the various tools of digitalization to the requirements and capabilities of the local community, the difficulty in assessing citizens’ demand for certain electronic resources, the need for related training activities for both citizens and municipal employees themselves; the need to engage independent experts from different fields to ensure the relevance and effectiveness of municipalities’ electronic portals and platforms.

Краудфандинг как инновационный метод финансирования бизнес-проектов

The article discusses one of the newest ways to finance business projects — crowdfunding. The opinions of scientists on the essence of this concept are generalized. Particular attention is paid to various types of crowdfunding. The objectives of crowdfunding participants are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of crowdfunding, as a method of financing projects, are highlighted, the main difficulties of the development of the crowdfunding market in Russia are identified. In particular, the necessity of improving the regulatory framework and legal regulation of crowdfunding is shown. The features of government regulation of the crowdfunding market in the USA and the UK are investigated. The rules for the effective development and functioning of crowdfunding domestic and foreign systems, as well as the rules of behavior of project initiators for the effective attraction of investments are generalized. A comparative analysis of the main Russian and foreign crowdfunding platforms is done. Statistics on the activities of the largest crowdfunding venues are presented. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects and trends of crowdfunding in Russia.

Participants’ interaction with sharing economy platforms in Russia

PurposeThe objective of this contribution is to pinpoint the practices of users' interactions with sharing economy platforms in Russia, as well as explore the source of motivation to use such platforms on the three cases of sharing economy platforms in Russia: Darudar [Gift-to-gift] (sharing goods), Bank Vremeny [Timebank] (sharing time and services) and Couchsurfing (sharing accommodation and leisure).Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data were gathered from 25 in-depth interviews conducted for active users of the platforms and ethnographic observations of users' offline meetings as well as digital observations.FindingsThe results reveal that participants of the platforms tend to establish their own rules and norms of interaction, thus, fostering social connection. Findings suggest that users of sharing economy platforms are driven by the potential of minimising transaction costs and intrinsic motivation, such as getting experiences which have no market alternatives, upcycling and disposal of belongings, self-promotion and self-realisation.Original/valueIn this study, sharing as based in the sharing economy is conceptualised as a separate principle of resource allocation. The theory was applied to the empirical material of three Russian platforms, which has not been done previously in the paradigm of sharing. The current literature on the sharing economy is largely switched to the for-profit North American platforms, while case studies from other settings are lacking. This article aims to fill this gap by providing insights into non-profit platforms' operation in Russia.

Transboundary trade of goods over the Internet: taxation problems and possible vectors of their solution

The subject of this research is the analysis of possible ways of regulating taxation of transboundary e-commerce. The article contains the description of relevant problems in taxation of transboundary trade of goods over the Internet, the share of which in the overall goods trade continues to grow. Alongside Russian platforms of e-commerce, attention of many Russian shoppers is captured by foreign online platforms, offering delivery to Russia without taxation from the Russian side. The question of developing an efficient and fair mechanism of taxation of e-commerce in Russia remains a hot topic. In theory and practice, resolution of these issues is still being explored, but a universal approach is yet to be developed. The article pays great attention to the OECD initiatives pertaining to solution of taxation problems of transboundary e-commerce, and analyzes the main characteristics of each of the proposed strategies for regulation of taxation of transboundary e-commerce. The scientific novelty of this work consists in formulation of the initiative to involve the digital platforms that provide e-commerce into the process of taxation with placement upon them of full or partial burden to adhere to tax obligations in the jurisdiction of taxation.

Assessment and improvement of the Moscow residential real estate market's environmental friendliness by sharing economy principles

Sharing economy platforms transform traditional production and consumption systems in cities around the world. While the sharing economy aims to increase the resilience of different economic systems, its actual economic, social, and environmental effects remain under-researched. During the pandemic of Covid-19, economic and environmental crises, and growing uncertainty, it becomes essential to promote sustainable and promising forms of shared (distributed) resources. Ways to benefit from the sharing economy's advantages, despite the significant number of Russian and foreign publications, are still poorly understood. At present, it is crucial to explore the roles, perspectives, and effects of both resource owners and users and Russian interaction platforms. Let us look at this sharing economy's development aspect on the example of the Moscow real estate market, taking into account the environmental impact of the large-scale housing renovation program. There have been identified some digital environmental IT platforms aimed at improving the efficiency of transfer and use of information resources (the main principle of sharing – to improve the efficiency of resources and information, in this case - environmental) on the environmental situation in Moscow and the region to inform the public about the opportunities and the primary environmental risks in housing purchase or construction.

REMOTE WORK: TECHNOLOGIES AND EXPERIENCE OF THE ORGANIZATION

The types of remote employment (distance work and freelance) have been considered. Directions of use of modern information technologies at the organization of remote employment have been indicated and their developed characteristic has been given. The activity of freelancers has been described in detail. The mechanisms of functioning of international online labor exchanges and Russian platforms have been revealed. The results of a study on the practice of remote work in modern domestic organizations have been adduced. According to the results of the study, conclusions have been made about the areas of remote employment, its advantages and disadvantages for the organization and employees; about the software and hardware used by employers; about the problems of regulatory regulation of remote employment; about the competencies of remote workers and freelancers.

New Instruments for Financing Small and Medium Enterprises in Russia: Crowdinvesting

Access to financing is a fundamental factor determining growth opportunities for small and medium enterprises. Along with the state forms of support for the subjects of this business segment, as well as traditional banking products, private investment mechanisms are being developed through the establishment and extension of crowdinvesting platforms. They imply involving funds of population as the most important market agent. The aim of the article is to reveal the key importance of the institutional development of the crowdfunding and crowdinvesting market as a modern tool for supporting small and medium enterprises, reproduction of people’s personal savings and incomes of professional investors. The following scientific methods and approaches were used in the study: observation, comparison, analogies, analysis, synthesis, method of expert assessments, system and structured approach. The authors’ definition of crowdinvesting is given. Three fundamental features of crowdinvesting are defined: collective microfinancing of a project from an alternative set of startups, an intermediate agent in the form of a remote platform, financial retribution. To prove the development of the world and domestic crowdinvesting market, its condition and the performance indicators of well-known crowdinvesting companies are characterized in dynamics. The authors revealed the key advantages of crowdinvesting, factors stimulating of its volume growth in Russia, as well as risks, mainly associated with insufficient regulation of the new and fast-growing institutional mechanism of crowdinvesting. The important perspective of crowdinvesting as an instrument of project financing in Russia is highlighted on the example of specific scopes for investment, multifunctional services of Russian platforms, expanding pool of investors, new financial and technological methods of exchange and support. The study allowed identifying a number of key areas for crowdinvesting development in Russia. The work mainstreams: building an effective regulation system for crowdinvesting platforms, including through developing self-regulation tools, a co-financing program for crowdinvesting projects from development institutions, the work of the regulatory sandbox, legislative consolidation and support for implementing new types of information and economic interaction on crowdinvesting platforms (not only B 2B, P2B, but also G2B, B 2G).

The deep structures of the junction of the Urals with the Russian and West Siberian Platforms

A new model of the junction of the Ural fold belt with the Russian and West Siberian Platforms along the Europrobe Seismic Reflection profiling in the Urals (ESRU) down to a depth of 15 km is constructed. 2Dmodeling of the density and magnetic properties was performed using seven profiles and was accompanied by an estimate of applicability of the method. In the west, the upper part of the model is represented by terrigeneous- carbonate deposits, and the bottom part shows the structures of the basement of the Russian platform, which becomes thinner eastward and plunges beneath the Ural structures. The most significant difference in the West Siberian part of the transect is the great “length” of the entire structure of the Earth’s crust. This is caused by the Early Triassic extension accompanied by the formation of a system of Triassic graben-rifts.

МООК для подготовки управленческих кадров: Проблемы и перспективы.

The article deals with the issues of open resources developments in the frames of training of professional managers in educational sphere. The possibilities
 of MOOC prospects as distant learning technology for adult further education are studied. Existing foreign and Russian open courses and platforms are
 analyzed and their characteristics are given.

Technology platforms in Russia: a catalyst for connecting government, science, and business?

The article analyzes a new instrument of Russian innovation policy - technology platforms. The reasons for their establishment are outlined based on the analysis of the innovation system in Russia. Comparisons with the European Union technology platforms, which served as blueprints for developing similar structures in Russia, are provided. Russian platforms are found to suffer from the government micromanagement. More detailed analysis is provided through three case studies of selected technology platforms specializing in different representative economic areas. The results of these studies demonstrate that Russian technology platforms are still far from being effective communication instruments. The platforms received inadequate federal support at the initial stages of their development, which eventually affected their performance. Nevertheless, the first steps have been undertaken to create expert communities in important economic areas. The article suggests directions for further development of technology platforms, such as expanding a palette of stakeholders and conducting two-way monitoring - both of platforms' performance and government measures aimed at their development. JEL classification:O31, O32, O38.

Correlation of eustatic and biotic events in the Ordovician paleobasins of the Siberian and Russian platforms

Nine sedimentary sequences are recognized in the Ordovician of the Siberian Platform. These sequences correspond to sea level fluctuations of the 3rd order, from 1 to 6 My. Correlation with the sequences recognized in the Ordovician of the Russian Platform suggest their possible eustatic nature. Cold water nontropical carbonates are suggested in the Ordovician of the Tungus Syneclise, which may be explained by the upwelling of cold oceanic waters. The upwelling was caused by re-distribution of oceanic currents due to largescale tectonic events in the mid-Ordovician. The Ordovician evolution of the Siberian Platform was much more similar to that of the North American Platform than of the Russian Platform.

Geodynamic setting of recent volcanism in North Eurasia

A GIS layout of the map of recent volcanism in North Eurasia is used to estimate the geodynamic setting of this volcanism. The fields of recent volcanic activity surround the Russian and Siberian platforms—the largest ancient tectonic blocks of Eurasia—from the arctic part of North Eurasia to the Russian Northeast and Far East and then via Central Asia to the Caucasus and West Europe. Asymmetry in the spatial distribution of recent volcanics of North Eurasia is emphasized by compositional variations and corresponding geodynamic settings. Recent volcanic rocks in the arctic part of North Eurasia comprise the within-plate alkaline and subalkaline basic rocks on the islands of the Arctic Ocean and tholeiitic basalts of the mid-ocean Gakkel Ridge. The southern, eastern, and western volcanic fields are characterized by a combination of within-plate alkaline and subalkaline basic rocks, including carbonatites in Afghanistan, and island-arc or collision basalt-andesite-rhyolite associations. The spatial distribution of recent volcanism is controlled by the thermal state of the mantle beneath North Eurasia. The enormous mass of the oceanic lithosphere was subducted during the formation of the Pangea supercontinent primarily beneath Eurasia (cold superplume) and cooled its mantle, having retained the North Pangea supercontinent almost unchanged for 200 Ma. Volcanic activity was related to the development of various shallow-seated geodynamic settings and deep-seated within-plate processes. Within-plate volcanism in eastern and southern North Eurasia is controlled, as a rule, by upper mantle plumes, which appeared in zones of convergence of lithospheric plates in connection with ascending hot flows compensating submergence of cold lithospheric slabs. After the breakdown of Pangea, which affected the northern hemisphere of the Earth insignificantly, marine basins with oceanic crust started to form in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic in response to the subsequent breakdown of the supercontinent in the northern hemisphere. In our opinion, the young Arctic Ocean that arose before the growth of the Gakkel Ridge and, probably, the oceanic portion of the Amerasia Basin should be regarded as a typical intracontinental basin within the supercontinent [48]. Most likely, this basin was formed under the effect of mantle plumes in the course of their propagation (expansion, after Yu.M. Pushcharovsky) to the north of the Central Atlantic, including an inferred plume of the North Pole (HALIP).

Possible organisms similar to Ediacaran forms from the Bhander Group, Vindhyan Supergroup, Late Neoproterozoic of India

Fossil Medusoid genera resembling Ediacaria ( Sprigg 1947) and Hiemalora ( Fedonkin 1982) and having distinctive Ediacaran affinity have been discovered in a shale horizon occurring at the base of the Bhander Group, the uppermost unit of the Vindhyan Supergroup of central India. This is the first record of unequivocal occurrence of Ediacara-like fossils in a Proterozoic basin of the Peninsular India. This finding substantially extends the previously known biogeographic range of the Ediacaran elements to Peninsular India and further enhances their biostratigraphpic potential for correlation of the upper Vindhyans with some Ediacaran horizons of Canada, Australia, South Africa and Russian Platforms. With this extension, the representatives of the genus Ediacaria can be regarded as having a global distribution in places now occupying both lower and higher latitudes. The genus Hiemalora, which appeared to be endemic to the Russian block, also has wide biogeographic coverage. These fossils assign an Ediacaran (550–543 Ma) age for the host Lakheri Limestone and suggest that the Lakheri unit was deposited within 6 million years of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. They also support and refine the traditional view of the Late Neoproterozoic age for the lower Bhander Group. These fossils provide positive stratigraphic clues for locating the Precambiran–Cambrian boundary strata in the overlying Lakheri–Sirbu segment of the Vindhyan sequence. They also indicate a depositional environment typical of a muddy shallow shelf setting above storm wave-base.