Russian Literary Language Research Articles

Semantic Analysis of the French Word “Pistol” and its Origin in Russian Literary Language

Semantic Analysis of the French Word “Pistol” and its Origin in Russian Literary Language

Phonological Interpretation of French Vowels in the Russian Literary Language

Phonological Interpretation of French Vowels in the Russian Literary Language

Borrowings in the Lexical-Semantic System of the Russian Literary Language

Borrowings in the Lexical-Semantic System of the Russian Literary Language

Ideological adapting of orthodox vocabulary in soviet and post-soviet dictionaries

The article is devoted to the analysis of vocabulary definitions that explain the vocabulary of Orthodoxy. The material was the basic dictionaries published in the USSR, modern explanatory dictionaries of the Russian literary language and dictionaries that represent the religious picture of the world. It is shown how by means of ways of interpretation of orthodox lexicon, system of marks and illustrations in dictionaries of the Soviet period occurs ideologization of lexicon, polarization of evaluations, opposition of Orthodox religion. Explanatory dictionaries of modern times are exempted from the Soviet ideological evaluations and political characteristics. They overcome ideological simplification in the representation of religious vocabulary. As a result of comparative analysis of vocabularies for secular people and dictionaries for the religious sphere discourse variants of vocabulary are revealed and it is proved that differences in the definitions of identical Orthodox lexemes are conditioned by the ideological concept of dictionaries compilers.

Sergey Dovlatov’un Eserlerinde Retorik Figürler

Sergey Dovlatov’un nesri üçüncü dalga Rus Göç Edebiyatında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Son yıllarda yoğun bir ilgi ve büyük bir beğeni odağı olan yazarın özgün edebi biçemi, hayal ve gerçeğin iç içe geçtiği üslubu, eserlerini özel ve titiz bir yaklaşımla incelemeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. Söz konusu bu çalışmada, Dovlatov’un eserlerinde sözdizimsel yapıların biçem özellikleri, özellikle biçem özelliğini oluşturan retorik figürler dilbiliminin yaklaşımlarıyla ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada, yazarın biçeminin ana özelliklerinden biri olan kurgusal boşluğu, güçlü duygusal bir anlatımla telafi etme tekniğinde retorik figürlerin önemi ve rolü yakından araştırılmaktadır. Bu hedef doğrultusunda, yapılan çalışmada yazarın eserlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan retorik figürlerin türleri, özellikleri, işlevleri ve rolleri somutlaştırılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada içerik analizi, karşılaştırmalı araştırma ve retorik yorumlama yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. İncelenen eserlerin ideolojik içeriğinin özümsenmesi, parça-bütün ilişkisi içinde ve yorumlama ilkesi doğrultusunda gerçekleşmektedir. Yapılan çalışmanın verileri, Rus Edebiyat Dili ve Rusça Biçembilim alanlarında yapılan çalışmalara katkı sağlama ve bu alanlarda verilen dersler için kaynak materyal oluşturma potansiyeline sahiptir.

ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ СИНОНИМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА В ХРОНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТЕ

The article provides the chronological review of theoretical and lexicographical works on the problem of synonymy in the Russian literary language with a view to denote the gradation of the complication of synonymic categorical relations. The most significant works on synonymy are given in the chronological order, indicating additions, advantages and differences in each subsequent work in contrast to the previous ones. The theoretical provisions, represented in a number of dictionaries of synonyms, are worked out by the most significant domestic linguists, who have contributed to the development of synonymous relations in the Russian language.

The Potential of the Russian Language Textbook in the Formation of Primary Schoolchildren’s Communicative Literacy

One of the goals of the Russian language course in the primary school is the formation of the communicative literacy. The content of the course should be aimed at understanding the wealth of linguistic means by primary school children; the formation of the ability to detect a violation of linguistic norms and the inadequacy of the linguistic means used in the speech situation; the accumulation of the experience in choosing of linguistic means in accordance with the peculiarities of the speech situation; the creation of oral and written texts that meet the criteria of content, connectivity, compliance with the norms of the Russian literary language. The article considers the classification of exercises that contribute to the formation of communicative literacy. The author gives the examples of exercises where the student acts in different roles: the student is an observer of the speech situation and analyzes the adequacy of the choice of linguistic means; the student is a direct participant in the given speech situation and makes a choice of language facilities; the student is offered to create the speech situation himself, to independently construct an oral and written text.

ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕЛИГИОЗНОГО СТИЛЯ

The article considers the religious functional style that is new for the modern Russian language from the standpoint of its language features, which are one of the most important characteristics (along with the sphere of use, purpose, genre singularity). They make it possible to differentiate the functional style as an independent functional variant of the modern Russian literary language. Understanding the language features of a particular functional style allows a speaker to construct communication process more precisely and effectively. The work analyzes and summarizes the phonetic, lexical, grammatical features inherent in the religious style. The theoretical material is illustrated by examples from religious texts.

Typological Safety of the Russian Language as the Necessary Condition of Cultural and Intellectual Self-Identification of the Russian Society

Phenomena characteristic for speech works of all functional styles of the modern Russian literary language, which are traditionally considered from the normative-didactic point of view: violation of case coordination, the appearance of the plural in abstract nouns, the non-identification of voice, the lack of correlation between the subject of the participial construction and the subject of the sentence etc. - are discussed by the authors of the article from the standpoint of modern systemic linguistics. The method of the systemic typology of languages used by researchers makes it possible to reveal a tendency to isolation that is firmly established in modern Russian speech. The deformation of the flectionality of the Russian language, caused by the growth of the cultural heterogeneity of the language collective, while preserving such parameters of the external determinant, which determines the inflectional grammatical type, as the size of the language collective and the communication mode, not only hampers the expression of complex meanings, but also makes them ultimately unclaimed in society, reducing the continuity in the transfer of socially significant experience. If the structures of relations between signs cease to be socially unified, the language collective loses the ability to reproduce and recognize the signs of the speech flow and associate them with certain components of the extra-linguistic thinking content. The external preservation of flexion and grammatical coordination in the event of a violation of the forecast function in the designation of cause-effect relationships of the developing event, does not indicate flexiveness, and therefore statistical methods for determining the degree of flexiveness will give a false result. An objective assessment of the language and socio-cultural situation in society and scientifically grounded adjustment of the language policy could be possible only on the base of research of the measure and nature of the discrepancy between the external determinant and the grammatical type of language.

Слово у вимірах історичної пам’яті українців

The article shows that archaic language is one of the components and methods of the detection of historical memory of Ukrainians. The analysis of the use of such elements in Old Ukrainian literary language of the 14-18th centuries., in Ukrainian literary language of the 19-20th centuries and in modern Ukrainian dialects has proved “Ukrainianness” of some archaic elements of the Ukrainian language, which are perceived by the language awareness of the modern Ukrainian as elements of the Russian language rather than the elements of its national identity in the diachronic dimension, as these words do exist in the modern Russian literary language, while in the New Ukrainian literary language they are replaced by other lexemes. It is shown that such archaisms in the language awareness of educated Ukrainians, including writers, acquire additional connotations and update their historical memory.

Correlations between the Social Basis and Leading Personalities of Russian Literary Language (I): Focusing on Sociopolitical Loanwords in the Journalistic Style of the Mid-19th Century - Early 20th Century

Correlations between the Social Basis and Leading Personalities of Russian Literary Language (I): Focusing on Sociopolitical Loanwords in the Journalistic Style of the Mid-19th Century - Early 20th Century

Полонизмы в русском языке: лексико-семантическое поле «Еда»

The aim of the article is to study the polonisms entering the lexical-semantic field «Food» and to describe the processes connecting with the entry of Polish vocabulary into the Russian literary language and its role in the development of vocabulary.Methods. The description and comparison of the material with the use of lexicographical sources of different genres.Results. The analysis of the material has shown that a large group of words of polonisms exists in the lexical system of the contemporary Russian literary language. The polonisms, entering the lexical semantic field «Food» are divided into two groups: flour products and dishes. The study has revealed that the polonisms underwent semantic adaptation in the process of borrowing words (the process of expansion, the narrowing of the semantic volume and its change are observed).Conclusions. The polonisms play a significant role in Russian vocabulary. However, some of them refer to passive vocabulary at the present stage.Â

О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ БАЗОВЫХ ЧЕРТ ЮЖНОРУССКОГО ФОНОВАРИАНТА

The article is devoted to the study of the perception of one’s own accent - informants have been asked to evaluate the belonging of the presented phrases to the standard of the Russian literary language. On this basis the conclusion is drawn about a positive evaluation of the pronunciation by the speakers of the South Russian regional substandard, compared with neighboring types of pronunciation. The study results in substantiation of the need to clarify the status of this territorial-systemic formation and to reveal the nature and specificity of functioning.

Русская народная культура в зеркале словообразования

The article examines the cognitively significant, culturally and historically noteworthy derived words representing Russian dialects. The vocabulary of Russian dialectal word formation is viewed in the aspect of studying the patterns of organization of its complex units – various fragments of lexical word-building nests. The analysis of such derived dialectal words as facts reflecting Russian material and spiritual culture can present highly valuable and, in many respects, theoretically and practically important material for characterizing the derivational potential of the Russian language as a system, on the whole.Special attention should be paid to words possessing cognitively significant semantics representing meanings but having no one-word expression in the system of the Russian literary language. In the author’s opinion, it is appropriate to view such words not discretely but in the structure of various fragments of lexical word-building nests. The latter can consist entirely of dialectal words or present a synthesized type of nest fragments in which the words of the Russian literary language and the dialectal units are viewed together within a group of related words.

Ономастическая метафора в «Былом и думах» А. И. Герцена

The present paper comprises a comprehensive study of the metaphoric use of proper names in a prominent piece of Russian memoirs – My Past and Thoughts by Alexander Herzen. Having been established as a regular semantic phenomenon in the Russian literary language by the middle of the 19th century, the onomastic allusive metaphor was fully accepted by Herzen with the whole spectrum of its conceptual, syntactic, evocative, and cognitive capabilities. Aligned with Herzen’s “explanatory metaphor”, his proper name allusions also play a noticeable part in both structuring the writer’s worldview and in the evolution of the text. Other peculiarities of Herzen’s onomastic allusive metaphor include a wide extension of the corpus of proper names used and the enrichment of their contextual representation. The findings presented in the paper are supported by a thorough analysis of vast linguistic material.

Вопрос об единстве русского языка перед австрийским военным судом в Вене в 1915 году. Научные показания проф. д-ра В. Вондрака о сущности и роли русского литературного языка по отношению к его наречиям с вводной заметкой автора и с предисловием и примечаниями проф. д-ра Ю.А. Яворского

Вопрос об единстве русского языка перед австрийским военным судом в Вене в 1915 году. Научные показания проф. д-ра В. Вондрака о сущности и роли русского литературного языка по отношению к его наречиям с вводной заметкой автора и с предисловием и примечаниями проф. д-ра Ю.А. Яворского

Мотивационно-генетическая характеристика лексико-семантического поля «Вред» в русском литературном языке

Мотивационно-генетическая характеристика лексико-семантического поля «Вред» в русском литературном языке

History of the Russian State as Personal Project; Vasily Tatishehev and Nikolai Karamzin

This article analyzes the individual projects of Tatishchev and Karamzin as Russian historians. Vasily N. Tatishchev (1686–1750), a civil servant during the Petrine era, spent thirty years creating his Russian History as a set of commentaries on “chronicle records.” Nikolai M. Karamzin (1766–1826) gained entrance to European intellectual culture through his travels around Europe, which served as a source for his Letters of a Russian Traveler and later publication of his journal Vestnik Evropy (1802–1803). The exposure to European intellectual life stimulated Karamzin’s project, the twelve-volume History of the Russian State. This article examines the similarities and differences in the thinkers’ methodologies for constructing history, which relied on European historiography and a substantially different set of personal experiences: one the builder of Empire under Peter, and the other an intellectual educator, writer, creator of the Russian literary language, and professional historiographer in the court of Emperor Alexander I.

«Library as a territory of the Russian language existence and promotion»: a scientific library special project

The problem analysis dealing with the Russian language preservation and promotion, including the Internet space, has shown the necessity to develop a special project «Library as a territory of the Russian language existence and promotion» on the basis of a system-integrated approach. Seven basic tasks were singled out involving all structural units of the library: to expand using the standard Russian literary language, to improve the quality of teaching Russian regardless of people’s residence, to support activities in the field of the Russian language study, to promote the Russian language throughout the world including by the Internet, to develop a set of measures to revive the interest in reading, to expand the availability of Russian classical literature works, to support literary creativity. The project objective is to improve the Russian language quality within the society different categories, and to raise the Russian language presence in the information space. The approach implemented within the project allows developing the library activity system determining the structural unit functions with identification of the most effective techniques, technologies, forms and methods of work for a specific target audience. Each problem is solved by a set of forms, methods, techniques, new formats, that allows optimizing the library multifunctional activity and making it effective and qualitative. The library monitors implementation of the project each aspects, develops social partnerships, and strengthens the library image.

Propaganda as a Category in Forensic Text Analysis

The category of propaganda is considered in the paper as a linguistically definable notion. It is demonstrated that being a legal term, this category is significantly influenced by the semantics of the word propaganda as a unit of the Russian literary language. Presented is an analysis of various definitions of propaganda in their historical evolution, from the earliest record of the word in Russian dictionaries to modern lexicographic definitions. Polysemy of the lexical unit “propaganda” is analyzed. Special focus is placed on differentiation of propaganda from other forms of persuasive communication, particularly from advertising, including its political variety. Analysis of the meaning and use of the word propaganda is proposed as a way to objectivize the intuitive labeling of various statements as propagandistic. Our analysis resulted in a list of key properties of propagandistic discourse to be taken into account in the investigation of suspected propaganda of extremism and terrorism, namely, the existence of: (1) a subject of propaganda; (2) an addressee of propaganda, (3) a set of relatively simple and consistent points (describing the desired state of affairs) and supporting arguments; (4) opposing evaluations of the desired situation and its negative alternatives; (5) recurrent and persistent realization of the aforementioned set of points or its fragments in the discourse, with identical of slightly modified argumentation; (6) multiple texts produced within a certain period of time (i.e. the period of a propagandistic campaign); and (7) a practical possibility for disseminating information among multiple people (addressees).