Russian Academician Research Articles

Mansi Lexical Materials in the Manuscript Heritage of the Russian Academician Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738)

This article analyses the Mansi vocabulary from the handwritten Latin-Tatar-Vogul dictionary kept in Glasgow (Great Britain), in the archive of the Russian academician Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738), which has never been done before. Bayer’s scholarly heritage is of great interest and has not been sufficiently studied yet. The author manages to establish that Bayer’s dictionary is a partial list of lexical materials compiled by another Russian academician, Gerhard Friedrich Mьller (1705–1783), Head of the Academic Unit of the Second Kamchatka (Great Northern) Expedition (1733–1743). It is also established that these Mansi (Vogul) materials were recorded by Müller in Tobolsk in 1734 from a native speaker of the Pelym dialect and preserved in Mьller’s archive in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA) in Moscow. A comparison of Bayer’s and Mьller’s dictionaries shows that Bayer copied only the most interesting lexemes from Müller — 90 Vogul words, while Müller has about 300 of them. Most of the words copied by Bayer are reflected in lexicographic sources, which makes it possible to trace their correspondences in Mansi dialects, as well as to identify lexical parallels. The article considers several lexemes that are of the greatest interest from the point of view of semantics and word formation. More particularly, the name of the kopeck uses the designation of a ‘squirrel’ as a monetary unit in Siberia, hence ‘rouble’ (Schдtlin) is ‘one hundred kopecks’, or ‘one hundred squirrels’; in the name оf paper, the Mansi ‘birch bark’ (-schasch) is added to the word of Komi origin ‘paper’ (nepag). Additionally, the author reveals lexemes that are not marked in dictionaries or have other semantics, i.e. the name of the ‘water spirit’ (Uнtkas) is used to denote ‘the devil’; the adverb ‘above’ (Nùmna) is used to denote ‘the sky’; the month as a period of time is denoted by ‘four weeks’ (Nille-Sat); ‘the cloudberry colour’ (Morochoschp) juxtaposition is used to denote ‘yellow’. Finally, the article mentions some inaccuracies made by Bayer when copying Mьller’s dictionary.

Electricity from Beijing to Petersburg

We compiled a detailed study focused on the Beijing invention of early electrophorus in 1755: it was designed by Hallerstein’s Beijing Jesuits and their collaborators. They sent their results to Petersburg as a part of their correspondence with the Russian academicians. This essay is an extension of our earlier work printed in Europe, in USA, in Japan, and in China.

Global and regional trends of the century+ in the Middle East: A new interpretation

The study focuses on a set of issues related to the assessment of key trends in the development of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), which has been raised in the research published by Russian academicians V.G. Baranovskii and V.V. Naumkin in 2018. The aim of this paper is to reexamine their estimates and forecasts in the light of recent developments and on this basis to take a fresh look at the future of the MENA region. To that end, the first section of the paper revisits the main findings of the 2018 research. It shows which of the global and regional trends outlined there have retained their relevance under modern conditions, and which ones need serious reappraisal. In particular, the authors note that the trend towards the universalization of regional political systems stemmed from their overall modernization is being increasingly counterbalanced by the revival of archaic socio-political practices. The recent developments in the region have had an even greater impact on the process of democratization and the globalization-regionalization dichotomy. The authors argue that these changes were not completely unforeseen; on the contrary, they were anticipated if one looks at them through the lens of neo-modernism. The second section analyzes current trends in regional development. It shows that though the most acute regional conflicts in the MENA region are gradually de-escalating, centrifugal tendencies are becoming more evident, as heterogeneity of political systems and regimes increases. In this context, the discourses of decolonization and neocolonialism, as well as symbolic politics in general, are gaining a whole new meaning.

<i>L’oubli des Russes</i>: An (Almost) Forgotten Chapter in the History of 19th-Century Orientalism

The celebrated Russian academician Vasily P. Vasilyevs (18181900) pioneering study of the history of Buddhist thought, Buddhism, Its Dogmas, History and Literature (St. Petersburg: Akademii Nauk, 1857), became well-known to Еuropean learned circles thanks to its excellent 1860 German translation by the Indologist Theodor Benfey (18091881). It was in this form that Vasilyevs work remained, for more than a century, one of the main Western sources of knowledge of Buddhist philosophy as it had been transmitted in Tibet. Largely forgotten, however, was the flawed French translation by G.A. La Comme (Paris 1865) and the controversy that it aroused. Dedicated to the contemporary French philosopher Roger-Pol Droit to honor his contributions to the history of the Еuropean study of Indian and Buddhist philosophy, the present article retraces that controversy and its implications for our understanding of the reception of Vasilyevs masterwork.

Splendor and Misery of the Anthropological Crisis: A Myth of Contemporary Russian Philosophy

The concept of anthropological crisis is very popular in contemporary Russian humanities: the Russian Scientific Electronic Library, or Elibrary.ru, includes more than ten thousand publications with the keyword anthropological crisis. On the contrary, Google gives links to Russian publications only when one searches for anthropological crisis. This keyword has no reference in the famous online book catalogue Worldcat.org. Nowadays English-speaking scientific communities still explore the crisis in anthropology as a discipline. The difference between the anthropological crisis and the crisis in anthropology seems essential. The crisis of a scientific discipline is not a crisis of the human nature. The modern Russian academicians, including the late Vyacheslav Stepin, find many features of the anthropological crisis in the successes of genetic engineering and modern medicine as well as in the growing psychological pressures. Russian-language scholars find the traits of anthropological crisis in many fields, including studies of memory, bioethics, pedagogics, literature, and economics. The loss of the sense of life is often treated by Russian scholars, like Stepin and Boris Pruzhinin, as a trait of the anthropological crisis. The problems of self-identity are also marked by Russian authors as a mark of that crisis. Sergey Averintsev felt that human beings lack their human nature. Pruzhinin supposes humans cannot predict consequences of genetic engineering for their nature as a species. But all these trends have nothing in common with the anthropological crisis. Genetic engineering helps improving of sick human nature and self-realization. Certainly, all consequences are not open but there is no scientific discovery whose effects would be absolutely evident at once. Cyborgs are an inevitable step towards healthier and smarter humans. Existential problems are universal since the emergence of self-consciousness among the humans. Self-identities are in constant flux since the birth of complex societies, especially since the industrial revolution strengthened alienation. The growth and volume of information flows are not threats to humans as there is no necessity to memorize all the data in the world, and there are multiple network and personal filters which block garbage. The anthropological crisis seems a myth in contemporary Russian-language humanities in general and philosophy in particular.

Postmodernism in the Literature of the North Caucasus: Based on Dina Damian’s Novel “In your World I am a Passer-by”

The Russian academician G.D. Gachev in the middle of the 20th century put forward the theory of “accelerated development”, according to which the literary systems of minority peoples, which for a number of different reasons were delayed in their development, are able at one moment to join in a single world process and in a short time to catch up and overtake highly developed literature. In the presented article, the legitimacy of the Gachev theory is proved on the example of the North Caucasian postmodern literature, which has developed into a single school. Based on the novel by Dina Damian (a pseudonym of Madina Tlostanova) “I am a passer-by in your world”, it is shown how one “stormy genius” in the person of a Kabardian writer performs a dual task: it raises regional postmodernism to an unprecedented height, and at the same time enriches world literature with innovative poetics and a whole series of original philosophical ideas. The novel solves a number of other tasks related to clarifying the philosophical, historical, social, and aesthetic roots of postmodernism.

23nd International Scientific Conference

Reshetnev Readings-2019 (11–15 November 2019) Preface to 23nd edition of Reshetnev Readings Conference Proceedings The Russian Academician Mikhail Reshetnev (1924–1996) is one of the pioneers of the Soviet space program. His contributions were especially important to Soviet (later, Russian) satellite communication and navigation systems. As a sign of gratitude for Reshetnev’s achievements, two institutions – our University and a satellite manufacturing company were named in his honor. 2019 is the 23rd time that the University has organized a scientific conference in memory of Academician Reshetnev.Prior to 2017, the University was named Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University. After it merged with the Siberian University of Technology in 2016, its name was changed to Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, or Reshetnev University. 2017 is, therefore, the first time that the University is holding the Conference in a new status. While the traditions sections of the Conference with the fields of aerospace technology and engineering, computer science and telecommunication systems remain as the nucleus of the Conference, new sections, including a significantly developed section or workshop on Materials Science and Engineering have been added. The scope of the section has been broadened, adding new areas of research such as forestry products and biomaterials in engineering, solid-state physics, composite materials, polymers, and other areas related to the science of developing and producing new materials. The Conference is traditionally held in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk. Over 200 participants annually take part in the Conference, making it one of the largest scientific events in the city.List of Editors and Topics are available in this pdf.

Directions for the distribution channels’ transformation in the context of digitalization based on relationship marketing

Modern trends associated with increased requirements for the innovative development of enterprises and the use of new digital technologies and changes in consumer behaviour have destroyed traditional distribution chains, which entailed problems in the distribution of products and services during the transformation of market relations. The main goal of this study is to identify and structure the conditions and criteria for integration into the chain of interaction between the manufacturer and the consumer, taking into account digital changes. To do this, within the framework of the theoretical component, we analyze conceptual and empirical articles contained in the Web of Science database, as well as information obtained from the study of articles by Russian academicians in specialized journals, monographs and conference abstracts. We propose to build the empirical component of the article through a threefold conceptual framework to summarize research in this area. Our starting point is identified as associated triggers. This allows enterprise decision-making criteria to be put forward to evaluate different distribution channel options and opportunities for integration. The results obtained in the course of the study provide a deepening of knowledge about the factors that configure the integration of the distribution system, principles of interaction between the subjects of distribution and the corresponding tools to unite interests. In addition, the relationships and connections established among the participats in digital ecosystems are constantly evolving, therefore the study will be able to show the relationship dynamics and help to analyze the development of interaction over time.

Publication of the 4th edition of “Immunology” by academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Rakhim M. Khaitov

A landmark event for specialists in immunology and specialties related to immunology took place this year. A fourth edition of the textbook, Immunology, has been published by the famous Russian immunologist and academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rakhim Musaevich Khaitov. Compared to the previous edition issued in 2018, this version is a substantially updated and revised version, replenished with information obtained during this relatively short period by world immunology, one of the most rapidly developing areas of scientific knowledge. With all the complexity of modern immunology, this training manual has achieved a perfect form, consistent, and accessible presentation of the material following the latest international data. Attention is drawn to the appropriate placement of perfectly done illustrations that explain the text material and create liveliness, interest, and accessibility to its development. Special attention should be paid since the reader is fully prepared for easier perception of special clinic-oriented information, particularly, on allergies in the chapter, Allergic diseases, which was presented following the principles of evidence-based medicine, modern international and national guidelines, and consensus documents after getting acquainted with the deeply and easily presented material on the structure and function of the immune system.
 Undoubtedly, the textbook will be an irreplaceable guide for students and teachers of medical and biological educational institutions, researchers, and doctors of various specialties interested in immunology and allergology.

Digital ecosystem structure formation depending on the archetype of distribution network participants

PurposeFundamental changes in economic relations, instability of the market environment in which enterprises operate and increased intensity of competitive influences to obtain better business conditions emphasize the importance of the nature of interaction for all participants of business processes in the distribution channel and the success of the chosen business structure. This circumstance determines the expansion of the content of the ecosystem approach to the organization of enterprise activities and the clarification of the participants' roles in such systems. The purpose of the study is to identify the key features and differences in business models of digital ecosystem participants that are critical to shaping the value of the distribution system.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, within the framework of the theoretical component, the authors analyze conceptual and empirical articles contained in the Web of Science database and also rely on information obtained from the study of articles by Russian academicians in specialized journals, monographs and conference abstracts. Using the method of content analysis, data on enterprises were collected and generalized into cases, which made it possible to propose possible classification properties of enterprise archetypes within the digital ecosystem and to determine the general properties of the objects under study and their interrelations.FindingsThe systematization of results allows us to present a co-competitive activity model for ecosystem participants, depending on their archetype, where they are segmented according to the dominant principle of role and activity within the system. From a practical point of view, the considered classification of the archetypes of recipient enterprises and their economic relations make it possible to structurally visualize a digital ecosystem, which significantly reduces the distance between the consumer of the product/service, the manufacturer and the seller. This reduces the time of delivery and waiting as well as the time to find a suitable option making the market more perfect. The proposed conceptual framework indicates the interdependence of the development of all participants in the product distribution and proves that successful business models take part in the market expansion. Finally, the authors' systematic review of the academic literature results in identifying certain promising directions for future research based on the consideration of open ecosystems with transparent infrastructure.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are limited by the authors' sample data and the case study approach. The study does not show the further evolution of the digital ecosystem depending on the set and configurations of ecosystem participants. The authors introduce a possible new classification of archetypes of ecosystem participants and a co-competitive activity model for ecosystem participants depending on these archetypes.Practical implicationsFrom a practical point of view, the considered classification of the archetypes of recipient enterprises and their economic relations make it possible to structurally visualize a digital ecosystem, which significantly reduces the distance between the consumer of the product/service, the manufacturer and the seller.Originality/valueFrom a practical point of view, the considered classification of the archetypes of recipient enterprises and their economic relations makes it possible to structurally visualize a digital ecosystem, which significantly reduces the distance between the consumer of the product or service and the manufacturer or the seller. This reduces the time of delivery and waiting as well as the time to find a suitable option making the market more perfect in this respect.

The letters of academician V.A. Obruchev from the collection of the Geological institute of RAS and their importance for the history of geosciences

The paper presents a general overview of 870 letters from Russian academician Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956) collected at the Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main topics of the letters are considered: the Obruchev’s publications, editor works, scientific expeditions, activity at the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the study of the Quaternary and mineral deposits. The chronology, authors and main topics of the letters are also indicated. The history of geology studies, organised by V.A. Obruchev and V.V. Tikhomirov, is described separately. Obruchev’s epistolary heritage is very important for the history of science and needs further study.

Russian academicians of the 19th – early 20th centuries in the collection of V.P. Sukachev

The article is devoted to the history of the collection of the Irkutsk Regional Art Museum named after V.P. Sukachev, which includes a unique collection of leading Russian artists of the 18th – 20th centuries. The formation of this collection became possible thanks to the founder of the museum V.P. Sukachev. A detailed analytical overview of the history of the collection is given; the factors contributing to its formation are highlighted, an art history analysis of the main works is carried out; the role of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts in the formation and development of national culture, in art education and the upbringing of Russian society is noted. The research uses methods: historical-genetic, comparative, as well as a set of art criticism methods. Статья посвящена истории собрания Иркутского художественного музея имени В.П. Сукачёва, которое включает в себя уникальную коллекцию ведущих отечественных художников XVIII–XX веков. Началом ее формирования Иркутск обязан основателю музея В.П. Сукачёву. Дается подробный очерк истории собрания; выделяются факторы, способствующие его формированию, проводится искусствоведческий анализ основных произведений; отмечается роль Императорской Академии художеств в формировании и развитии отечественной культуры, в художественном образовании и воспитании российского общества. В исследовании применяются методы: историко-генетический, компаративный, а также комплекс искусствоведческих методов.

Academician Abalkin. Precepts of the Russian school of socio-economic thought and the practice of perestroika reforms

The article continues the series of articles in the journal MBA about Russian academicians who actively collaborated with the VEO of Russia. Academician L.I. Abalkin (1930–2011) — a prominent scientist and economist of the last decades of the Soviet era and the beginning of the post-Soviet period. L.I. Abalkin's activity is multi-faceted both in the field of economic theory, especially political economy, and in the field of practical justification of economic reforms, transformation of the planned Soviet system into a market economy. Participation in 1989–1990 in the work of the government as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and Chairman of the Commission on economic reform, describes him as an outstanding representative of academic science, who had a huge impact on the development of economic theory and economic practice. L.I. Abalkin played an exceptional role in developing the problems of the Russian school of socio-economic thought. He not only justified its distinctive features and principles of methodological approach to its study, but also brought back to scientific circulation the works of many undeservedly forgotten Russian economists. The article also shows the need to continue Abalkin's research in this area of economic theory, the creative development of the scientific heritage of L.I. Abalkin.

Works and scientific merits of A.K. Storch (1766-1835) - the first Russian academician in the field of political economy and statistics

The article continues the series of publications dedicated to the three-hundredth anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the fruitful cooperation of the Academy with the Free Economic Society of Russia. The article shows the path of A. Storch to an honorary academic title, tells about his multifaceted activities at the Academy. The encyclopedic nature of his knowledge and high moral qualities are noted. It is emphasized that twenty years of activity of the academician as a teacher and mentor of the children of the imperial family, daughters and sons of Paul Ist played an important role in the creation of the main scientific work of A. Storch «The Course of Political Economy, or an exposition of the principles that determine the well-being of the people» in six volumes. The priority positions of the academician in political economy, which still retain their relevance, are especially considered, primarily in his doctrine of internal benefits and civilization.

Preface

22nd International Scientific Conference Reshetnev Readings-2018 (11–15 November 2018) Preface to 22nd edition of Reshetnev Readings Conference Proceedings The Russian Academician Mikhail Reshetnev (1924–1996) is one of the pioneers of the Soviet space program. His contributions were especially important to Soviet (later, Russian) satellite communication and navigation systems. As a sign of gratitude for Reshetnev’s achievements, two institutions – our University and a satellite manufacturing company were named in his honor. 2018 is the 22nd time that the University has organized a scientific conference in memory of Academician Reshetnev.Prior to 2017, the University was named Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University. After it merged with the Siberian University of Technology in 2016, its name was changed to Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, or Reshetnev University. 2017 is, therefore, the first time that the University is holding the Conference in a new status. While the traditions sections of the Conference with the fields of aerospace technology and engineering, computer science and telecommunication systems remain as the nucleus of the Conference, new sections, including a significantly developed section or workshop on Materials Science and Engineering have been added. The scope of the section has been broadened, adding new areas of research such as forestry products and biomaterials in engineering, solid-state physics, composite materials, polymers, and other areas related to the science of developing and producing new materials. The Conference is traditionally held in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk. Over 200 participants annually take part in the Conference, making it one of the largest scientific events in the city.In 2018, the topic of the Conference was expanded to house a growing demand for research reports in the field of Earth and environmental studies. The majority of these topics are related to remote sensing, geographical information systems, environmental issues, and ecology.The Conference is multidisciplinary. However, the topics of the reports should be relevant to engineering and industry.Pr. Yurii LoginovVice Rector for Science and Research Reshetnev University

Патриотическое воспитание учащейся молодежи на примере жизнедеятельности выдающихся российских ученых-физиков

The article presents the material showing how to organize Patriotic education of schoolchildren and university students on the example of actions and statements made by Russian and Soviet physicists. The facts testifying numerous Physicists’ deep love for Russia – their homeland – are brought about. Consideration of the topic begins with the activities of the first Russian academician M. V. Lomonosov, which is a vivid example of the scientist-patriot’s love for the Motherland. Similar facts from the life and scholarly endeavor of Russian electrical engineers V. V. Petrov, P. L. Schilling, electrical engineersinventors B. S. Jacobi, E. H. Lenz are given. The historical facts testifying the true service to the Motherland by a number of other physicists, including Zh. I. Alferov – a Nobel laureate, known throughout the scientific community for his work in the field of modern physics.

21st International Scientific Conference Reshetnev Readings-2017

21st International Scientific Conference Reshetnev Readings-2017 (8–11 November 2017)Preface to 21st edition of Reshetnev Readings Conference Proceedings.The Russian Academician Mikhail Reshetnev (1924-1996) is one of the pioneers of the Soviet space program. His contributions were especially important to Soviet (later, Russian) satellite communication and navigation systems. As a sign of gratitude for Reshetnev’s achievements, two institutions - our University and a satellite manufacturing company were named in his honor.2017 is the 21st time that the University has organized a scientific conference in memory of Academician Reshetnev. Prior to 2017, the University was named Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University. After it merged with the Siberian University of Technology in 2016, its name was changed to Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, or Reshetnev University.2017 is, therefore, the first time that the University is holding the Conference in a new status.While the traditions sections of the Conference with the fields of aerospace technology and engineering, computer science and telecommunication systems remain as the nucleus of the Conference, new sections, including a significantly developed section or workshop on Materials Science and Engineering have been added. The scope of the section has been broadened, adding new areas of research such as forestry products and biomaterials in engineering, solid-state physics, composite materials, polymers, and other areas related to the science of developing and producing new materials.The Conference is traditionally held in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk. Over 200 participants annually take part in the Conference, making it one of the largest scientific event in the city. The Conference is multidisciplinary. However, the topics of the reports should be relevant to engineering and industry.Pr. Yurii Loginov,Vice Rector for Science and ResearchReshetnev University

THE PROPHET IN HIS HOMELAND

For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The author suggests an essay on the biography of Russian academician Vasily Petrov. For more than half a century, some preferred not to be reminiscent of the name of the discoverer of the electric arc, others thought it shameful to to eulogize an academician-commoner, who had not even recognized the priority of foreign scientists in Russian science. Only a happy occasion gave impetus to restoration of historical justice - and today Vasily Petrov is revered as the founder of domestic electrical engineering. Keywords: electrical engineering, Vasily Petrov, electric arc, battery, galvanic-voltaic experiments, luminescence, history.

Учитель для будущего: язык, культура, личность

This article sums up the results of the international scientific-practical conference «Teacher for the Future: Language, Culture, Personality», devoted to the 200th anniversary of F.I. Buslayev, an outstanding Russian scholar, linguist, academician and educationalist. Held in the MPSU, the conference brought together academics, scholars and researchers, university professors and school teachers, post-graduates, masters, bachelors and students to consider some topical issues of the Russian language teaching methods.

United Nations Observer Mission and ECOMOG Intervention in Liberia’s Peace Process

The Liberian civil war which began in 1989 exhibited all the manifestations and consequences of post cold-war intra-state conflict, state collapse, ethnic conflicts and political fragmentations. The late response of the United Nations at intervening in the impasse adds a new dimension when studying the Liberian question. Therefore, this article critically examines the peacekeeping efforts and role played by the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) and Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) during the war. The author pays particular attention to the collaboration efforts of the UNOMIL and ECOMOG in restoring peace and stability in Liberia. The article provides a historical background of the Liberian civil war which led to the deployment of the UNOMIL and ECOMOG highlighting the successes and failures of the UN and ECOWAS contingents as regards the rivalry that existed between the UNOMIL and the ECOMOG peacekeeping force in Liberia in the process of restoring peace and stability in the country. In exploring the ineffective international response in the Liberian crisis and the challenges ECOMOG faced in restoring a semblance of peace in the country, the author analyzes the views of various scholars on the subject as well as those of some participants and victims of the war granted in interviews after the war. A case study and concrete historical method is used in this study as well as reliance on interviews to study the various ramifications of the UNOMIL and ECOMOG interventions and the aftermath of the conflict. The paper concludes after a thorough and tentative research on the subject matter that the UNOMIL and ECOMOG deployment and intervention in Liberia’s civil war and the human rights abuses and the humanitarian assistance were during the conflict, in which some successes were recorded in the humanitarian arena largely due to ECOMOG’s ability to restore a semblance of order and peace which allowed international humanitarian agencies to return to Liberia. The late political response of the UN to Liberia’s crisis which was not until October 1992 impeded the effectiveness of the international response in the Liberian crisis which propelled the pivotal role that regional organizations began to play in keeping peace and ensuring security and stability on the Continent. The plethora of scientific work and publications by scholars on the Liberian question, including those of Russian academicians is indicative of the relevance of the study especially as it pertains the lessons learned from the successes and failures of the various attempts at peacekeeping in Liberia.