Part Of Russia Research Articles

Russian and Serbian Punctuation of the 21st Century: An Attempt at Comparative Description

Purpose. The authors conducted a comparative study of the general statistical characteristics of modern Russian and Serbian punctuation practice using the material of Internet texts from the early 20s of the 21st century.Results. The authors analyzed three important characteristics of punctuation practice: the composition and frequency of punctuation situations, the lexical indicators of syntactic relations used (conjunctions, particles, introductory words, etc.), and the occurrence of punctuation marks. The Russian and Serbian parts of the sample are balanced in terms of the number of uses of punctuation marks and in terms of their focus/lack of focus on compliance with the norm on the Internet platforms provided to the authors of the texts. The comparative study revealed similarities and differences in all analyzed parameters.Conclusion. It was found that the high degree of similarity of the main indicators caused by the kinship and typological similarity of the languages is combined with obvious differences, including different occurrence of punctuation situations in graphic practice, different composition and different activity of formal indicators of syntactic connection, different density of punctuation marks per punctuation situation. This means that a comparative study of punctuation practice taking into account statistical data allows us to identify the real relationship between the two punctuation systems, rather than the relationship set by normative documents.

Characteristics of the hydrological regime of the periglacial moraine lakes in the Altai

In the last decade glaciers of Inner Asia have been shrinking with acceleration, and the number of glacial lakes has been growing significantly, including those with a high probability of outburst and high-water discharge. The hydrological regime of lakes in the Altai is understudied in comparison with lakes in other high mountain countries. The article is based on our extensive field material on hydrological and morphometric characteristics of moraine lakes collected in the Russian and Mongolian parts of the Altai Mountains and combined with the Earth remote sensing data. We have proposed detailed indicators (criteria) of transgressive, regressive and post-regressive stages of lake development. It allows allow to determine at a qualitative level at what stage a lake is at and to assess its further development. The characteristics of hydrological regime of Altai lakes at different stages of development are described for the first time. Based on the criteria proposed, the classification of glacial and moraine lakes in the Altai high mountains was carried out. It shows that at present most of the lakes are in the transgressive stage. Over the last 22 years, the number of lakes has increased significantly: on the territory of the North Chuya Ridge – from 28 to 60, on the South Chuya Ridge – from 39 to 73, on the Katun Ridge – from 57 to 89, on the territory of the Tavan-Bogdo-Ola massif – from 11 to 19, and on the territory of the Mongun-Taiga massif – from 8 to 11 lakes.

Trends in the industry of clinical trials

Background. The clinical trial (CT) industry is subject to changes, some of which are rapidly developing and their directions can be predicted, while others develop gradually, forming stable tendencies, which requires analysis to confirm and predict them. According to the generally accepted time gradation, there are an operational (up to 1 month), short-term (up to 1 year), medium-term (up to 5 years), long-term (up to 20 years), and long-term (over 20 years) prognoses. A short-term forecast is common in CT industry.Objective: to identify trends in the development of CT industry until the end of 2024.Material and methods. We searched publications in Russian and English segments of the Internet in open access sources in ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Academia, ResearchGate, CyberLeninka, eLibrary databases by key query “trends in clinical trials” for the period from January to March 2023. The query “history of clinical trials” was also used in Russian part of the Internet through Google search. The analysis included publications on the history of CT development over 1936–2023. The total number of sources analyzed was 59 (9 Russian and 50 English).Results. The tendencies in CT development can be divided into two groups. The first one is related to CT organization and conducting, while another is associated with development of innovative drugs. In the first group, the trends have persisted since 2022 and are expressed in the ongoing digitalization of operational activities, a shift from centralized research to decentralization, while the protocol design has changed towards patient-centricity. In the second group, the number of expected drugs has decreased and a shift towards biological drugs, gene and cell therapy has become more pronounced.Conclusion. Trends in CI are characterized by a number of innovations, primarily related to digitalization, the development of telemedicine technologies, mathematical modeling, artificial intelligence, virtual CI, decentralization and patient-centricity.

Индивидуальная и географическая изменчивость шишек Picea obovata в российской части ареала в связи с количеством семян в них

The cone length of Picea obovata Ledeb. is closely related to the seeds quantity that causes the importance of full-scale study of this indicator. Studies were carried out in the entire Russian part of the P. obovata range from Murmansk region to Transbaikalia and Yakutia. It was found that geographical variability of cone length is relatively small (44–77 mm) and significantly inferior to individual variability (45–110 mm). The coefficient of a variation is 10 and 14%, respectively. We found that in the total population of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and P. obovata determined by their strong introgressive hybridization, cones of P. obovata is the category small and average. It is reasonable to distinguish an additional category of very small cones. The established categories of cones are characterized by the following length: very small 50 (54 mm and less), small 60 (55–64 mm) and medium 70 (65 mm and more). The approximate number of full seeds in them at good yields is 76 (less in extreme conditions of the Far North), 78–92 and 94–108 pieces, respectively. These figures are important for assessing the processes of spruce forest regeneration. Geographical distribution of average cone length in the studied territory it is not clearly expressed. The smallest cones are characteristic of spruce populations along Arctic Circle and in the Polar Regions, while in populations of the southern part of the range they are much larger. The majority of the Russian populations of P. obovata (about 2/3) have cones 65–70 mm long. The content of full seeds in cones is rather small.

Water Consumption and Disposal in the Russian Part of the Transboundary Ural River: Trends and the Effect on Water Quality

Water Consumption and Disposal in the Russian Part of the Transboundary Ural River: Trends and the Effect on Water Quality

Hazardous and Adverse Hydrological Phenomena for the Russian Part of the Ural River Basin

Hazardous and Adverse Hydrological Phenomena for the Russian Part of the Ural River Basin

Neostructural zoning of the Russian part of the Greater Caucasus megavault, the Eastern segment (advanced studies for engineering survey)

The use of the orotectonic method made it possible to detail significantly the previously proposed schemes of neotectonic zoning of the Eastern segment of the Greater Caucasus megavault. In the Russian part of the segment, the zones of the North-Eastern and Central uplifts are traced. Within the North-Eastern zone, Western, Eastern and Southern subzones are distinguished, differing in their structure and orientation of the main structures. Block structures predominate in the Western and Southern subzones, and folded ones in the Eastern subzones. Among the anticlinal folds, there are folds with eroded arches, as well as folds that are partially preserved. The zone of the central uplifts includes the subzones of the side and main ridges, separated by the subzone of the axial troughs. The trough subzone crosses the entire Eastern segment of the megavault and includes the Northwestern group of differently oriented grabens and the eastern Bezhtino-Samur suture-depression zone with longitudinal grabens. This zone and its subzones are limited by the largest faults and reverse faults. Most regional and local structures are separated by active faults, which may be dangerous for the stability of engineering structures. The obtained original data, which is not available in standard materials on geological surveying for a given area, is useful for construction design and geoecology.

Structure and long-term changes of polychaete communities of the Varanger fjord in 2003 and 2019

Long-term changes in species composition, production indicators, and structure of polychaete communities for the period of 2003 and 2019 in the Russian part of the Varanger fjord (Barents Sea) were shown. The connection of such changes with climate factors and the influence of the red king crab are considered. The changes in species composition, structure, and production characteristics of polychaetes in the Russian part of the Varanger fjord (Barents Sea) in 2003 and 2019 are shown. The linkage between these changes and the climatic factor, as well as the influence of the introduced red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815), is discussed. The results demonstrate an increase in the quantitative characteristics of polychaete Spiochaetopterus typicus M. Sars, 1856, indicating a decrease in pressure from the king crab on bottom communities. The biodiversity indices indicate the absence of negative changes in the settlements of polychaetes in the Varanger fjord during the studied period.

Determinants of entrepreneurial intention towards digital adoption during crisis

In the time of fast technology growth, digitalization is transforming the landscape of many businesses. However, the antecedents of digital adoption within small and medium-sized enterprises in crisis are yet not fully understood. This study’s objective is to pinpoint factors that influence entrepreneurs’ intentions to utilize digital technologies in times of COVID-19 crisis in the Russian Federation. The study is based on the theory of planned behaviour. The analytical procedures performed on the data involved logistic regression modelling. This research draws on the Russian part of the 2021 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Database (GEM) Adult Population Survey which measures the level and nature of entrepreneurial activity in different countries. Perceived behavioural control was revealed to be a key determinant of the intention towards digital technologies’ adoption – entrepreneur’s perception of opportunities and self-efficacy positively affects their intention to adopt digital technologies during a crisis. Notably, previous experience with digital technologies had a negative impact during the crisis. Further, an individual’s age inversely affects their tendency to pursue digital entrepreneurial initiatives. The research extends the theory of planned behaviour to volatile contexts and signals how entrepreneurs can adapt to upheavals during crises through digitalization, thus advancing understanding of entrepreneurial behaviour under extremities.

A new European Shag Gulosus aristotelis colony discovered near Ura-Guba in the Barents Sea, Russia

Breeding European Shag Gulosus aristotelis in in the Russian part of the Barents Sea was first noted in 1932, but the population has remained small. Currently, breeding sites are known from the Seven Islands, the Gavrilovsky Islands, the Ainovy Islands, the Bazarnaya Guba, and the Pechenga Guba. Here we report the breeding of this species near Ura-Guba and in parts of the Barents Sea coast where it has not been found before.

Scenario Analysis of Socio-Economic and Climate Related Changes in Nutrient Load and Retention for the Pregolya River Catchment (South-Eastern Baltic): The View at the Beginning of 21<sup>st</sup> Century

The study analysed the transboundary Pregolya River Catchment, covering both the Polish and Russian parts, using the HYPE hydrological module and FyrisNP emission-retention model. The results revealed significant spatial variations in nutrient retention. The data assessment indicates that, at the start of the 21st century, the nutrient load from the Polish part of the catchment is significantly greater than that from the Russian part. Model simulations based on climatic projections for the years 2041–2060, but with current nutrient loads, showed a significant level of uncertainty in the changes of nutrient export to the Baltic Sea. The range for total nitrogen was –10 % to +27 %, and for total phosphorus it was –29 % to –10 %. Model simulations based on different socio-economic scenarios, but current climate conditions, showed that if present 5-year trends are maintained, nutrient export will only increase slightly (3 % for total nitrogen and total phosphorus). If the plans for socio-economic growth of Polish and Russian local governments are implemented, including the expansion of agriculture in Kaliningrad Oblast, there will be a significant increase in nutrient export (78 % for total nitrogen and 55 % for total phosphorus).

MIKHAIL AND IVAN MOROZOV AS СOLLECTORS OF RUSSIAN ART

In the art history literature dealing with collectors Mikhail (1870– 1903) and Ivan (1871–1921) Morozov, researchers are primarily interested in the artistic stratum connected with European, mainly French, art. The issues of collecting Russian painting, the choice of certain Russian artists, refl ecting the tastes of collectors, the change of artistic preferences in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, almost never attracted the attention of scholars. This article attempts at determining the approach developed by brothers M.A. and I.A. Morozov in collecting Russian art. In this context, it seems logical to analyze some features of their collections: what names and works the Moscow collectors chose, whether it was conscious and deliberate or spontaneous (as the literature characterized the formation of the Russian part of the Morozovs’ collection). Unfortunately, researchers have not always found arguments in favor of the collectors’ choice of certain Russian masters. At the same time, experts convincingly prove that with regard to works by iconic figures of European art, the choice and purchases were carefully thought out, right down to “booking” in advance a place in the hall for a particular masterpiece. Another question is far from idle: can we talk about the common ground for the Morozovs’ aesthetic views and, accordingly, about a certain continuity in their collections? The analysis of their Russian part allows us to conclude that the collections broadly and voluminously represent the panorama of the main Russian art currents from early Plein Air to Impressionism, from the first World of Art works to Symbolism, from imitations of Cézanne and Gauguin to independent avant-garde experiments of Russian painting in the 1910s. One of the characteristic features of the collection of the younger brother, Ivan Morozov, was fi gurative (object) art, as he was not attracted to objectless painting.

Assessment of Microplastic Content in Surface Waters of the Russian Part of the Sea of Japan Basin

Assessment of Microplastic Content in Surface Waters of the Russian Part of the Sea of Japan Basin

Neotectonics of the Barents Sea shelf eastern part: seismicity, faults and impact of the Atlantic-Arctic Rift System

distribution with the fault network defined from seismic data, and kinematic characteristics of seismic activity spatial migration are obtained. It is shown that seismic events recorded by the Norwegian NORSAR regional network within the Russian part of the Barents Sea shelf are grouped into linear clusters along shear kinematics faults. The fault network displaces Mesozoic seismic complexes and reaches the bottom surface, displacing quaternary deposits, which clearly indicates the modern age of displacements along which linear clusters of weak seismicity are grouped. The calculation of the total seismic moment in the space-time dimension showed the presence of seismic activity migration along short fragments of faults on the shelf with velocities from 10.5 to 25.7 km/year. There has been a surge in general activity in the shelf area since 2012. A comparison of the temporal evolution of seismic activity on the shelf with fragments of the Atlantic-Arctic Rift system suggests that it is the effect of tectonic deformation waves triggered along the geodynamically active intraplate boundary and propagating to the shelf at a speed of 20–22 km/year. Migration rates with speeds up to 77 km/year are less likely. There is a possibility that the increase in the intensity of seismic activity on the shelf after 2012 is not an emission from the effects of a slow deformation wave, but the result of a direct trigger effect on the shelf from the structures of the Knipovich and Gakkel ridges.

Non-model method for the stock status assessing and catch forecasting of the Flounder 26+28 subdivisions ICES in the Baltic Sea

The aim of this article: to assess the flounder stock state in the 26+28 ICES subdivisions of the Baltic Sea and forecast its catch in the Russian part of the 26th ICES subdivision using non-model methods.Methods used: The qualitative condition of the stock was assessed by length (LBI method — Length Based Indicators). To develop catch recommendations for flounder stock in 26+28 ICES subdivision, as well as in the Russian sea area, was used an approach for a stock category 3 (ICES classification), based on a combined biomass index for fish from bottom trawl surveys. The assessment was based on the ratio of the average values of population indices of the last two years to the previous values for three years. All methods have been successfully tested at the international level within the framework of seminars and Working Groups of the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES), in which Russian specialists took part.Novelty: In conditions of insufficient completeness and quality of available information to justification the flounder catch, using models of the exploited stock, for the Russian water area of the 26th ICES subdivision of the Baltic Sea, non-model methods for assessing the state and predicting its catch were used for the first time. Result: to solve problems of rational management and conservation of fish stocks, the LBI method, as a non-model assessment tool, allows timely identification of qualitative changes occurring in the stock. The flounder stock is within biologically safe limits. The fishery is aimed at preserving small and large fish (conservation option), the stock is exploited optimally. It is possible to maintain the species’ production level at least at the current level.Practical significance: In modern conditions the current level of information support for forecasting the flounder stock state and catch in the Baltic Sea will make it possible to solve problems related to the management of this resource in the near future.

The genus Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in the Russian part of the Caucasus

Distribution, characters and habitats of Coenagrion spp. in the Russian part of the Caucasus is considered, chiefly by the authors’ own data. There are seven species, of which C. australocaspicum Dumont & Heidari, 1996 is for the first time recorded in Russia (Dagestan), C. ornatum (Selys, 1850) and C. scitulum (Rambur, 1842) in Karachay-Cherkess and Dagestan Republics and C. pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1825) in Dagestan. Coenagrion lunulatum is still known from the territory only by a century-old record by A.N. Bartenev from the highlands of West Caucasus. Keys for identification of the Caucasian species of the puella-group in a broad sense—C. australocaspicum, C. puella (Linnaeus, 1758), C. pulchellum and C. ponticum (Bartenef, 1929)—are provided. Coenagrion ponticum is supposed to be a hybridogenic species resulting from hybridiisation between C. puella and C. pulchellum in the past. Three of the EPIC (exon-primed intron-crossing) molecular markers, AgT, MLC and PRMT, were sequenced from the above mentioned puella-group spp. and C. ornatum, from the territory considered and elsewhere, plus from C. persicum (Lohmann, 1993) from Iran. Coenagrion ponticum thus entered molecular analysis for the first time. Coenagrion australocaspicum appeared divergent from the rest of the group. Coenagrion ponticum appeared inside the cluster of C. pulchellum while C. persicum outside it, so the species status of the former is challenged while that of the latter confirmed. The joint tree showed two clades in C. puella (with no difference in outer characters), one composed of specimens originating from the regions to the south of the Main Caucasian Range and from the Caspian areas of Dagestan including foothills, and the other with specimens from Inner Dagestan (plus one locality in the Caspian-faced foothills), West Caucasus, Western Europe, Ural and West Siberia.

Mediation in bribery as a special type of complicity, reflected in Article 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

The subject of the study is mediation in bribery as a special type of complicity in Article 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors consider in detail the aspects of its reflection in the specified article of the Special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as a circumstance having a specific similarity with the methods of aiding and abetting, regulated in Part 5 of Article 33 of the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the issue under consideration to clarify the meaning and content of the explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, to study the opinions of criminologists in the field of criminal law, the rules of the Russian language and to identify the etymology of the origin of the word. The purpose of the work is to analyze the sign of mediation within the framework of Article 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for its attribution to a special type of complicity that has a genetic connection with the provisions of Part 5 of Article 33 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The research is based on the universal dialectical method of cognition. In addition, the article uses such general scientific and private scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, analogy, induction, deduction, historical, systemic-structural, formal-legal. The result of the work was the revealed dissonance in the acts of judicial interpretation related to the criminal law assessment of mediation actions carried out in a small amount, within the framework of Articles 204.1 and 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Part 5 of Article 184 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors have revealed that mediation in bribery, in essence, is correlated with complicity (within the meaning of Part 5 of Article 33 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it attempts to study mediation in bribery as a special type of complicity in the context of the systemic connection of the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, with proposals for legislative transformation of parts 5 of Articles 33 and 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. At the end of the article, a conclusion is drawn about the imperfection of the norms on the types of accomplices to a crime regulated in the General Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, the list of complicit actions in Part 5 of Article 33 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is closed, but it is more expedient to make it open, which, it seems, may lead to the exclusion of liability for mediation in bribery (Article 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Особенности цифровизации арктических регионов России

The article discusses the features of digitalization in the Arctic regions of Russia. The authors pose broad questions: why is it important to develop the Arctic now; what economic interests are behind this; what difficulties are associated with this process; and how can we assess the current level of digital transformation in the Russian part of the Arctic? Based on an analysis of data from the Federal State Statistics Service and forecast indicators for the socio-economic development of regions, the authors assess the current level of digitalization of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation as uneven. The issue of digitalization requires increased attention in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Karelia. The authors concluded that the digitalization of the Arctic repeats the features of the digitalization of the country: the digitalization of business and industry lags the public sector and households. The main problems are associated with the large financial costs of laying fiber optic cables in remote, hard-to-reach areas with few residents. The authors believe that the most relevant tool for solving existing problems could be joint investments of public and private raw materials companies in laying a fiber-optic cable along the bottom of the Arctic Ocean for the digitalization of the Northern Sea Route (hereinafter referred to as the NSR), as well as across the territory of coastal Arctic subjects. The authors assess the digitalization of the NSR as vital for the development of this logistics route and as the main and most economically beneficial for the development of trade relations with China.

Burden and management of severe asthma in Russia: results from international observational study

To assess clinical and demographic characteristics of severe asthma (SA) patients and their management in Russian Federation. This publication provides data for Russian part of population of the international observational study. In Phase I, retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with SA was performed with assessment of clinical and demographic data, medical history, comorbidities, treatment approaches and healthcare utilization. Phase II was a cross-sectional collection of patient-reported outcomes: level of asthma control assessed by ACT (Asthma Control Test) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Phase I patients were enrolled into Phase II if they signed a written consent form. A total of 315 patients were included in Phase I of the study, 106 (33.6%) of them entered Phase II. Majority of study participants were either obese (n=103; 39.8%) or overweight (n=94; 36.3%). The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases (n=217; 71.4%), followed by chronic respiratory diseases (n=198; 68.8%). There were 268 (85.1%) patients who had at least one exacerbation during last 12 months. Data for blood eosinophil count were available in 176 patients; 81.3% of them (n=143) had only one test in the last 12 months. The mean (SD) last available blood eosinophil count was 161.2 (181.2) cells/mm3. Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) value was known for 88 patients, and the mean (SD) last measured IgE value was 254.3 (249.7) ng/mL. Only 4.7% of Phase II participants had ACT scores indicative of controlled asthma (>20). As much as 74.5% had scores ≤15 suggesting uncontrolled disease. Most patients also had impaired HRQoL. Most SA patients had poor disease control with frequent exacerbations and high number of comorbidities. Blood eosinophils and IgE level measurements were not evaluated routinely which might be a barrier for appropriate phenotyping and treatment selection.

Citizen science in studying the microplastic pollution of the Russian Arctic

Abstract The article presents a long-term study (2020–2022) on microplastic pollution in the seas of the Russian Arctic using the citizen science method. Methodological approaches to sample collection and their laboratory processing for isolating microplastic particles from environmental samples are presented, as well as some results of studying the role of the North Cape Current in microplastics transfer from the North Atlantic region to the Russian part of the Barents Sea. The joint cooperation between public organizations and scientific institutes is shown to be effective in providing science-based methodological approaches to volunteers conducting research in hard-toreach regions of the Arctic. The published guidelines and educational materials are publicly available to everyone interested in using them in future research.