Rural Resource Management Research Articles

Innovations of Rural Areas as a Necessity of Green Economy and Sustainable Development

Abstract Increasing the competitiveness of agricultural products, sustainable management of rural resources, and demographic aspects of rural development are issues that unite both science and practice in thinking. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by data on the increase in population and demand for food, as well as changes in consumption habits of agricultural products. Research highlights the importance of applying the principles of the green economy using the example of plum production and marketing in the Republic of Serbia. Observing the average rate of fluctuation and the coefficient of variation of plum production around the calculated average value, we notice an uncertain market placement. The importance of the demographic picture of villages due to changes in rural population is depicted through the constant decrease in the agricultural population in the Republic of Serbia. The process of joining the European Union further emphasizes the importance of the green economy and sustainable development as priority areas for Serbia. Accession to the EU obliges the country to align with European standards, including those related to environmental protection and sustainable development. Thus, sustainable development represents a link between economic policy and environmental protection processes. The process of implementing the green economy in the agricultural sector in Serbia requires an active role of the state, regulatory framework, and support from international partners. Institutional support is the basis for successful implementation of efficient solutions. Additionally, it is important to promote innovation, short marketing channels, and knowledge exchange. Concrete measures involve organizing advisory services, training farmers through the modernization of agricultural holdings.

An Assisted Community Based Implementation of RA 9003 (ACBI RA 9003): The Baranggay Naisud, Experience.

In the Philippines, higher-education institutions like Aklan State University (ASU) are empowered to implement community programs that bring inclusive human and community development. The ASU, College of Hospitality and Rural Resources Management (CHARRM), Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science (BSES) implemented an extension program titled “Enhancement of Community-based Implementation of RA 9003: Ecological solid Waste Management of 2000.” Thus, this study examined the influence of the extension activity to the partner community. Specifically, the study seeks to: describe the perceived influence of the assisted community-based implementation of RA 9003 to the household-based waste management practices; ascertain the perceived influence of the extension activity to the school based waste management practices; identify the perceived influence of the extension activity to the community; and describe the recommendations of the partners to improve the delivery of the activity. Descriptive research design was employed in the study. The respondents of the study were 120 residents, selected through purposive sampling technique. The data were gathered using a validated questionnaire checklist at Naisud, Ibajay Aklan from August to October 2021. The results revealed that majority of the respondents claimed that the activity enabled the household to reduce waste generated and practice recycling. In terms of its influence to the school-based waste management practices, majority of the respondents agreed that school personnel and students were engaged in the implementation of RA 9003. Likewise, the community strictly prohibited the open burning of garbage. The LGU may sustain the good practices by strictly monitoring the compliance of the community to RA 9003. The BSES may duplicate the activity to other barangays that include the recommendations made by the community. Consequently, to better understand the implication of the activity, further study along this line is recommended.

Pemberdayaan Ibu Rumah Tangga melalui Tanaman Kangkung Guna Menciptakan Usaha Rumahan untuk Meningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga di Desa Tugu Kecamatan Mantup

The conditions in the field show that so far the utilization and management of rural resources is mostly done by men, starting from activities in agriculture, animal husbandry, small and medium industries, cooperatives, and other activities that are economic in nature. In fact, in society, women also have the right to use or manage existing resources in the village, although not completely like men. Therefore, it is necessary to have various activities that can be implemented for women in order to improve the family economy by utilizing and managing the surrounding environment. One of the programs that can be implemented by women in an effort to improve the family's economy, especially in the food sector is the Vegetable Plant Utilization (KANGKUNG) program. The purpose of this service is to improve the family's economy through an empowerment program for housewives in processing kale that is practical and minimalist in its manufacture. the method used is the ABCD method. So that the community can take advantage of existing assets in the surrounding environment to improve the family economy. In practice, how to process kangkung plants so that they become snacks and healthy. In its implementation there are several stages, namely analyzing problems, preparing program planning, program implementation and program evaluation. So the result of the mentoring program is that it has a significant impact on the community.

Design of Rural Human Resource Management Platform Integrating IoT and Cloud Computing.

With the advent of the Internet of Things era, these hot technologies such as distributed, parallel computing, network storage, and load balancing can provide a good application foundation for the Internet of Things, enabling real-time dynamic management and intelligent analysis of hundreds of millions of items in the Internet of Things to be possible. The Internet of Things has changed from a concept to a reality, quickly reaching every corner of society. On the other hand, with the enhancement of the mobility of social talents, the file management of the talent service center is becoming more and more difficult. However, the traditional management methods of human resources files have problems such as poor resource sharing, asymmetric resources, and heterogeneous information sharing, which can no longer meet the needs of both the supply and demand sides of human resources with diversified and multiple organizational structures. Cloud computing technology has powerful data collection functions, self-service functions, and unified resource scheduling functions. Introducing it into the human resources file management system can greatly improve management efficiency. In order to carry out information management of rural human resources, this paper develops a rural human resources management system based on the Internet of Things. This paper introduces the design scheme of rural human resource management platform based on Internet of Things technology and cloud computing technology. The design of this system mainly includes organization setting, post planning, personnel management, salary management, insurance benefits, recruitment and selection, training management, performance appraisal management, labor contract management, comprehensive inquiry, rules and regulations, employee self-help, system setting, and system management function modules. The research results show that the rural human resource management system based on cloud computing can provide a complete human resource management solution for the vast rural areas. It can only purchase services, save a lot of development and maintenance costs, and also customize functions, so as to better meet the needs of use.

Cultivation of new professional farmers: an experience introduction to rural human resource management in China

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to summarize the experience of China’s rural human resource management through the introduction of the training process of new professional farmers in China, and to provide some experience and reference for developing countries to carry out farmer training and optimize the structure of human resources.
 Results. The study results show that new professional farmer training is an essential experience in China’s rural human resource management. The Chinese government attaches great importance to the whole process of training new professional farmers. In the process of cultivating new-type professional farmers, China has carried out the cultivation work from four aspects, namely, determining the best cultivation target, selecting the appropriate investment entity, constructing a reasonable cultivation model and formulating preferential support policies. It has achieved remarkable results in improving the quality of rural human resources and optimizing the structure of rural human resources.
 Scientific novelty. There is a lot of literature describing the experience of human resource management in rural China. Still, few scholars pay attention to the training process and model of new professional farmers, so the innovation of this study is the novelty of the selected topic.
 Practical value. This research is of great significance for improving the skill level of rural human resources, increasing farmers’ income, consolidating the basic status of agriculture, and promoting rural economic development. In addition, it also has certain literature value for enriching the theory of rural human capital investment.

Research status of rural human resource management in China：based on citespace's quantitative analysis

Research status of rural human resource management in China：based on citespace's quantitative analysis

Socio-economic and Bio-physical Resources Characterization of ‘Warja’ Watershed in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District, East Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Watershed development is an important component of rural development and natural resource management strategies in many countries. The study was conducted to investigate the current situation of Warja watershed for further improvements to promote Sustainable and productive livelihood through the integration of different watershed components in participatory approach. Household interview and biophysical resources assessment followed by watershed mapping techniques were used for the data collection. Purposive sampling methods were used to select 63 households and Warja watershed boundary was delineated and its map was developed based on the preliminary outlet identified with the help of GPS reading. Descriptive statistics and diversity indices were used for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that Agriculture was the principal occupation (98.4%) of the population of Warja watershed. The average farmland size was 1.9 hectares while 25% of the households have farmland ranging from 0.25 to 1 hectare. The minimum and maximum family size of the sample farm households was 2 and 16 respectively. The common types of off-farm income generating activities are petty trade and working as daily labor. Slope gradient of Warja watershed ranges from 0 to more than 30 and the slope gradient of 2-5 and 5-10 cover the greatest in area coverage representing 204ha and 145ha respectively. Soil laboratory analysis result showed that sandy loam was the major soil type of Warja watershed. Overall results concluded that land degradation and biodiversity loss were a serious concern and watershed management programs could be strengthened. Awareness creation and strengthening capacity of rural communities on integrating crops, livestock and natural resource management technologies for effective soil and water conservation measure should be enhanced through participatory integrated watershed management approach.

The Transitions of Biological Resources Use and Land Use in the 1950s and Later in Shitaru, Tsushima City, Nagasaki Prefecture

To examine relationship between biological resources and rural landscape use from the 1950s to 2016, we interviewed local people in Shitaru, Tsushima city, Nagasaki prefecture. As for biological resources, we found that the number of species used by the locals became less than half in 2016 compared to 1950s, but the locals still used those species for various purposes in their life. The utilization areas by the locals were only near their village in the 1950s; however, these areas expanded in 2016 because it became harder to gain some biological resources in their village and the population of having a car increased. In the seashore, resources use had no significant changes. The quantity of resources has been reduced because of depopulation, especially resources for food. On the other hand, the locals attitude on effective resources use has not changed. The cultural and habitual biological resources use was especially important for the locals. The continuity of biological resources use possibly depended on quality and accessibility of resources, and the change of utilization style might lead to the lack of management awareness of the locals. We suggested that it is necessary to evaluate influence of the utilization style change on forest ecosystem in order to consider rural resources management.

Sustainable livelihood approach towards enhanced management of rural resources

This research utilises the sustainable livelihood approach to evaluate the livelihood assets and resources and identify key challenges and development opportunities in a village in Southern Lebanon. Primary data using quantitative (structured questionnaire) and qualitative (semi-structured interview) methods were collected. The findings highlight the weak resource management and monitoring of various aspects. The factors influencing the village's livelihoods include constraints in water quantity and water quality monitoring, communication and micro-macro links, as well as the allocation of financial resources. The utilisation of the sustainable livelihood approach resulted in developing a practical action plan and a set of management strategies for the enhancement of the village's livelihood based on detailed local knowledge and community input. The significance of this research lies in defining and prioritising factors influencing rural livelihoods and typical relationships among them in real life situations. It focuses on quantitative and qualitative variables and provides evidence-based interventions.

Research on Chinese Rural Human Resources Development and Management under the New Situation to Strengthen

Over the years, the "three rural" issue much attention to the Chinese Government and people of the world. 18th CCP Congress report clearly stated: to solve the problems of agriculture and rural farmers are the most important party work. Way to solve the "three rural" issue a lot, but I believe that strengthening Chinese rural human resources development and management in the new situation is a fundamental way. The core of efforts to increase rural intellectual development, the key is to focus on training rural leaders, there is a system innovation.

Fragmentation, Cooperation and Power: Institutional Dynamics in Natural Resource Governance in North-Western Namibia

Contemporary theoretical accounts of common pool resource management assume that communities are able to develop institutions for sustainable resource management if they are given security of access and appropriate rights of management. In recent years comprehensive legal reforms of communal rural resource management in Namibia have sought to create an institutional framework linking the sustainable use of natural resources (game, water, forest) and rural development. The state, however, ceded rights to rural communities in an ambiguous and fragmented manner, creating a number of instances of overlapping property rights and different legal conditions for different natural resources. Nowadays communities grapple with the challenge of developing institutions for these resource-centered “new commons”. This paper describes the process of local institutional development, focusing on the challenges arising from the necessity to define group boundaries, the issues arising from monitoring and sanctioning within newly defined institutions, and the ideological underpinnings of different trajectories of communal resource management.

Rural geography II

A dominant discourse in contemporary rural debate relates to food. Deliberated in multiple and complex ways, the conversation vacillates between issues of food sustainability, security, type and provenance, to those of food scarcity, access and safety. Further compounding this complexity, food is equally central to discourses of energy, climate change, biofuels, production patterns, land use and a ‘21st-century land rush’. The use and management of rural resources consequently finds itself near the top of current political, social, economic and environmental agendas. However, while there have been limited contributions by rural geographers on food-related issues, there is no doubting that the oft-declared challenge of providing safe and secure food supplies, and feeding a growing world population, has witnessed increased vigour of engagement. This report explores this engagement, deliberating on the promotion of a ‘new productivism’, the endorsement of the role of GMOs (genetically modified organisms) in securing food supplies, the escalation of global land grabs, and the subsequent impacts on sustainable rural futures.

Field survey method and application of rural land management parcel

Accurate parcel space information at the farm household scale constitutes the basis and key of land intensive use,land survey and land transfer. In order to solve the land boundary survey problem commonly existent in recent researches,this paper elaborated field survey methods of rural land management parcel at the farm household scale and pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of various methods such as conventional surveying and mapping instruments survey,GPS- RTK survey,mobile GIS survey and remote sensing drawing survey. The application mode of parcel survey method was specifically analyzed by experiments and demonstration research conducted in Damiaoyu Village. Several aspects that deserve attention such as purpose and use,accuracy and cost, database construction and update,application and popularization in parcel survey were also discussed. The research results can afford a technical approach to related researches on rural land issues and also provide a reference for information development of rural land resource management decision- making.

Structuring institutional analysis for urban ecosystems: A key to sustainable urban forest management

A decline in urban forest structure and function in the United States jeopardizes the current focus on developing sustainable cities. A number of social dilemmas—for example, free-rider problems—restrict the sustainable production of ecosystem services and the stock of urban trees from which they flow. However, institutions, or the rules, norms, and strategies that affect human decision-making, resolve many such social dilemmas, and thus, institutional analysis is imperative for understanding urban forest management outcomes. Unfortunately, we find that the definition of institutions varies greatly across and within disciplines, and conceptual frameworks in urban forest management and urban ecosystems research often embed institutions as minor variables. Given the significance of institutional analysis to understanding sustainable rural resource management, this paper attempts to bring clarity to defining, conceptually framing, and operationally analyzing institutions in urban settings with a specific focus on sustainable urban forest management. We conclude that urban ecologists and urban forest management researchers could benefit from applying a working definition of institutions that uniquely defines rules, norms, and strategies, by recognizing the nested nature of operational, collective choice, and constitutional institutions, and by applying the Institutional Analysis and Development framework for analysis of urban social-ecological systems (SESs). Such work promises to spur the desired policy-based research agenda of urban forestry and urban ecology and provide cross-disciplinary fertilization of institutional analysis between rural SESs and urban ecosystems.

Learning from past mistakes: The rural reconstruction commission’s use of history in Australian public policy making during the 1940s

Australia’s Rural Reconstruction Commission was established as a key element in its preparations for post-war reconstruction policy making. During the 1940s, the Commission undertook the most comprehensive inquiry ever conducted into Australia’s rural sector, publishing ten reports containing 330 recommendations on rural production and resource management, rural commodity marketing and rural lifestyles (Whitford & Boadle, 2008). In contrast with earlier writing about the Commission, the present article focuses on the Commission’s process to examine its extensive and wide ranging use of historical analysis to shape recommendations for public policy making. Findings reveal the Rural Reconstruction Commission’s venture serves both as a model of the usefulness in ‘applied history’ for providing guidance for the restructuring of Australian rural industries and demonstrates how history can be used to identify past mistakes in a rigorous, nonjudgemental fashion. In concluding, we argue no subsequent Australian inquiry has drawn so extensively on history or used it so explicitly in public policy making to date.

Cooperating to Survive?:Farmers’ Cooperation and Sustainable Management of Rural Common Property Resources in South India

Cooperating to Survive?:Farmers’ Cooperation and Sustainable Management of Rural Common Property Resources in South India

Polycentric networks and resilience in urban systems: A comparison of Baltimore and Seattle

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that successful resource management requires collaboration among many groups. While most research has been conducted on rural resource management, collaborative management is now recognized as an important strategy in densely settled urban areas. Cities generally consist of many fragmented land parcels under different types of use and ownership, which produces a large and diverse group of stakeholders with an interest in resource management decisions. Past research has shown that 1) natural resource stewardship organizations play an important role in both managing natural resources and building social capital; 2) successful outcomes often rely on effective collaborations through organizational networks; 3) there are different types of network structures; and 4) the effectiveness of a network can depend on its structure. However, missing from the field is empirical research analyzing how natural resource stewardship networks impact social and ecological outcomes, both spatially and temporally.Building on pioneering work on urban environmental groups in New York City and developing efforts in Chicago, this research will assess the stewardship networks in Seattle and Baltimore. More specifically, it will examine whether the network structure affects social and ecological outcomes; and conversely, whether variation in social and ecological conditions affects the resulting social network. Through a mixed methodological approach employing interviews, organizational surveys, spatial mapping, and social network analysis, this research examines:• What network relationships exist between environmental stewardship groups in Baltimore? In Seattle?• What is the spatial structure of these stewardship networks?• Does network structure affect social and ecological outcomes?• Does variation in social and ecological conditions predict the resulting network?• How do the stewardship networks in Baltimore and Seattle compare?Results from this study will contribute to the growing body of research on polycentric governance networks. The need for longitudinal and comparative studies in this area is evident, as many cities are looking to adaptive management strategies to respond to the needs of an rapidly changing population and landscape. In Baltimore, this data can be compared to organizational network data collected 10 years ago. In Seattle, the study will establish baseline network data, which provides a foundation for future studies. Similarities and differences between cities may provide implications for whether environmental stewardship programs and other sustainability initiatives can be applied from one city to another.

Coliform status of water bodies from two districts in Ghana, west Africa: implications for rural water resources management

Investigations were conducted on the total and faecal coliform status of streams, hand-dug wells and boreholes highly patronised by communities in the West Akim and Kwaebibirem Districts, Eastern Ghana. Total coliform values obtained range from 60–2,672 cfu, 0–680 cfu and 0–128 cfu for streams, hand-dug wells and boreholes, respectively. Faecal coliform values similarly range from 31–1,988 cfu, 0–136 cfu and 0–36 cfu for streams, hand-dugs and boreholes, respectively. The data indicates that samples from streams and hand-dug wells returned high coliform counts beyond the Maximum Permissible Levels (MPL) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Some borehole water contained coliform counts above MPL. Because many rural people in the areas studied, and indeed in most areas in Ghana, depend heavily on these principal sources of water for drinking and other domestic purposes, a policy response that incorporates periodic assessment of water quality in rural communities may be appropriate. In addition, it would seem that current government and development partner programmes in the water resources sector that emphasise provision of borehole water must be integrated with land use considerations, water quality monitoring and education on environmental awareness in local communities.

Natural Resource-based Economies and Rural Sustainability

We have launched a new research and education project at Hitotsubashi University on ‘Natural Resource-based Economies (NRE)’ sponsored by the Norinchukin Bank scince the fiscal year of 2009. The project name is ‘Policy Research for Sustainable Development of the Natural Resource-based Industries and Communities’. In the project we propose to understand so-called ‘primary industries’ such as agriculture and rural communities which are mainly dependent on ‘primary industries’ as the most important one of NRE. The NRE are supported by various kinds of the natural ecosystem services. According to the above theoretical framework of NER concept, this article examines three basic issues ( 1) the issue of policy priority for agriculture and rural communities, 2) the issue of agricultural land use and management of rural resources, 3) the issue of human resources and their capacity building for agriculture and rural communities) in focussing the recent situation of Japan in order to secure the rural sustainability in the 21th century.

集落組織の経験と特性が農地・水・環境保全向上対策の実施に及ぼす影響―滋賀県「農村まるごと保全向上対策」実施４２集落を対象とした調査をもとに―

There are growing concerns among governments both local and central on the role of local communities in policy implementations and public works projects. In this study, we tried to identify what aspects of local communities would enhance Agricultural and Rural Development Projects implemented by governments. Using agricultural and rural resource management project as a case study, questionnaire survey was employed to identify the relation between project performance and communities with abundant experiences and high engagement in community activities. Our analyses clarified that the importance of developing communities' experiences of project involvement to effectively cope with new programs.