Russian Journals Research Articles

The Question of Serfdom in Russia: Social Dialogue and Communicative Practices of Power (First Quarter of the 19th Century)

This article puts forward a research model for studying the interaction between power structures and Russian subjects in the first quarter of the 19th century. The starting point of the model is a revision of the structuralist approach. The author considers it important to study “social dialogue” as a history of the communicative practices emerging among Russian subjects, local representatives of power, and high-ranking officials of the imperial administration. In order to reconstruct the channels, content, and results of this “social dialogue”, the author uses two groups of primary sources: texts produced in the process of public communication with an unspecified addressee that created a general intellectual and emotional context for the perception of existing social, economic, and political issues; and texts of public communication with a specified addressee, aimed at official structures of different levels with the purpose of solving certain practical problems. The author compares publications of Russian journals discussing the problem of “slavery” in different countries of the world, archival materials from the Russian State Historical Archive on “the issues connected with peasants’ appeals for emancipation from non-noble masters”, the serf-owners’ complaints about the “illegal” emancipation of peasants without proper compensation, and projects for the abolition of serfdom created on the basis of the generalisation of complaints and petitions. The author distinguishes the two models of social dialogue, i.e. the conflict model and the project model. Taken together, these two models make it possible to trace both the government’s reaction to amendments of existing laws meant to solve conflicts between serfs and their masters and efforts to develop an all-Russian solution for the issue of serfdom.

Сравнительный анализ показателей публикационной активности и цитируемости российских учёных в отдельных естественнонаучных областях знаний по данным РИНЦ и WoS CC

The article considers the indicators of publication activity in 2013-2017 and citation of Russian scientists in the field of biology, mathematics, Geology and mechanics, reflected in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) and the Russian science citation index (RSCI). It is revealed, that due to the minimal representation of Russian journals in the WOS СС and the weak representation of Russian authors in English-language publications, their maximum indices of Hirsch and citation in the WoS CC in the field of biology, mathematics and mechanics are significantly less than the maximum indicators of these indices in the WOS CC system, except geology. At the same time, the maximum citation index for biology in the RSCI exceeds the same indicator for WoS CC twice, for the other three branches of science - 30-90 times. It is stated that the world scientific community is not receiving a significant amount of new information and knowledge created by Russian scientists and experts on the basis of their research.

Library Activity within the Supreme Council of National Economy of the USSR: at the Origins of the State Scientific Library (1918—1927)

One of the first large libraries, created in Russia after the 1917 revolution, was the State Scientific-Technical and Economic Library (SSTEL) of the Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the RSFSR (from 1923 — of the USSR). The library was organized June 17, 1918. N.P. Gorbunov, the Chairman of the Collegium of the Scientific and Technical Department, took the most important part in its formation. By 1924, the library holdings consisted of 80 000 books, among which were the country’s only full sets of Russian and foreign journals, books on technology, engineering, exact and natural sciences. The richest acquisition of the State Scientific-Technical and Economic Library became the large library of the former Society for the Advancement of Experienced Sciences and their Practical Applications named after Kh.S. Ledentsov, housed in a specially equipped library building. The “Ledentsovskaya” library became the Central Department of SSTEL, and its location near five Moscow Universities made it the center of attraction for students-readers. The SSTEL success in 1922—1926 was associated with the active work of its Head, M.V. Panov, as well as the support of Academician V.N. Ipatyev, the Chairman of the Collegium of the Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy. In 1923—1926 in the Supreme Council of the National Economy appeared and began to dominate another library center, the Central Library of the Supreme Council of National Economy, headed by the intellectual revolutionary L.A. Schlossberg. Having received its status of the main one in the system of the entire Supreme Economic Council, the Central Library, like SSTEL, absorbed many of the book collections, inherited from the abolished institutions of the tsarist time. September 13, 1927, on the basis of these two libraries, there was established the unified State Scientific Library of the Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of National Economy, which existed then, under the leadership of various People’s Commissariats and Ministries, until October 1958.

Gender Representation in Russian Academic Journals

Olga Krasnyak – PhD in History, a Lecturer in International Studies, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Еmail: olga.k@yonsei.ac.kr
 DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2017-15-4-617-628
 Representation of women in academic outputs is an important indicator of a country’s gender equality. Starting in the 1950s, extensive scientific growth in the Soviet Union came with the establishment of a large number of academic institutions and journals. However, this massive rise in academic production has not been accompanied by an increase in equality between women and men in terms of publications; the sciences and the humanities remain dominated by men. This study focuses on gender disparity in domestic academic productivity. The availability of online archives and a long history of publications were crucial factors in choosing specific journals for this study. Collected data include the output statistics of the following journals: for humanities, Questions of History (1955–2013) and Russian Literature (1958–2014); for sciences, Acoustical Physics (1955–2014), Mathematical Notes (1967–2014), and Biomedical Chemistry (1956–2014). In addition, a list of publications of the journal Questions of Psychology available in the period between 1980 and 1999 was also taken into account. The data show the percentage of female academic outputs and its changes through the decades, taking into account the socioeconomic, political, and historical background. A brief analysis of the scientific productivity reveals underrepresentation of women authored publications in mathematics (7 %), physics (11 %), and history (15 %). On the other hand, psychology (40 %), biochemistry (39 %), and literature (28 %) show better rates of gender equality. The article provides an explanation of this phenomena. During decades, a slight increase of women authored outputs gradually occurred in every scientific discipline, although this share was still low overall. The outcomes were compared with gender representation in sciences and humanities in other countries, which allows the conclusion that gender disparity in terms of the academic output in analysed Russian journals is not unique but follows global trends.

Российские философские журналы и проблемы современной научной периодики

<p>В статье представлен краткий обзор работы круглого стола в Институте философии РАН 4 октября2017 г., посвященного проблемам междисциплинарных российских журналов. Он проходил в рамках международной научно-практической конференции «Философский журнал как феномен интеллектуальной культуры: проблемы и перспективы», которая была посвящена 70-летию журнала «Вопросы философии». </p>

Clinical and epidemiological features of visceral leishmaniasis in the Republic of Crimea

The paper analyzes official statistical data, as well as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases who have visited the Clinical Center, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, and the results of parasitological studies of the materials submitted to the Reference Center for Monitoring of Leishmaniasis, E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases. Account is taken of the observations made by the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, and of the literature data available in Russian and foreign (Ukraine) scientific journals and monographs. During the period of 1932 to 2015, a total of 14 VL cases acquired in the Crimea were notified, of which there were 4 cases of VL concurrent with HIV infection. The majority of infections occurred in the eastern part of the peninsula. Given that many areas of Crimea have the status of recreation and annually receive millions of vacationists, it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth study of all aspects of this infection.

Bibliometric indicators of Russian journals indexed by web of science

Bibliometric indicators of Russian journals indexed by web of science

Institutions of Scientific Efficiency: Organizations of the Middle Urals

In the article, the authors show that the main institutions of scientific efficiency are the institutions that publish scientific articles in Russian and international journals as well as monographs, scientific conference abstracts, pre-prints, reviews, reports, and also the institutions that register patents. The purpose of the research is the development of the indicator for the evaluation of the dysfunction of the institutions of scientific efficiency depending on different types of transaction coasts; and verification of the authors’ indicator of scientific efficiency by the empirical study of the scientific organizations’ activities. In the research, we applied the methods of the system, logical and economic analysis. The empirical information was processed using the methods of statistical analysis and correlation analysis. On the basis of different scientific efficiency of the central and regional institutions confirmed by Scopus data, the authors have proved that the scientific efficiency of regional scientific institutions and central ones need to be analysed separately. We have determined the dysfunctions of these institutions depending on different types of transaction coasts. We have developed the indicator for the assessment of the dysfunction of scientific efficiency institutions depending on different types of transaction coasts. The authors have introduced the indicator of scientific efficiency equal to the ratio of the dynamics of the increment of scientific results to the dynamics of the increase of transaction coasts. Depending on a type of the analyzed transaction coasts, the indicator of scientific efficiency illustrates the efficiency of various economic institutions. On the basis of the analysis of the research findings of the middle Urals’ scientific organizations, we have arrived at the conclusion that the institutions that publish articles in the Russian and foreign scientific journals are efficient. We defined the dysfunctions of the institutions that publish articles in the Russian and foreign scientific journals depending on different types of transaction coasts. The authors conclude that it is efficient to increase certain types of transaction coasts. The received results can be applied by regional scientific institutions to increase the efficiency of their scientific activity.

The Danger of Decadence and Degeneration

This article discusses how some Russian satirical journals capitalized on the medical discourse of degeneration shortly after the 1905 Revolution in order to stigmatize certain decadent literary figures as degenerate purveyors of social unrest. This is not an exhaustive examination of the role of satirical journals in this process, but an indicator that the scientific discourse of degeneration was not limited to medical journals, academic lectures and literary salons. Along with this medical discourse, the designation “decadent” became an abusive moniker that was used to stigmatize the writer as a deviant and degenerate psychopath. This article suggests that as a result, medical theory played a more important role in shaping the popular discourse of the Russian fin de siècle than has been previously discussed. In fact, this stigmatizing discourse was quite prevalent, by which criticism of literary decadence was intertwined with the medical pathology of degeneration. Russian satirical journals played a role in this process by popularizing this medical discourse for readers, combining the latest theories on degeneration with sensational accounts of alcoholics, drug addicts and syphilitics, while at the same time depicting modernists as morally corrupt transmitters of social and political discontent.

The Russian Military’s New ‘Main Emphasis’

The nature of the Russian military threat to Western interests needs to be reassessed. An examination of articles in Russian military journals shows that its senior ranks now see ‘asymmetric means and methods’ as their new ‘main emphasis’ in modern peer-state wars. Rod Thornton explains that for them, winning such wars through asymmetric means has become a key way to impose Moscow’s will on other states. Remarkably, they seek to avoid the use of military violence.

THE CLINICAL AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF DIFFUSE INFILTRATING RETINOBLASTOMA: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND CLINICAL CASE PRESENTATION

Purpose. The objective of the present study was to provide a short review and summarize the available information concerning the main symptoms of diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma encountered in the ophthalmological practice and compare them with the manifestations of typical retinoblastoma. The secondary objective was to discuss the genetic paradigm of diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma that is frequently interpreted as a sporadic condition despite the evidence suggesting its genetic predisposition and inheritable etiology that have become increasingly widely recognized during the last years. A literature search for the information about diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma in the Russian, English, German, and Spanish scientific journals made it possible to reveal a total of 77 patients described in the available literature. In addition, the main specific clinical and gender-related features of diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma were identified. The results of initial working diagnostics and referral diagnoses are presented with special reference to the importance of the molecular-genetic analysis and the multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and examination of the patients and their relatives. It is concluded that the adequate medical follow-up care needs to be provided in order to diagnose the possible associated cancers. A clinical case of diffuse infiltrative retinoblastoma in a 6-year old male patient is presented.

Поэтика апофатики в книге Б. Херсонского Missa in tempore belli. Месса во времена войны

This article analyzes the book of poems Missa in tempore belli. Messa vo vremena voiny (Missa in tempore belli. War-Time Liturgy) by the Ukrainian author Boris Khersonskii. The book is dedicated to current political events, but did not receive coverage in Russian journals. This article analyzes the book of poetry as a complex art unity, formed not only through thematic leitmotifs, but also by way of subject organization, architectonics and framing texts. The author uses liturgy to rationalize the chaos of historical events, translating them into a trans-historic aspect. The abundance of negative word formations are linked to apophaticism and the lyric hero’s view of inter-ethnic conflicts, the origins of which he locates in the Soviet past. The central concept for determining Khersonskii’s position becomes the ritual of the Eucharist (Holy Communion). The author links this work with M. Voloshin’s Putiami Kaina (Ways of Cain) and current political poetry, and comments on Khersonskii’s poetic strategy and new trends of “post-documentality” in contemporary art emphasizes.

The Russian and International Practices of Identification of Irresponsible Journals and Authors

In 2016, a new project aimed at identification of irresponsible publishing practices in Russian scientific journals was launched in Russia. Research papers published in Russian journals included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission were checked in a semi- automated format using a software program developed specifically for the Russian project Dissernet. The 4-year realization of the Dissernet project allowed 6,000 false dissertations, which contained multi-page incorrect borrowings from other research works (plagiarism cases), to be identified. Thus far, over 50,000 research papers published in the Russian language have been checked. It has been found that in more than 2,000 cases the authors violated the basic principles of publication ethics. The statistics obtained has allowed three categories of ‘problem’ journals to be distinguished. The first category includes predatory journals that are characterized by a suspiciously large number of publications covering a wide range of topics; a rapid growth in the number of publications with time; the absence or fictional participation of esteemed scientists in the editorial board work; as well as the factual absence of the peer-review procedure. The second category includes well-estab-lished scientific journals with ‘a low immunity level’ that practice the peer-review procedure only formally, thus permitting the principles of scientific ethics to be violated. The third category includes journals whose editorial boards collaborate with those dissertation councils that ‘produce’ false dissertations on ‘an industrial scale’. The statistics of the retraction rate of research papers in Russia and worldwide is presented. A conclusion is drawn that the appalling state of scientific publishing in Russia is the result, on the one hand, of the seriously impaired system of scientific expertise in the society, and, on the other, of unreasonably high requirements that the Ministry of Education and Sciences in Russia apply to access the publication activity of Russian scientists and university lecturers.

Present-day approaches to assessing quality of Russian academic journals

Present-day approaches to assessing quality of Russian academic journals

Prospects of Formation of the Bibliographic Repertoire of Russian Books and Periodicals

The roundtable discussion “Prospects of formation of the bibliographic repertoire of Russian books and periodicals” was held on 27 October, 2016 at the Russian State Library. There were made and discussed presentations devoted to creation of the “Union catalogue of Russian books 1801-1825”, possible ways of formation of the repertoire of Russian books 1826-1917, and implementation of the project on creation of database of the repertoire of Russian journals and continued editions 1728-1917.

ДИАХРОНИЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ГЕОГРАФИИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДА РОССИИ)

The main purpose of the article is to assess the advantages and disadvantages developed in historical geography methods of time slices and temporal dynamics (the diachronic method). The results of the analysis of applying historical-geographical approach in modern studies of the sociogeographical field, published in the known geographical and regional Russian journals, are presented. It is concluded that studies fulfilled in socioeconomic geography, especially population geography, frequently rely on the diachronic method (the method of spatiotemporal dynamics). The examples of applying the diachronic method in geography of settlement pattern and ethnic geography of Northwestern Russia are given. This method is focused on describing the changes that have occurred in the geography of the region during the study time range. Thus, in the geography of rural settlement pattern in Northwestern Russia, the diachronic method made it possible to trace the processes of polarization of the population of the region, the greatest intensity of which occurred in the last fifty years. At the same time, there was an alignment of ethnic mosaic at the level of the lower administrative units of the region. Areas, which previously had a high share of non-Russian population (St. Petersburg and its surroundings), lost their ethnic diversity. Most areas of Novgorod and Pskov oblasts, which were almost exclusively Russian in the first half of 20th century, increased ethnic mosaic. The conclusion is made that the diachronic method based on cartographic analysis allows solving the traditional problems of social geography. This includes the analysis of socioeconomic, demographic and sociocultural processes in a certain territory with the subsequent identification of spatial regularities in the development and the creation of scientific prerequisites for the geographical forecast.

Education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Russia: A systematic review of the available evidence.

To summarise and appraise cumulative published scientific evidence relevant to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education in Russia. We searched Medline, Scopus, Science Direct and Russian Science Citation Index databases from December 1991 to December 2016 to identify studies pertaining to the field of CPR education that were carried out by Russian researchers and/or investigated the topic of interest for Russia/Russian population. Reference lists of eligible publications, contents pages of relevant Russian journals and Google Scholar were also searched. There was no limitation based on publication language or study design. Of 7 964 unique citations identified, 22 studies were included. All studies were published from 2009 to 2016, mainly in Russian. Only three studies were reported to be randomized controlled. Non-medical individuals constituted 17% of studied populations. Most of the studies aimed to assess effects of CPR educational interventions, generally suggesting positive influence of the training conducted. The studies were highly heterogeneous as for methodological approaches, structure and duration of educational interventions, evaluation methods and criteria being used. Methodological quality was generally poor, with >40% publications not passing quality screening and only 2 studies meeting the criteria of moderate high quality. The results suggest paucity, low population coverage, high thematic and methodological heterogeneity and low quality of the studies addressing CPR education, which were carried out in the Russian Federation. There is a critical need in conducting methodologically consistent, large-scale, randomized, controlled studies evaluating and comparing efficiency of educational interventions for teaching CPR in different population categories of Russia.

Public Administration Research in Contemporary Russia: An Analysis of Journal Publications, 2010–2014

ABSTRACTThis study examines the latest tendencies in Russian research on public administration (2010–14) as it appears in Russian academic journals. The study considers the subjects of articles, their methodological features, and the characteristics of contributors. Revealing problems in public administration research in Russia contributes both to the development of Russian science and to the ongoing international discussion regarding the need for better research on public administration and state policy. By drawing attention to the shortcomings and weaknesses of Russian public administration research, the study is meant to advance the current discussion on ways to strengthen the quality of policy research around the world.

Russian journals in global informational and analytical resources

The Russian segment of scientific journals, which is largely associated with the Russian Academy of Sciences, is considered within the global informational and analytical resources Scopus and Web of Science and the respective bases of statistical data Scimago and Journal Citation Reports. Special attention is paid to analysis of the indicators of Russian journals in foreign informational resources, as well as to problems of the thematic attribution and clustering of journals proceeding from the subject categories of Scopus and Web of Science, the OECD rubricators, and the State Rubricator of Scientific and Technical Information (SRSTI). A question is posed concerning the assessment and ranking of journals using bibliometric indicators that constitute the basis for making administrative decisions on the development of Russian scientific periodicals.

The Reception of J.S. Mill’s Feminist Thought in Imperial Russia

The essay explores the publication and reception of J. S. Mill’s The Subjection of Women in Imperial Russia. Translated in 1869, the same year that the book came out in Britain, The Subjection of Women found a wide audience in Russia, attracting both feminist and conservative readers, many of whom had already been familiar with Mill’s name after the publication of his Principles of Political Economy in Russia nine years earlier. Until the end of Imperial period, the book was published in four translations and six editions, some of which were accompanied by extensive editorial introductions and followed by reviews in the leading Russian journals. The essay analyzes conservative and feminist responses to Mill’s ideas in the context of Russian intellectual and socio-political developments in the second half of the nineteenth century. It also highlights the similarities and differences in the reception of Mill’s feminist thought in Russia and in England.