Russian Children Research Articles

Непряма благотворительная помощь американских и российских организаций и частных лиц в пользу России в годы Первой мировой войны

In the article has been attempted to consider the history of distant relief from the American and Russian organizations and individuals in favor of Russian disadvantaged children and orphans, sick and wounded Russian soldiers during the World War I. At the moment, in the Russian and American historiography, humanitarian cooperation between Russia and the United States is presented very fragmentally and haphazardly, and this topic has not received the deserved attention of researchers at all. Consequently, the author has identified the following purpose of this article – to summarize and expand the available material about the American and Russian relief and humanitarian assistance, to identify the features, forms and instruments of its activities, as well as to draw a general conclusion about the scale and benefits of the aforementioned assistance to Russia during the European war. The article was written on the basis of materials from the American and Russian periodicals, published documents and archive sources stored in the funds of The Russian State Historical Archive, the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of the Navy. As a result, the author concluded that this assistance was of a national coverage and was expressed by both temporary and permanent American relief organizations. Russian organizations, which were under the auspices of Russian diplomatic authorities in the United States, set goal to collect funds through various entertainment events. Nevertheless, these donations took a small part in solving the problem of shortage of sanitary property. In general, both sides engaged in charitable activities not only out of a sense of compassion and a sincere desire to provide all possible assistance, but also within the framework of public diplomacy aimed at creating a favorable image of their country and stimulating friendly relations between Russia and the United States.

The impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on the quality of life of children and adolescents in the Republic of Tyva

Aim of the study was to investigate quality of life indicators in children and adolescents with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the Mongoloid and Caucasian populations of the Republic of Tyva. Material and Methods. Schoolchildren aged 7–18 years of the indigenous (25 Mongoloids – Tuvans with GERD and 354 practically healthy) and newcomers population Republic of Tyva (5 Caucasians with GERD and 158 practically healthy) were examined using a cross-sectional method. Gastroenterological complaints and demographic information were recorded. To assess the quality of life of children, adapted Russian parent (CHQ-PF28) and child (CHQ-PF45) versions of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) were used. The questionnaire allows you to assess various areas of a child’s life. Results and discussion. A decrease in the quality of life was established in schoolchildren of both ethnic populations in the presence of GERD on a number of scales as assessed by the children themselves and their parents. However, unlike parents, children’s assessments tended to decrease in the “family cohesion” section (p = 0.068), which, to a certain extent, may reflect the presence of intrafamily problems that can have a traumatic effect on the child. According to parents’ assessments, in schoolchildren with GERD in the Caucasian population, the decrease in indicators concerned only the “physical activity” scale (p = 0.039). In the Tuvan population, more extensive deviations were noted ‒ in sections “general health assessment” (p = 0.041), “physical activity” (p = 0.024), “changes in health status” (p = 0.006), “pain/ discomfort” (p = 0.037). According to the assessment of children, Caucasians with GERD did not show a decrease in indicators, and Tuvans with GERD had fewer deviations on the scales than, according to their parents. Conclusions. Tyva schoolchildren with GERD showed a decrease in quality of life indicators, which was more pronounced among Mongoloids - Tuvans, and there were differences in its assessment by the children themselves and their parents.

Клинико-эпидемиологическая характеристика ювенильного идиопатического артрита у детей в Республике Саха (Якутия), РФ

Due to the ethnic and geographical features, the incidence of rheumatic diseases in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia, differs from it in other Russia regions. The purposes of this research were to describe the epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) residing on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia (RSY), to describe the therapeutical options and to evaluate the main outcomes. Materials and methods used: the continuous single-center cohort retrospective study included data from medical records of all patients (225) with diagnosed JIA who had undergone examination and treatment in the cardiorheumatological department of the Pediatric Center with the Sakha (Yakutia) Republican Hospital No. 1 - M.E. Nikolaev National Medicine Center (Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia) in 2016-2023. Results: the incidence of JIA in the RSY regional pediatric population aged 0 to 17 y/o was increasing noticeably, from 5.3 per 100,000 in 2016 to 15.5 per 100,000 in 2023, i.e. almost tripled (2.9) or by 192.9%. The 2023 RSY JIA prevalence was 84.5 and was higher in children living in rural areas - 102.8 per 100,000 children, than in cities - 73.6 per 100,000 children. By ethnicity, the JIA prevalence was higher in the Yakut children - 110.1 per 100,000, than in children of the Russian nationality - 69.4 per 100,000. Among the Yakut children living in the cities, the JIA prevalence was higher (139.4 per 100,000) than in those living in rural areas (89.8 per 100,000). The JIA prevalence among the Yakut boys and girls was identical whilst girls had predominated amongst the Russian children. The distribution of patients by JIA categories was as follows: juvenile arthritis with systemic onset counted for 3.5%, oligoarthritis - 33.8%, RF-positive polyarthritis - 0.9%, RF-negative polyarthritis - 14.7%, enthesitis-associated arthritis (EAA) - 44%, psoriatic arthritis - 3.1%. The frequency of uveitis was 10.2%, HLA-B27 carriage was 39.6%, seropositivity for ANF was 66.7%. The prevalence of EAA was 4.4 times higher in the Yakut children, and the systemic form was 2.9 times lower than that in Russians (p<0.001). 40.4% of children with JIA received therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs, with remission achieved in this group in 45.4% of cases. Conclusion: JIA in RSY has its own epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features associated with the prevalence of the HLA-B27 amongst the Yakut pediatric population. The Yakut children are more likely to suffer from JIA, the disease prevails among boys, the most common JIA form was EEA whilst uveitis and psoriasis being the rare extra-articular JIA manifestations.

Sexual somatic dimorphism in connection with ecological factors

Introduction. Analysis of correlations of sexual somatic dimorphism (SD) with the degree of urbanization (quantity of population) and geographic latitude of the residence place is carried out using the material of monitoring of Russian children and adolescents. Material and methods. The study embraces the wide specter of ethno-territorial samples of children and adolescents from Russia and neighboring countries (literary data), examined through the historic interval 1930-2010 years. To estimate the direction and degree of associations of anthropometric traits (height, weight, chest girth) and ecological factors the classic correlation analysis for pairwise combinations of variables was implemented for age groups of 9-year-old children and 13-year-old adolescents. The quantitative estimation of SD was carried out using Kullback divergence, the analogue of Makhalanobis distance. Results. Significant correlations of SD of height with both ecological factors for 13-year-old adolescents and SD of weight for 9-year-old children with the quantity of population were fixed on base of the whole data massive. The more homogeneous data base (only Slavonic groups examined in 1960s-1970s) shows significant correlations of latitude with SD of height for 13-year-old adolescents only in combination with the quantity of population of the residence place up to 500 thousands of people; and latitude with SD of weight for 9-year-old children only for million-plus cities. Significant correlations of quantity of population were fixed for SD of height of 13-year-old adolescents in more southern ranges of latitude (37-50degrees), for SD of weight for 9-year-old children in more northern ranges of latitude (50 degrees and more). Conclusion. The study shows complex superposition of ecological factors, which influence somatic variability of children through growth process. High degree of urbanization conceal anthropoecological correlations SD-latitude for ecosensitive age 13 years, but reveal them for “neutral” age, 9 years, with the opposite vector. The most southern range of latitudes (about 40 degrees) reveal positive associations of SD with the degree of urbanization for 13-year-olds, which are not fixed in more northern latitudes. More frequent anthropoecological correlations of SD of height, as genetic marker, of 13-year-olds, and SD of weight as the marker of nutrition status and life style of 9-year-olds reflect the physiological essence of age periods - increase of intersex differences for adolescents and decrease of intersex differences for second childhood children

How children make sense of fear of the dark: a qualitative study of Russian preschoolers

ABSTRACT Fear of darkness is prevalent in childhood, yet how children explain it remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate how preschoolers make sense of fear of darkness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted through Zoom with 4- to 5-year-old Russian children (n = 31; 13 girls). Reflexive thematic analysis revealed that preschoolers made sense of fear of darkness by appealing to the various entities that inhabit it, the bad things that can occur while in it, and its inherent nature. Preschoolers also spoke to making darkness less scary through people, objects, actions, and qualities of the world, like light. These themes are discussed relative to Russian folklore tradition as well as children’s ability to differentiate fantasy from reality.

Comparison of executive functions in Russian and Japanese preschoolers.

This study analyzed differences in level of main executive function (EF) components (such as inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) among Russian and Japanese preschoolers. The study involved 102 children of 5-6.9 years old: 51 child from Russia and 51 child from Japan. Out of 102 children 48 were boys and 54 girls. It was found that the cognitive flexibility level in Russian children is higher and inhibition level is lower than in Japanese children. The results of the boys' EF comparison showed that boys from Russia have lower cognitive and physical inhibition levels than boys from Japan. Also it was shown that cognitive flexibility in Russian girls is significantly higher and cognitive inhibition is lower than in Japanese girls. The results obtained are discussed from the point of view of possible cultural differences in the two countries studied, which are manifested in the expectations of adults from children.

Genetic Characteristics of a Large Pediatric Cohort of Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: Single-Center Experience.

More than 450 genetic defects result in inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Their individual prevalence in specific cohorts is influenced by national characteristics and other factors. We present results of genetic testing conducted in 1809 Russian children with IEI. Genetic defects confirming IEI were found in 1112 out of 1809 (61.5%) probands. These defects included variants in 118 single genes (87.9% of patients) and aberrations in 6 chromosomes (11.8%). Notably, three patients harbored pathogenic variants in more than one IEI gene. Large deletions constituted 5% of all defects. Out of the 799 original variants, 350 (44%) have not been described previously. Rare genetic defects (10 or fewer patients per gene) were identified in 20% of the patients. Among 967 probands with germline variants, defects were inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in 29%, X-linked in 34%, and autosomal recessive in 37%. Four females with non-random X-inactivation exhibited symptoms of X-linked diseases (BTK, WAS, CYBB, IKBKG gene defects). Despite a relatively low rate of consanguinity in Russia, 47.9% of autosomal recessive gene defects were found in a homozygous state. Notably, 28% of these cases carried "Slavic" mutation of the NBN gene or known hot-spot mutations in other genes. The diversity of IEI genetic forms and the high frequency of newly described variants underscore the genetic heterogeneity within the Russian IEI group. The new variants identified in this extensive cohort will enrich genetic databases.

Russian Children and Their Relatives: What Can a Free Word Order Language Reveal About the Subject/Object Asymmetry?

ABSTRACT The present study revisits the well-attested phenomenon of Subject/Object Asymmetry in relative clause comprehension by monolingual Russian pre-school children. Additionally, it examines the NP-V and the V-NP word order types when the embedded NP precedes or follows the verb. Both the word orders are grammatical for Russian subject and object relative clauses alike. Object relative clause comprehension difficulty was evidenced across all the age groups. Word order alternation (V-NP vs NP-V) did not significantly affect the accuracy rates. Besides the efficacy of the agent-first strategy, growing morphological knowledge compels children to update their ongoing structural analysis, which results in embedded NP errors. Yet, even at 6 years of age, children do not display word order preferences to go with a particular relative clause type that are found in Russian-speaking adults. Restricted exposure to written texts at pre-school age as well as low validity of word order as a cue to thematic role assignment are discussed as possible reasons for children’s insensitivity to word order manipulation in Russian relative clauses.

NEW APPROACH TOWARDS THE PROBLEM OF SOMATIC CRITERIA OF SECULAR TRENDS. SEXUAL SOMATIC DIMORPHISM

Introduction. The goal of study is description of secular dynamics of sex dimorphism (SD) of height, weight, chest girth of children aged 9 years and teenagers 13 years old from Russia and neighboring countries through 1920–2010. Materials and methods. The main source of data — materials of books on physical development of children and adolescents from cities and rural regions of Russia and USSR, collected and processed according to the universal methodical standards of Research Institute of Hygiene of children and adolescents. The quantitative estimation of SD value was held using Kullback divergence. One-year age groups, contrastive in biological essence, are under discussion. The estimation of the vector and level of associations of SD of anthropometric traits and secular factor was held using correlation analysis. The analysis of local patterns of secular SD dynamics of separate traits was carried out. Results. Secular variability of height and weight SD of 9-year-old children is not significant. While secular dynamics of three body dimensions of 13-year-old teenagers is significant, the highest determination coefficient is fixed for weight. For Moscow samples the decrease of height and weight SD is fixed through the historic interval 1960s – 70s with the following recovery up to the level of 1920s in 2000s. Temporal dynamics of SD of 9-year-old children of St. Petersburg through the interval 1960s – 2000s consists of macrosomization of girls; the tendency for 13-year-old teenagers is opposite. Temporal dynamics of somatic SD of 9-year-old Russian children of Kazan reveals stability through the interval 1960th-1990th; for 13-year-old teenagers’ parameters of transversal body development demonstrate secular stability, as to height – boys compensate their lag compared to girls. For Kirovsk city (Murmansk region) through the interval 1950s – 1970s temporal fluctuations of height and weight SD of 9-year-old children are less than 0,2 standard deviations; height and weight SD of 13-year-old teenagers reveal temporal increase (0,4–0,6 standard deviations). Conclusion. The results confirm the importance of somatic SD as the criterion of secular dynamics for 13-year-old teenagers and witness, as a whole, to the temporal stability of SD during second childhood (9 years). Local differences do not contribute significantly to the intensity of secular dynamics of SD. The process of secular macrosomization of one sex as compared to the other is not the exclusive prerogative of boys and male teenagers.

Православное воспитание в детских организациях эмиграции «первой волны» 1920 – 1930-е гг.

In Europe, in the second half of the XIX century, the first children's and youth movements were created. Their goal was the physical and moral development of young people. Moral values were instilled through Christian education. The Russian Empire was no exception, and since 1909, the scout and "potesnnie" movements began their activities in it, paying much attention to the Orthodox upbringing of their wards. In emigration, religious education became even more important. In the conditions of a foreign environment, the threat of assimilation and acculturation of Russian children increased. It was planned to resist this with a great emphasis on the study of national culture, including its religious component. Since it was not possible to cover all children in Russian schools in the scattering, more flexible children's and youth organizations became more important. In those colonies where churches existed, they participated in divine services, helped in holding Christian holidays, invited priests to classes and camps. In the richest and most numerous diasporas, such as the Parisian one, field churches in summer camps have become popular. In addition, classes on the Law of God were held in children's associations and exams were passed on knowledge of the basics of Orthodox culture, which made it possible to reach children living in remote regions. There were several main organizations that worked with children: scouts (NORS, ORYUR, NORR, ORPR), the gymnastics movement "Sokol", the national organization "Vityazi" under the Russian Student Christian Movement. All of them paid a lot of attention to religious education, although the "vityazi" were the most active in this regard. A certain indicator of the success of such work can be the fact that many children who passed through such associations later became priests and bishops.

The Pushkin Myth in modern literature for children (based on the works of K. Strelnikova, M. Bershadskaya, Ai eN (Irina Krestyeva))

The article presents an understanding of the functioning and role of the Pushkin myth in modern Russian children's literature. In the book of short stories by Kristina Strelnikova "The Magnificent Wreath of Wreaths", Maria Bershadskaya "Pushkin and Company" (the tenth story from the cycle "Big Little Girl"), the novella "P.Ushkin and Pixels" by AI eN (Irina Krestyeva), the story of Ksenia Dragunskaya "Pushkin is urgently needed!" Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin appears not only in the image of a great poet. His presence in modern texts for children, on the one hand, is due to the presence of the Pushkin myth in culture as a whole, on the other – the early acquaintance of children with the work and facts of the poet's biography. The specificity of the image of the personality and creativity of A.S. Pushkin is due to the peculiarities of children's perception: the biography and creativity of the writer are transferred to the everyday sphere. During the research, historical, cultural, comparative and biographical methods of literary criticism were used. A.S. Pushkin in modern literature for children and adolescents is transformed from the image of a brilliant writer into the image of a friend whose everyday life is no less interesting and fascinating than his works. The texts of K. Strelnikova, M. Bershadskaya, and Ai eN reflect the facts of Pushkin's biography (studying at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, marriage, duel), as well as his works (poems, fairy tales are quoted). The Pushkin myth is undoubtedly the most significant literary myth, the myth of genius in Russian culture, which does not lose its relevance over time, but on the contrary, is becoming increasingly widespread in the mass consciousness. Modern children's literature actively uses trends characteristic of "adult" literature, including mythologization, the inclusion of myths about the "new cultural hero", which, of course, is A.S. Pushkin.

Towards Comprehensive Newborn Hearing and Genetic Screening in Russia: Perspectives of Implementation

The universal newborn hearing screening (NHS) program was implemented in Russia in 2008 to replace the high-risk newborn hearing screening. More than 95% coverage and significant improvement in early detection and intervention is achieved. Meanwhile, it was shown that current OAE-based hearing screening missed 13% of newborns with genetically ascertained hereditary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The aim of the study is to assess the results of genetic investigation and NHS in a large cohort of Russian children with bilateral SNHL and to study the feasibility of implementation of combined hearing and genetic screening in Russia. Genetic, audiological and NHS data of 1292 pediatric patients with bilateral SNHL born in 2008–2021 were analyzed. GJB2 sequencing was performed for all subjects, 644 patients had pathological GJB2 genotype, 406 of them were homozygous for c.35delG variant. The group of 155 GJB2-negative patients were searched for other SNHL genes, The pathological genotypes were identified at 87 patients. The most frequent genes were STRC (21.8%), USH2A (16.1%), OTOF (8%) and SLC26A4 (6.9%). Children with confirmed genetic etiology passed NHS in 21% of cases. The perspectives of implementation of national comprehensive newborn hearing and genetic screening including whole exome sequencing technologies are discussed.

Testing the Continuum/Spectrum Model in Russian-Speaking Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder.

Previously, Lancaster and Camarata (2019) showed that the continuum/spectrum model of the developmental language disorder (DLD) best explained the high heterogeneity of symptoms in children with DLD. We hypothesize that the continuum/spectrum approach can include not only children with DLD but also typically developing (TD) children with different timelines and patterns of language acquisition. This model can explain individual language profiles and deficits in children. We assessed language abilities in a group of Russian-speaking children with DLD aged 4-7 years (n = 53) and their age- and gender-matched peers without speech and language diagnoses (n = 53, TD). We evaluated the children's performance at four language levels in production and comprehension domains, using 11 subtests of the standardized language assessment for Russian: Russian Child Language Assessment Battery (RuCLAB). Using the k-means cluster method and RuCLAB scores, we obtained two clusters of children and analyzed their language performance in individual subtests. The analysis revealed that the two clusters of children both included DLD and TD participants: Group 1, with higher test scores (TD = 45, DLD = 24 children), and Group 2, with lower scores (TD = 8, DLD = 29). Children from Group 1 mostly had lower scores at one of the language levels, whereas those from Group 2 struggled at several language levels. Furthermore, children with DLD from both groups tended to be more sensitive to linguistic features such as word length, noun case, and sentence reversibility compared to TD children. The presence of two mixed groups shows that children with diagnosed DLD could perform on par with TD children, whereas some younger TD children could perform similarly to children with DLD. Our findings support the continuum/spectrum model: Linguistic skills in preschool children are a continuum, varying from high to poor skills at all language levels in comprehension and production. To describe a child's language profile, the tasks assessing all language levels should be used. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25521400.

Bibliophile, Bibliologist, Researcher of the Book Art (on the 60th Anniversary of Mikhail Vadimovich Seslavinsky)

The article is devoted to scientific, exhibition and collecting activities of Mikhail Vadimovich Seslavinsky, candidate of historical sciences, full member of the Russian Academy of Arts, leader of the modern Russian bibliophile community, Chairman of the Council of the National Union of Bibliophiles. His scientific and popular science works in the field of book history, bibliography, art of the book, history and modern state of Russian bibliophilia are analyzed (in total — more than 40 book publications, including major monographic works, about 300 articles, reports, notes, publications of documents, as well as interviews with figures of the book and bibliophile world). The scholar has made a significant contribution to the study of the history of bookbinding, Russian children’s books, the work of Russian artists-emigrants in France, the book heritage of poets and artists of the Silver Age (O.E. Mandelstam, M.I. Tsvetaeva, A.A. Akhmatova, A.N. Benois) and many other topics. He also proposed original approaches to the definition of book rarities that came out from under the printing press in the twentieth century.Large-scale exhibition projects prepared on the basis of his personal bibliophile collection were considered. The role of M.V. Seslavinsky as the creator and head of the National Union of Bibliophiles, chairman of the editorial board of the journal “About Books” was noted.

Bibliophile, Bibliologist, Researcher of the Book Art (on the 60th Anniversary of Mikhail Vadimovich Seslavinsky)

The article is devoted to scientific, exhibition and collecting activities of Mikhail Vadimovich Seslavinsky, candidate of historical sciences, full member of the Russian Academy of Arts, leader of the modern Russian bibliophile community, Chairman of the Council of the National Union of Bibliophiles. His scientific and popular science works in the field of book history, bibliography, art of the book, history and modern state of Russian bibliophilia are analyzed (in total — more than 40 book publications, including major monographic works, about 300 articles, reports, notes, publications of documents, as well as interviews with figures of the book and bibliophile world). The scholar has made a significant contribution to the study of the history of bookbinding, Russian children’s books, the work of Russian artists-emigrants in France, the book heritage of poets and artists of the Silver Age (O.E. Mandelstam, M.I. Tsvetaeva, A.A. Akhmatova, A.N. Benois) and many other topics. He also proposed original approaches to the definition of book rarities that came out from under the printing press in the twentieth century.Large-scale exhibition projects prepared on the basis of his personal bibliophile collection were considered. The role of M.V. Seslavinsky as the creator and head of the National Union of Bibliophiles, chairman of the editorial board of the journal “About Books” was noted.

A Comparative Lexical Analysis of Kazakh, Russian and English Children’s Folklore

Occupying a special position in the oral folk art of any nation, children’s folklore is a complex field, which interrelates two areas: folklore for children and folklore created by children, learned from adults, and passed on from some children to other children. Human world and values are reflected in folklore - thus the ethnographic study of children’s folklore contributes to the understanding of the specifics of various cultures, and children’s participation in them. The purpose of the study is to describe children’s folklore in the Kazakh, Russian, and English languages from the linguistic and cultural comparative perspectives. The importance of identifying the lexical and phraseological features of different genres of children’s folklore and describing their common and culturally marked characteristics lies in the fact that despite the availability of ethnographic studies of children’s folklore in some cultures, there doesn’t exist a single research on cross-cultural comparative perspectives of various genres of children’s folklore. The study employed analytical descriptive, and comparative methods. The research data were collected through the online sociolinguistic surveys parallelly conducted in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. Texts of children’s folklore in English were taken from the collections Nursery Rhymes and Mother Goose’s Songs . The amount of research data made nearly 2000 Kazakh, Russian and English children’s folklore texts. The study revealed that the genre variety of children’s folklore leaves an imprint on the language of each genre. The lexical and phraseological analysis of various genres of children’s folklore demonstrated an active use of neologisms, transrational language and personal names. Children’s folklore is characterized not only by genre and intragenre dynamics, but also by historical changes.

Vyatka priest, educator and methodist teacher N. N. Blinov

Introduction. One of the active processes of humanization of education in modern conditions is an appeal to the best achievements of the past, to the works of representatives of Russian, including regional pedagogy, whose creative searches were permeated with the ideas of humanism, concern for the upbringing and education of a person. Genuine interest is aroused by the multifaceted pedagogical and methodological activities of the famous Vyatka priest, zemstvo figure and methodist teacher N. N. Blinov (1839-1917), who clearly manifested himself as a practical teacher, a methodologist of primary education at the All-Russian level, the author of numerous educational books, an educator and researcher of the history of the Udmurt people. Materials and methods. The author uses as research methods: analysis of historical and pedagogical literature, biographical and historical methods, axiological (value) approach to the study of historical and pedagogical material. In his work, the author used a number of publications by foreign and Russian authors. Results. The period of activity of N. N. Blinov coincided with the time of activation of the development of education in Russia. In the Russian provinces, local methodologists in the field of education actively worked, – authors of textbooks and the first alphabets, mainly for the so–called "small", i.e. non-Russian, peoples. Blinov was one of the most prominent representatives of the Russian regional enlightenment in the second half of the XIX – first two decades of the XX centuries. His activities were of a multilateral nature. Russian Russian was the author of textbooks for Russian and Udmurt children, the organizer of rural schools, and his local history work was highly appreciated by the Russian Imperial Geographical Society. Especially his books "Learning – light" and the first Udmurt alphabet "Lydzon" should be highlighted. Discussion. In N. N. Blinov's method of teaching reading, the presence of such a new element in literacy teaching for that time as a clearly established and filled with concrete content step-by-step, currently known as "algorithmization", is original and valuable. At the same time, the desire to establish strict stages in the assimilation of letters was inevitably accompanied by the need to introduce words whose meaning was still unknown to children. Conclusion. Blinov's fruitful scientific, methodological and practical pedagogical activity, his local history work are a vivid phenomenon in the history of Russian provincial education. His methodological views remain relevant up to the present time. Vyatka educator contributed to the development of Udmurt culture and literature by being the author of original ethnographic, dramatic, historical and biographical works. His turbulent, eventful life deserves further study, as well as his numerous works.

Development of Training Programs for Educators in Russian Children’s Recreation and Health Centers (1920s to the Present)

Development of training programs for educators in Russian children’s recreation and health centers, changing the model of childhood in the context of digital socialization have an impact on the content and forms of teacher training for work in children’s camps. Analysis of national historical experience clarifies theoretical and methodological foundations for training professional educators in children’s health camps, to determine the conditions that influence the content and forms of this process. The purpose of the article: based on the analysis of the formation and development of the activities of children’s recreation centers in Russia, clarifying the core principles and characteristics of staff training for children’s recreation and wellness centers. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of historical-comparative (M. V. Boguslavsky, G. B. Kornetov), socio-cultural (A. G. Asmolov, G. A. Kadochnikova), as well as systemic-activity approaches (A. N. Leontiev, L. I. Novikova, S. N. Rubinstein). The results of the study. Chronological overview of the evolution in educator training for recreation and wellness centers in Russia from the 1920s to the present is proposed. The main components of the training of teaching staff for recreation and wellness centers (social order, qualification requirements, interrelations between all subjects of activity) are defined and analyzed. Conclusion. The prospects that open up to modern children’s camps when using the full potential and variety of forms and methods of pedagogical work used in wellness and recreation centers are presented; the role of the training system in improving these processes is determined.

Normative reference data for intracranial volume in children: The results of CT volumetry.

Intracranial volume (ICV) is an important indicator of the development of the brain and skull in children. At present, there is a lack of ICV growth standards based on large infant and children samples. Our aim was to assess the normal range of the ICV variation in Russian children using a modern automatic system for constructing the endocranial cavity (Endex) and to provide growth standards of the ICV for clinical practice. High-resolution head CT scans were obtained from 673 apparently healthy children (380 boys and 293 girls) aged 0-17years and transformed into the ICV estimates using the Endex software. The open-source software RefCurv utilizing R and the GAMLSS add-on package with the LMS method was then used for the construction of smooth centile growth references for ICV according to age and sex. We demonstrated that the ICVs estimates calculated using the Endex software are perfectly comparable with those obtained by a conventional technique (i.e. seed feeling). Sex-specific pediatric growth charts for ICV were constructed. This study makes available for use in clinical practice ICV growth charts for the age from 0 to 17 based on a sample of 673 high-resolution CT images.

Diagnostic verification and routing of children with bronchial asthma using the current information system capabilities

Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic, and recurrent inflammatory lung disease that also affects children. In recent decades, the incidence of bronchial asthma has been steadily increasing. In 2021, asthma affected 0.89% and 1.87% of Russian children aged 0–14 and 15–17 years, respectively; however, the prevalence of asthma according to official statistics is lower than the real data. Therefore, a significant proportion of patients do not receive proper treatment, which ultimately affects the quality of life of these patients and their parents. Early and accurate diagnosis of bronchial asthma and identification of children with an uncontrolled disease course will provide an opportunity to select/change therapy to achieve remission, thereby preventing possible negative consequences of the disease. In Moscow, according to Order No. 947n of the Ministry of Health of Russia, to improve the quality of medical services, including outpatient care, the Unified Medical Information and Analytical System (UMIAS) has been implemented, which has improved the availability and quality of medical services of public healthcare institutions in the city. This study proposes simple algorithms, and their integration into the UMIAS system will facilitate diagnosis verification for pediatricians and provide allergologists with tools for timely and structured routing of patients with uncontrolled bronchial asthma.