Rural Residential Land Research Articles

A Study of the Mechanisms of Government Embedment and Organizational Environment Related to Supervisory Effectiveness in the Collective Governance of Rural Residential Land

Rural Residential Land is a kind of public pond resource, and the implementation of the collective governance of Rural Residential Land is a response to the dilemma of utilizing the land. This paper takes the attribute of using Rural Residential Land as a public pond resource as an entry point, draws on Autonomous Governance Theory, and utilizes the OLS model and the mediated effect model to explore the influence of Government Embedment on supervisory effectiveness in the collective governance of Rural Residential Land, based on the fieldwork data of 450 farming households in three districts (cities and counties) in Sichuan Province. This study shows that Government Embedment, the Technological Environment and the Cultural Environment can significantly enhance supervisory effectiveness in the collective governance of Rural Residential Land, while the Resource Environment has a negative effect on it. The Resource Environment has a masking effect on the influence of Government Embedment on supervisory effectiveness in the collective governance of Rural Residential Land, while the Technological Environment and the Cultural Environment play a part in the mediating effect. The anonymous whistleblowing mechanism positively moderates the influence of the Technological and Cultural Environments on supervisory effectiveness. Additionally, there is obvious locational heterogeneity in the influence of Government Embedment and the Organizational Environment on supervisory effectiveness. Therefore, a coordinated supervision and sanctioning mechanism should be constructed in towns and villages to promote the integration and complementarity of formal and informal systems; a sound mechanism for anonymous reporting of illegal and irregular use of Rural Residential Land should be established; and the effective implementation of the collective governance of Rural Residential Land should be promoted in accordance with the differences in the location of the villages.

Reciprocal regulation between rural settlement expansion and human-elephant conflict in China's wild elephant range

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) and its socioeconomic impacts are a pressing global issue. Accurately quantifying HWCs and their interaction with residential development is crucial for rural revitalization and biodiversity conservation efforts. This study investigates the interplay between rural residential expansion (RRE) with human-elephant conflict (HEC) in southern Yunnan Province using high-accuracy yearly land use/land cover data and Asian elephant accident data. A piecewise regression along with several metrics, including expansion intensity and rate of rural residential land, and residential density, were employed to analyze the spatial-temporal change characteristics of RRE. Then, a geographical detector and a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model were used to reveal the driving mechanisms of RRE, with particular emphasis on the spatial relations between RRE and HECs. The results indicate that HECs had a significant negative impact on RRE, exhibiting higher expansion intensity and rate of rural residential land in non-HEC areas than in HEC areas. High spatiotemporal consistency between accelerated RRE and intensified HECs occurred from 2010 onwards, which aligns with the year when the trend of settlement area expansion changed. RRE activities and ensuing land use conversions led to increased occurrences of HECs, which negatively affected the RRE. Compared to HECs, topography and locational factors exhibited a secondary effect on RRE activities. The findings underscore reciprocal feedback mechanisms between RRE and HECs and the elevated risk of adverse interactions between humans and elephants within the range of China's wild elephants, providing theoretical support for coordinating conservation initiatives for Asian elephants with rural revitalization in the border areas of Southwest China.

The performance evaluation of homestead exit under the background of rural revitalization

The reform of rural residential land system was piloted in 2015. Then, the scope of the pilot was expanded in 2020. An important part of the reform of the homestead system is the homestead exit, which is also a basic and important front-end link in the reform of the homestead system. In this study, the four pilot area: Pengshan District, Ziyang City, Cuiping District and Luxian District, which are close to Chengdu City of Sichuan Province, were investigated and questionnaires were distributed to the farmers. Based on the research data, from the perspective of farmers, this study selects indicators from three aspects including economic benefits, social benefits and living environment to make sub-objective evaluation and comprehensive evaluation of homestead exit performance. In the calculation process, the entropy weight method is used to calculate the weight of each index and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the performance score. The research results show that the comprehensive performance of homestead exit in the surveyed areas is “good”, and the performance evaluation results are “average”, “good” and “good” respectively from the three aspects of economic benefits, social benefits and living environment.

An Investigation into the Mechanism of Government Embedment and Organizational Environment Influencing Farmers’ Credible Commitment in Regard to the Collective Governance of Rural Residential Land

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of Government Embedment and Organizational Environment on farmers’ Credible Commitment in regard to the Collective Governance of Rural Residential Land and to inform decision-making processes that promote farmers’ compliance with Rural Residential Land management regulations and enhance the effectiveness of the Collective Governance of Rural Residential Land. The research employs various models, including Oprobit, Ologit, IV-2SLS, and moderated mediation. The research results show that (1) both Government Embedment and the Cultural Environment within the Organizational Context significantly enhance Farmers’ Credible Commitment in regard to the Collective Governance of Rural Residential Land. Notably, the quality of the Cultural Environment, when improved by Government Embedment, boosts this commitment further. (2) Endogeneity issues can lead to an overestimation of the effects of these factors. (3) Punishment intensity only positively moderates the impact of the Cultural Environment on Farmers’ Credible Commitment. (4) The moderating effect of punishment intensity correlates positively with its strength, exhibiting a threshold value. In conclusion, our research underscores the need to establish a robust regulatory framework for Rural Residential Land use, foster a conducive village cultural atmosphere, and consistently enhance the punishment intensity for illegal Rural Residential Land use. These measures will encourage farmers to adhere to Credible Commitment in regard to Rural Residential Land use, thereby facilitating the effective implementation of Collective Governance over Rural Residential Land.

Impact of land-use change on ecological vulnerability in the Yellow River Basin based on a complex network model

The Yellow River Basin in China, which is characterized by significant soil erosion and arid to semi-arid conditions, has experienced severe ecological issues due to prolonged excessive development and land-use changes. Studies on ecosystem vulnerability have become a major basis for supporting the sustainable and healthy development of watershed ecosystems. Based on the land-use data of 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, this study used a complex network model to identify the key types of land-use transformation in the Yellow River Basin. The cascade failure model was used to evaluate the impact of land-use transformation on ecological vulnerability in the Yellow River Basin of China. The land-use changes in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020 exhibit significant heterogeneity in both quantity and direction. Among them, the total area of agricultural land showed a downward trend as a whole, and the area rebounded slightly from 2000 to 2015. The growth trend of construction land area is obvious, with a year-on-year increase of 46.81 % in 20 years. Through network identification, we found that ecological land types such as forest, grassland, and dryland are the primary factors contributing to land area outflow. Conversely, artificial land types including urban land, rural residential land, and other built-up land predominantly serve as factors for land area inflow. The Yellow River Basin experiences frequent land-use transitions, resulting in the poor stability of the land transfer network. However, the study reveals that the ecosystem service value increases as the areas of paddy fields, dryland, urban land, rural residential land, and bare land decrease; this trend contributes to mitigating ecological vulnerability. To ensure the overall stability of the ecosystem and implement healthy and sustainable development, the maximum reduction in the areas of dryland, forest, paddy, and grass should be limited to 40 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 50 %, respectively, in future planning and design processes. In conclusion, the land-use transformation in the Yellow River Basin of China has profound implications for ecological vulnerability. The research findings can provide valuable references for future ecological research on areas facing similar challenges in protecting ecological fragility.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Transformation Regulation Strategies of Rural Residential Land on the Grand Canal (China)

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Transformation Regulation Strategies of Rural Residential Land on the Grand Canal (China)

Horse populations are severely underestimated in a region at risk of Hendra virus spillover.

To identify the size and distribution of the horse population in the Northern Rivers Region of NSW, including changes from 2007 to 2021, to better understand populations at risk of Hendra virus transmission. Census data from the 2007 Equine Influenza (EI) outbreak were compared with data collected annually by New South Wales Local Land Services (LLS) (2011-2021), and with field observations via road line transects (2021). The horse populations reported to LLS in 2011 (3000 horses; 0.77 horses/km2) was 145% larger than that reported during the EI outbreak in 2007 (1225 horses; 0.32 horses/km2). This was inconsistent with the 6% increase in horses recorded from 2011 to 2020 within the longitudinal LLS dataset. Linear modelling suggested the true horse population of this region in 2007 was at least double that reported at the time. Distance sampling in 2021 estimated the region's population at 10,185 horses (3.89 per km2; 95% CI = 4854-21,372). Field sampling and modelling identified higher horse densities in rural cropland, with the percentage of conservation land, modified grazing, and rural residential land identified as the best predictors of horse densities. Data from the 2007 EI outbreak no longer correlates to the current horse population in size or distribution and was likely not a true representation at the time. Current LLS data also likely underestimates horse populations. Ongoing efforts to further quantify and map horse populations in Australia are important for estimating and managing the risk of equine zoonoses.

Scenario Analysis of Carbon Emission Changes Resulting from a Rural Residential Land Decrement Strategy: A Case Study in China

Greening the unused or inefficient land surface is of vital importance to increase the carbon pool in environmentally fragile but depopulated rural areas. A proactive land-use strategy, rural residential land decrement (RRLD), is triggered by rural land abandonment and can contribute to greening the land surface. A RRLD can be designed and implemented according to the specific regulations and rules and linked to regional environmental change. However, the carbon consequences of implementing multi-scenario RRLDs remain unknown. Thus, this study exemplifies a rural county of China, proposes a framework that illustrates how spatial zoning, decision model, and prediction techniques jointly determine the RRLD, and accounts for the associated carbon emissions under three scenarios. The results demonstrate that half of the 2012.23 hectares of RRLs were recommended for conversion to farming or gardening use. Under the scenarios of agricultural priority, compact ecological priority, and complete ecological priority, the change of carbon emission capacity in one township could be up to 77.41 tCO2 yr−1, −172.32 tCO2 yr−1, and −209.07 tCO2 yr−1. The total change of Fang’s carbon budget ranged from −1179.91 tCO2 yr−1 (sequestration) to 461.53 tCO2 yr−1 (emission). The findings provide a practical paradigm for utilizing land-use strategies to improve the carbon-related environment.

Interactive relationship between rural residential land structure and function: Theoretical framework and application directions

Interactive relationship between rural residential land structure and function: Theoretical framework and application directions

Examining Regional Economic Expansion Through the Reduction and Absurdum Methodologies: A View of the Variations of Rural Construction in China and Internal Causes of Cultural Confidence

The correlation between regional economic development and the urbanization process has been the cause of the emergence of “village-in-the-city” or “urbanization villages.” To accurately detail the changes in “village-in-the-city”, the urbanization scheme persists in transforming the “village-in-the-city” into a threadiness of “urban-rural fringe” in this decade. This document uses these two terms. After the suggestions about the “Liang and Chen Plan” failed to be accepted, “village-in-city,” the geographical term has lasted for 70 years. Nowadays, China’s policy of collective ownership of rural residential land (which is not allowed to be listed for trading) but commercial development has led villagers to increase the floor area based on their own homes without authorization to increase rental income. The Government must demolish the illegal building to comply with land planning rules, sustain the city’s appearance and protection, and manage the transient population. The cycle caused cultural resources to be destroyed and traditional villages to disappear. From an anthropological perspective, this paper uses rural ecosystem services, involving artists, appreciating rural assets, and stimulating rural job opportunities through social responsibility, equity, and public welfare design. Advocating the Chinese Government encourage private investments in rural construction, raising villagers’ awareness of resources, providing multiple choices, empowering rural businesses, and increasing villagers’ income from their talent as part of rural progress to explore a path of innovation with Cultural Confidence for rural construction in contemporary China.

How Different Land Systems Lead to Discrepancy of Rural Population–Land Relationships: Case Study of Heilongjiang Province, China

There are two types of land systems in China: collective-owned and state-owned. Under both systems, differences in land ownership have led to different land-use and management systems, resulting in urban–rural dual structures under the jurisdiction of local governments and urban–rural unitary structures in reclamation areas of the state-owned land system. This has significantly changed the relationship between the rural population and land, which has been intensified by rapid urbanization and industrialization. Therefore, based on the rural population and remote sensing data, this study uses the Tapio decoupling model to determine the relationships between the rural population and residential land under different land systems. The main results indicate that the evolution of the rural population and residential land area under different land systems presents an obvious inverse relationship. From 1995 to 2020, under the jurisdiction of the local government, the land area and population of rural dwellers declined, with the decline in population being faster than that in residential areas. At the same time, the spatial agglomeration of residential areas from the middle to the south of the province expanded. In contrast, the population and residential land area showed significant reverse changes in state-owned domains. Rural residential land area declined, and the rural population increased, most notably in the eastern region. Furthermore, strong negative decoupling between the rural population and rural residential land was observed in areas under local government jurisdiction (accounting for 89.61%), meaning that the population declined while the living area increased, which is not conducive to increasing intensive land-use and productivity. Simultaneously, in state-owned domains, only 33.33% of the rural population and residential land areas presented the above-mentioned negative decoupling, with the remaining 66.67% being coordinated. After 2010, due to the socio-economic gap, the proportion of coordination in local government jurisdiction areas continued to decrease, whereas coordination in reclamation areas remained stable. Therefore, the data suggest that a single land allocation and governance regime across urban and rural domains under the state-owned land system is more helpful in enabling populations and efficient land-use. This suggests that, in the future, it will be helpful to consider promoting the effective integration of urban and rural land markets, optimizing the allocation of urban and rural land resources, and enhancing the reform of the rural land system in order to realize synergistic interactions between the urban and rural populations and construction land in Heilongjiang Province.

A framework for identifying the distribution of revitalization potential of idle rural residential land under rural revitalization

Idle rural residential land (IRRL) serves as a crucial resource for rural land utilization. Evaluating its potential for revitalization forms the foundational research in rural land consolidation. In the context of rural revitalization, quantitatively determining the potential to revitalize IRRL is a fundamental scientific investigation, requiring focus within the field of rural land sustainability research. In our study, we have developed a framework for identifying IRRL revitalization potential under rural revitalization, combining with the village development environment and self-characteristics of IRRL, and have proposed a classification method of IRRL revitalization types. Our results found a spatial mismatch between the IRRL revitalization potential and the external conditions of consolidation potential release. Compared with the IRRL consolidation potential based on spatial characteristics, the vitality of rural revitalization in Pinggu is small, which is manifested as low vitality of rural revitalization and surplus revitalization potential. Under rural revitalization, the IRRL revitalization potential in Pinggu is low. In the central agricultural and eastern semi-mountainous regions, IRRL plays a pivotal role in land reutilization within the context of rural revitalization. Moderate revitalization is the dominant revitalization type. The revitalization of IRRL in the central agricultural and eastern semi-mountainous regions plays a pivotal role in the reuse of residential land within rural revitalization. The prominent revitalization type is characterized as moderate revitalization. Considering the diversity of rural revitalization in Pinggu, the revitalization of IRRL should prioritize meeting a range of land usage needs within the rural revitalization context. Furthermore, it should capitalize on surplus potential through strategies like spatial transfer or retaining idle IRRL. Our research aims to foster a fresh perspective on the potential for revitalizing IRRL within the rural revitalization framework, emphasizing rural regional systems. This, in turn, can facilitate the harmonization of IRRL utilization with rural development, offering theoretical underpinning for human-land coordination and sustainable rural development in developing nations.

Differences in nonpoint source pollution load losses based on hydrological zone characteristics: a case study of the Shaying River Basin, China.

Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution loss is closely related to hydrological processes. Understanding the differences in NPS pollution load loss under hydrological processes is useful for the management and prevention of NPS pollution. In this paper, hydrological and water quality data from 2016 to 2018 and monitoring data of physical and chemical indicators in 1347 field soil samples in the Shaying River Basin (SYRB) were used to analyze spatiotemporal variations in NPS pollution using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and multifactor analysis of variance. The intensities and differences in NPS pollution losses for different soil types and land use patterns were evaluated under different hydrological zones. The annual rainfall in the SYRB decreased gradually from 1136.50 to 404.04mm, showing a significant zoning. Areas with high loss intensities were mainly distributed in areas with steep slopes and in the 800-1000mm rainfall zone. Cultivated land had the largest loss of NPS pollution, followed by forest land and rural residential land. Fluvo-aquic soil had the largest loss of NPS pollution, followed by cinnamon soil and lime concretion black soil. A nonlinear regression model was established for rainfall and the NPS pollution loss intensity and had a correlation coefficient of 0.60-0.99 at a 95% confidence level. Slope and rainfall were the main factors influencing the nitrogen and phosphorus losses. In the 800-1000mm rainfall zone, the soil background nitrogen and phosphorus load was also a major factor influencing the nitrogen and phosphorus loss intensities.

How risk perception and loss aversion affect farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads: Mediating role of policy identity

Government-guided withdrawal from rural homesteads is a sustainable solution to the problem of vacant rural residential land. Nonetheless, few studies have considered the influence of risk perception and loss aversion on farmers' decisions to withdraw from rural homesteads, and even fewer have investigated the role of policy identity. Using fieldwork-collected primary data and a lottery-choice experiment from a reform pilot area of southwestern China, this study aimed to provide a new focus for risk perception and loss aversion in farmers' intention to withdraw from rural homesteads through policy identity. According to our findings, only 45.30 % are willing to withdraw from their homesteads. Farmers typically perceive two to three categories of risks among residence risk, livelihood risk, security risk, and policy risk. Only 29.28 % of respondents report a low level of loss aversion, with the remainder reporting a moderate or high level. More than half demonstrate a high level of policy identity. Most notably, after dealing with endogeneity, risk perception has a negative impact on farmers' intention to withdraw from rural homesteads, whereas loss aversion has a positive impact. Policy identity has a positive influence on farmers' intention, partially mediating the negative path of risk perception and entirely mediating the positive path of loss aversion. Robust concluding remarks advocate for the improvement of farmers’ policy identity based on heterogeneous characteristics of risk perception and loss aversion, as well as a more individualized consideration of land withdrawal options.

A Comparative Analysis of the Interaction between Urban-Rural Construction Land Transition and Population Flow: Dominant and Recessive Perspectives

Population flow caused by rapid urbanization has driven the urban-rural construction land transition. A systematic recognition of their interaction is essential for achieving coordinated and sustainable urban-rural development. We chose Hangzhou, one of the most urbanized cities in China, as the study area to analyze this interaction from the perspectives of dominant morphology and recessive morphology during the period of 2010 to 2020. From the perspective of dominant morphology, a structured analysis method is applied to assess the variation in the internal components. A dynamic land utilization efficiency index is proposed and combined with an original static land utilization efficiency index to comprehensively portray a complete periodicity of urban-rural construction land transition and population flow from the perspective of recessive morphology. Results demonstrate that the path dependence of rural industrialization leads to a seemingly stagnant urban-rural construction land transition in Hangzhou. Meanwhile, the rapid increase in the demographic urbanization rate has been supported by the massive inflow of external migrants. Based on the more stringent dynamic land utilization efficiency index and the more comprehensive combination of static and dynamic indices, the moderate expansion of urban construction land increases the proportion of township-level units of the intensive land utilization pattern while, instead of population loss, the general non-intensive land utilization pattern in rural areas has been driven by the overexpansion of rural residential land.

The Non-Linear Relationship between the Number of Permanent Residents and the Willingness of Rural Residential Land Transfer: The Threshold Effect of per Capita Net Income

Promoting the transfer of rural residential land is paramount in enhancing the efficiency of its utilization. The willingness of farmers to transfer rural residential land is influenced by the number of permanent residents. Existing research has drawn different conclusions about the relationship between these two factors, but the differences have not been analyzed. This study is based on survey data collected from our field research in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, and utilizes the Probit model and threshold effect model to investigate the role of per capita net income in the relationship between the number of permanent residents and the willingness to transfer rural residential land. The results indicate: (1) There is a non-linear impact of the number of permanent residents on the willingness of farmers who are willing to live in rural areas to transfer to their rural residential land with an income threshold. There is a non-linear impact of the number of permanent residents on the willingness of farmers who are willing to live in city areas to transfer out of their rural residential land, with two income thresholds. By comparing with the actual situation, the size and order of the thresholds are scientifically established. (2) The transfer of rural residential land can serve as a supplementary solution to individual household applications for rural residential land, addressing China’s historical legacy issues concerning rural residential land. Considering these findings, policymakers should first actively promote the reform of the rural residential land system while ensuring safeguards for farmers and then work to increase the value of rural residential land. Additionally, they should implement differentiated policies to promote rural residential land transfer. This study can provide a valuable reference for effectively revitalizing idle rural residential land.

Regularity of rural settlement changes driven by rapid urbanization in North China over the three decades

The systematic decline of rural areas in the process of rapid urbanization has become a global trend, creating greater challenges for sustainable rural development. As the spatial projection of socio-economic development and living environment in rural areas, the continuous tracking of rural settlements (RUS) is crucial to quantify the imbalance of rural development. However, consistent information on RUS is highly needed but is quite deficient in current research. In this study, a cost-effective mapping model was proposed to produce an annual RUS dataset in the rapid urbanization region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) in North China during 1990–2020, and the temporal-spatial regularity of RUS changes was further analyzed. The location-based and the area-based comparison verified the effectiveness of our model, with a mean overall accuracy of 85% and a mean correlation value of 0.88, respectively. The total area of RUS in the BTH region increased by 2561 km2 from 1990 to 2020, while the average size of RUS remained stable after 2005. The annual change trends in RUS appeared with increasing and decreasing accounting for 76.33% and 23.67%, respectively. The centroids of RUS in Tianjin and Hebei have moved closer to Beijing, while those in Beijing have moved away from the former. Notably, we have identified 56.3% counties in the BTH region belong to the “Convex-I” change type in RUS. In general, our work can help to consistently quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of RUS in a cost-effective way, providing more explicit spatial information and continuous temporal information for rural residential land management.

Rural residential land expansion and its impacts on cultivated land in China between 1990 and 2020

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have largely promoted the transformation of urban and rural space. In recent years, rural residential land expansion (RRLE) has also become a significant problem for the progress of China’s rapid urbanization. The phenomenon of RRLE and its impact on cultivated land needs to be taken seriously. From a process perspective, this study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of RRLE under conditions of rapid urbanization and reveal its impacts on cultivated land. We analyzed the spatial pattern of cultivated land occupied by rural residential land and discuss the distribution characteristics under different factors. Our results show that: (1) the changing trend in RRLE between 1990 and 2020 ran counter to that of rural population. The problem of “decreasing population vs. increasing rural residential land” in rural China is significant. The spatial distribution of RRLE was dense in the east of the country and sparse in the west. Landscape metrics indicated that rural settlements still show irregular development; (2) the impacts of RRLE on the cultivated land system were significant. In general, these impacts were greater than those of urban expansion, and showed significant regional differences; (3) the cultivated land occupied by rural residential land was distributed mainly in city suburbs and areas of low elevation and slope, and were closely related to the direction of traffic flow. Based on these findings, some suggestions for optimizing the interrelations between population and rural residential land are proposed.

Evolution characteristics, drivers and trends of rural residential land in mountainous economic circle: A case study of Chengdu-Chongqing area, China

Spatial systematic competition definitely contributes to rural residential evolution. Rural residential land of mountainous economic circle is generally hard to govern due to the disturbances from natural factors and economic activities. This study established a framework and adopted Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), Geographical detector (Geo-detector) and Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) to examine the evolution characteristics, drivers and trends of rural residential land of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle(CCEC). Our research uncovered that: 1) The competitions between rural living space (RLS), rural production space (RPS) and rural ecological space(RES) substantially contribute to the evolution of rural residential land according to the conceptual framework, and the evolution in mountainous economic zone is greatly impacted by the close coupling interaction of macro driving factors and micro farmers’ housing selection. 2)The characteristics of rural residential evolution of Chengdu-Chongqing area presents “dense in the west and sparse in the east”, and the majority of which are concentrated in Sichuan Basin and Chengdu plain area. 3) Although the size of rural residential land in Chengdu-Chongqing area presents a fluctuant downward trend according to the simulation results, the spatial distribution pattern will remain nearly unchanged in the long run. 4) Rural residential evolution reflects the interactional process of muti-factors, as well as the matching result between man-land relationship and regional development goals under the land use policies. Overall, The theoretical and empirical research form the perspective of spatial competition in this paper provides a new idea for future studies on the evolution of rural residential land.

Revitalization of idle rural residential land: Coordinating the potential supply for land consolidation with the demand for rural revitalization

The consolidation and reuse of idle rural residential land (IRRL) is a key component when studying rural sustainable land use. Scientifically understanding the relationship between the consolidation of IRRL and rural revitalization and exploring ways to revitalize IRRL through rural revitalization are key scientific issues that urgently need to be solved for rural land sustainability. By applying an integrated framework, the potential supply for consolidation and the utilization demand of IRRL under rural revitalization are synthetically identified, and the supply-demand relationship is further explored. Finally, diversified revitalization for IRRL based on the coordination of supply and demand is proposed. The results show that the dominant sources of the consolidation potential for IRRL are agricultural land supply, ecological improvement and industrial land supply. The dominant demands for IRRL involve industrial development, residence function and ecological protection. There is an obvious mismatch between the consolidation potential supply and the utilization demand of IRRL, and the lack of consolidation potential supply is the main source of this mismatch. Under the trade-off between consolidation potential supply and rural revitalization demand, industrial development and ecological improvement are the dominant utilization directions of IRRL in Pinggu, and fewer villages are being used for residential improvement. The direct consolidation of village functions, the transformation into a land index for spatial transfer, and maintaining the land as idle are the primary revitalization methods for IRRL. The study aims to realize the potential value of IRRL and to deeply explore the human-land adaptation relationship under rural revitalization to enrich the research system of sustainable land use and provide a reference for rural land rights reform in developing countries.